FV ultrasound hearts. What is a heart emission fraction, as calculated and what shows

04.06.2020

Patients who received the direction for medical diagnostics of the heart and blood vessels, meet such a concept as a fraction of emission. It is measured during ultrasound, contrasting x-ray and echoc.

In this article, the reader will get acquainted with the definition of "Heart Emission", norms and decoding, and also learns about the methods of treatment and prevention.

For all issues, you can contact the portal specialists.

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The emission fraction is an indicator that determines the effectiveness of the health of the heart of the heart body at the moment of impact. It is measured as a percentage ratio of blood volume falling into the vessels in the state of the ventricle systole. For example, with 100 ml in the vascular system, 65 ml falls, thus, the heart emission will be equal to 65%.

Mainly, the measurement is carried out left ventricle, since it enters blood circulation from it big circle. If there is a lack of blood in this ventricle, it becomes the cause of heart failure, which entails the development of diseases of the authority.

The emission fraction is appointed not to all patients, but only those who complain about:

pain syndrome in the chest;
systematic interruptions in the body;
tachycardia;
dyspnea;
frequent dizziness and fainting;
swelling of the lower extremities;
fast fatigue and weakness;
reduced productivity.

As a rule, the first study is an electrocardiogram and ultrasound. These surveys allow you to find out to which extent is the cardiac emission of both the left ventricle and the right. Diagnosis is distinguished by low price, high informativeness, and there is no specific preparation. The availability of the procedure is due to the fact that any ultrasound equipment can provide data on the fraction.

Normal fraction emission

Human heart, even without external stimuli, continues to work, pushing over 50% of blood at every systolic condition. If this indicator begins to decrease to the plank less than 50%, insufficiency is diagnosed. As a result, the reduction in the volume is developing myocardium, ischemia, vice, etc.

The emission fraction varies in the range of 55-70 percent is the norm. The decline to the mark of 35-40 percent entails dangerous interruptions. To prevent the fatal drop, you need, at least once a year to visit the cardiologist. Persons who have reached the age of 40 are a mandatory procedure. The symptomatic picture described above is a faithful reason to appeal to a qualified cardiologist.

Cardiac release when diagnosing a patient's body with pathologies in a cardiovascular system, an important priority is to determine the individual minimum threshold. Based on information, the doctor may diagnose and assign correct therapy.

Ultrasound - norms and decoding

At the end of the ultrasound examination, the diagnost is the protocol, which makes all the obtained data on the state of the left ventricle. Subsequently, information is subjected to decoding. When detecting pathologies, the doctor explains the results obtained and the diagnosis is established.

Not even possessing medical educationThe person can independently decipher the main indicators and see the clinical picture of the investigated body. The decoding occurs by the method of comparing the received information with the norm table.

emission fraction, gap: 55 -60%;
the size of the atrium of the right chamber: 2.7-4.5 cm;
impact volume: 60-100 ml;
aortic diameter: 2.1-4.1 cm;
the thickness of the diastolic wall: 0.75-1.1 cm;
systole size: 3.1-4.3 cm;
the atrium size of the left chamber: 1.9 to 4 cm.

The above indicators must be considered in the aggregate volume. The deviation from the norm of one is not suspicion of the pathological process, but may require additional diagnostics.

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How to treat low level of fraction?

With information about the rate of cardiac output, the reader may analyze the health of the body. When the release of the left ventricle turns out to be lower than the norm, it is recommended to take advice from the cardiologist in a short time. It is worth noting that the doctors are primarily interested in not the presence of pathology, but the reason for the development of alend. Therefore, after ultrasound, additional research is often carried out.

Low ventricular emission is most often characterized. bad well-being, swelling and shortness of breath. How to increase the volume of the fraction? We live in the era of progressive medicine, so in the arsenal of doctors to increase blood emissions in the vessels, therapy occupies the first place. Basically, the ward is located on an outpatient treatment, during which experts are watching the activities of the heart and system of vessels. In addition to drug treatment, surgical intervention is sometimes produced.

the reception of the liquid is strictly regulated and is 1.5-2 liters of water per day;
failure to salt, seasonings and dishes containing it;
dietary diet;
moderate physical activity;
reception of drugs: urinary tract stimulants, inhibitors, adrenaline blockers, digoxin, etc.

It is possible to restore blood supply to the surgical method. As a rule, operations are prescribed to patients who diagnosed severe heart rate or valve apparatus. Often, valves are subjected to resection and set prostheses. This approach allows to normalize heart rate, eliminate arrhythmia and fibrillation. It should be noted that the operations are carried out if there is a high danger to a person's life. In all other cases, therapy is carried out.

Preventive methods

In the absence of genetic predisposition to diseases of the cardiovascular system, it is possible to keep the fraction in the norm.

daily charging;
consumption of products saturated with iron;
do not abuse alcohol-containing drinks and tobacco;
observe a healthy mode;
2-3 times a week to make aerobics;
choose dishes with low salt.

The main key is aerobics. There is such an opinion that for diseases of the heart and blood vessels physical exercise harmful. It is a myth.

Damage can only bring weight lifting, i.e. gym For patients are prohibited. Aerobic exercises on the contrary strengthen the walls of the vessels and do not overload the heart. Such classes improve muscle functions, deriving oxygen from the blood. It is necessary to engage gradually increasing the load.

According to statistics of the 20th century, the people of old age were most often affected by the cordially vascular diseases. To date, it affected the younger generation. The main risk group includes residents of metropolis, which suffer from low levels of clean air and exhaust gases. Therefore, it is very important to every person every year a medical examination is not only at the cardiologist, but also other doctors. Remember that only you are responsible for your health!

What is the ejection fraction of the heart?

FVS is called an indicator that is calculated by a special formula. A shock volume of blood is taken, which enters the aort after one reduction of the heart muscle and determines its ratio in accordance with the finite-diastolic volume of the ventricle - blood accumulated in the cavity during the period of relaxation.

The resulting value is multiplied by one hundred percent, which makes it possible to obtain the final result. It is the percentage amount of blood, which is pushed into the ventricle during systole in accordance with the total volume of liquid contained in it.

The calculation of the indicator is carried out by computer equipment in the ultra-known studies of cardiac cameras. With the help of this diagnostic method, only the left ventricle is investigated.

Ultrasonography makes it possible to determine the ability to perform their functions with the left ventricle, which are to ensure adequate blood flow in the body.

Video about what is a fraction of the emission of the heart.

Values: Norm, deviations

If a person is in physiological rest, then the normal value of FV is the indicator of origin. Significant physical exertion in adults leads to an increase in the protrusion indicator. Further increase is not observed. This is explained by the fact that all blood from the ventricle cannot be thrown by myocardium, as it becomes the cause of the heart stop.

Values: Norm, deviations

In modern medicine, only a reduced indicator is evaluated. This is the main criterion that allows you to determine the irrational work of the body. With a decrease in the indicator, most patients are diagnosed - contractile deficiency of myocardium. In this case, the value of the fraction is less than 45 percent.

With contractile failure, risks arise not only for health, but also for human life. With insufficient blood flow to the authorities there is a violation of their work. Against this, it develops polyorgan dysfunction, which leads to a fatal outcome.

Reduced emission volume is most often observed against the background of systolic failure. It is completely impossible to get rid of this pathological condition. If certain conditions arise, the treatment is conducted endovascular or vascular surgeon. Human half has no influence on FV. Elderly patients have the occurrence of physiological decrease in indicators.

With a decrease in FV, we can talk about the individual norm. But, with a value of less than 45 percent, the pathological process is diagnosed. In a healthy person, the PV value may increase if the heartbeat frequency and blood pressure level increases. If radionuclide angiography is used to measure the indicator, then the cost of outposts.

If the patient diagnoses an indicator of less than 35 percent, this indicates the flow of irreversible processes in myocardium. In the first few years of the child's life, the FV norms are higher and components.

The heart emission fraction is a necessary indicator by which the forecast is determined by a variety of cardiovascular diseases.

Causes of cardiac weakness

The decrease in the indicator of FV is diagnosed against the background of a variety of diseases. In most cases, pathology is diagnosed if chronic heart failure is developing. This disease Appears at:

Ischemic Disease. With this disease, blood flow is reduced to coronary arteries, which provide meals with oxygen with heart muscle
Myocardial infarction. In most cases, pathology is developing after transmural and large-scale heart attacks. After this critical state, it is observed replacing the curtain tissue of muscle cells of the organ. It cannot shrink, which leads to the formation of post-infarction cardiosclerosis
Violations of conductivity and rhythm, which are often observed and characterized by a sharp course. Against the background of this, the muscle is gradually wear out. Its cuts are irrational and neurotic. In most cases, pathology is diagnosed with a variety of pathological processes, which lead to a violation of the body
Cardiomyopathy. With this disease, structural disorders are observed in the heart configuration. They occur during stretching or hypertrophy of the muscle of the organ. The cause of this pathology can be a violation of a hormonal background, long-term arterial hypertension, in which high blood pressure indicators are observed, malformations of the organ, etc.

Reducing the Heart Reduction can be diagnosed against the background of a variety of cardiac disease. That is why they are recommended to be treated in a timely manner.

Diagnostics

Values: Norm, deviations

The pathological process is characterized by the presence of relevant features. Thanks to the symptoms of the disease, doctors manage to make a diagnosis correctly and in a timely manner.

Patients complain about the emergence of pain in the right half of the abdomen. It can also increase in size, which is explained by the fluid delay in abdominal cavity.

Such a state is observed in venous stag. If it is observed a long period, the patient can develop cardiac cirrhosis of the liver.

Patients may have shortness of breath not only with physical overloads, but also during rest. Patients argue that shortness of breath appears in a lying position, especially in the night. In pathology, the development of swelling is diagnosed skin Pokrov on face, stop and legs.

The late treatment of pathology leads to the swelling of the internal organs, which is due to the violation of blood circulation in the subcutaneous fiber vessels, which leads to a lip of the fluid in it.

Reducing the heart emission fraction is the cause of frequent weakness and excessive fatigue even when performing usual. In some patients, in pathology, frequent appearance of dizziness was diagnosed. In some cases, the loss of consciousness was diagnosed. This is due to the insufficient blood obtaining the brain and skeletal muscles.

The disease can be accompanied by a stool disorder, as well as nausea and vomiting. Some people complain about the appearance of blood in the cartoons. Periodically, disturbed sensitivity may occur. With a long flow of pathology, a rapid decrease in body weight is observed. Patients talk about the appearance of pain in the heart of the heart, which is characterized by varying degrees of intensity.

The determination of the indicator is carried out using an electrocardiogram. Also, patients make an appointment of ultrasound research. Thanks to these surveys, the degree of cardiac output is made. Diagnosis does not require specific training and is highly informative.

The diagnosis of FV Hearts provides the ability to determine the severity of the pathology and the development of the correct tactics of therapy.

Treatment

Heart Emission Fraction: Treatment

Pathology therapy is carried out if FV is less than 45 percent. Such a state suggests that the functionality of the heart muscle is reduced against the background of various diseases.

Therapy is aimed at stabilizing pathological changes in the early stages. In most cases, drug therapy is carried out using:

Inhibitors of angiotensin-rotating enzyme. Via this medicine The power of heart fabrics is improved, and peripheral arteries are expanding. With regular use of drugs, the performance of heart muscles is significantly increased, the stability of myocardium to loads increases. Patients Recommended Reception Ramipril, Enalapril, Captive
Beta adrenoblockers. Thanks to these drugs, the need for organ in oxygen and other nutrients is reduced. When using the drug, the heartbeat frequency is incremented, the processes of the natural death of the cells are reduced. Reception of methoporolol, non-biscuit, bisoprolol
Aldosterone receptor antagonists. The effect of drugs is aimed at stabilizing the number of electrolytes. During the treatment period, excess fluids are derived and the load on the organ decreases. Patients make the appointment of Eplerenon, Spironolakton
Diuretic drugs or diuretics. Preparations derive excess liquid from the body and reduce the bulk burden on the body. Recommended Use of Indapamide, Thoresemide, Hypothiazide
Cardiac glycosides. The medicine improves the reduction of heart muscles, increase the conductivity in violation of the functions of myocardium. Treatment of patients is carried out using stanfantine, digoxin
Peripheral vasodilators. Medicines are prescribed to reduce the load on the organ and improve blood flow in the field of cardiac vessels. Nitroglycerin, Aprescin, Sodium Nitroprusside, is recommended for patients.
Calcium channel blockers. Thanks to medications, heart vessels are expanding, and the quality of food nutrition is also increased. Therapy is carried out by nifedipine, nimodipin, verapamil
Disaggregants. Preparations are recommended to be used to eliminate the possibility of formation of bunches. For pathology therapy, the reception of aspirin, platform
Antithmic agents. Drugs are born in the rhythm of myocardial cuts. Therapy is carried out by diltiazem, dyspeyramide, amiodarone

In particularly severe cases, the use of surgical intervention is recommended. Patients establish electrostimulators or cardi sector-defibers if there are threatening life disorders in the heart rhythm. In some cases, the use of resinchronizing therapy is carried out. With it, it is stimulated by the reductions of ventricles and atria in various rhythms.

During the treatment of pathology, it is necessary to adhere to certain recommendations. The patient needs to ensure normal nutrition, which will fully meet the needs of its body. Also the patient should strictly observe the day and rest mode.

The treatment of reduced WFA hearts can be applied to the use of a variety of techniques. The choice of a certain therapeutic method is carried out only qualified specialist In accordance with the individual characteristics of the patient and the degree of gravity of pathology.

Prevention

If the patient has a genetic predisposition, it can fully regulate the norm of the fraction. In this case, it is recommended to perform certain prophylaxions. Man must carry out a day every day. It is also recommended to use products that include a large amount of iron.

In order to prevent pathology, it is necessary to abandon smoking. A person must minimize the use of alcoholic beverages. Excellent prophylactic method is observance healthy image Life.

If there is such an opportunity, then a person has to go to aerobics several times a week. Dietary food will eliminate the threat to the development of pathology. It is best to give preference to dishes, which include a minimum amount of salt. With a hereditary predisposition to the disease, it is recommended to refuse to visit the gyms.

FV Hearts is a heavy pathological process that can cause fatal outcome. The pathological process can develop with a variety of cardiological diseases. It is accompanied by certain symptoms, with the appearance of which it is necessary to diagnose, which will allow to assign the optimal treatment regimen. In order to avoid pathology, its prevention should be carried out in a timely manner.

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The normal value of the heart emission fraction, indicator deviations

From this article you will learn about the ejection fraction: the norms of the indicator, as it is calculated and what shows. When the deviation of the emission fraction (abbreviated FV) is a danger, why a pathological change appears. Symptoms of the output of the indicator for normal boundaries, the principles of treatment and the forecast.

The emission fraction (FV) is called the attitude of the shock volume (blood, which enters the aorta for one reduction in the heart muscle) to the finite-diastolic volume of the ventricle (blood that accumulates in the cavity over a period of relaxation, or diastole, myocardium). The resulting value is multiplied by 100% and get the final value. That is, this is a percentage amount of blood, which pushes the ventricles in the systole process, from the total volume of fluid contained in it.

The indicator calculates the computer in the course of the ultrasonographic study of cardiac cameras (echocardiography or ultrasound). It is used only for left ventricle and directly reflects its ability to perform its function, that is, provide adequate blood flow throughout the body.

In the conditions of physiological rest, 50-75% consider the normal value of FV, with healthy people, it increases to 80-85%. There is no further increment, as myocardia cannot throw all the blood from the ventricle cavity, which will lead to a stop of the heart.

In medical terms, only a decrease in the indicator is estimated - this is one of the main criteria for the development of a reduction in heart performance, a sign of contractile deficiency of myocardium. This indicates the value of the FV below 45%.

Such insufficiency is a greater danger to life - the small flow of blood to the authorities violates their work, which ends with polyorgan dysfunction and in the end leads to the death of the patient.

Given that the reason for the reduction in the volume of emission of the left ventricle is its systolic failure (as the outcome of many chronic pathologies of the heart and blood vessels), it is impossible to fully cure this state. Treatment is carried out supporting myocardium and aimed at stabilization of the state at one level.

The observation and selection of therapy for patients with low emission fraction is engaged in cardiologists and therapists. Under certain conditions, the help of a vascular or endovascular surgeon may be required.

Features of the figure

The ejection fraction does not depend on the floor of a person.
With age, the physiological decrease in the indicator is noted.
Low FV can be an individual norm, but a value of less than 45% is always considered pathological.
Improving the value of all healthy people with the growth rate of heartbeat and blood pressure.
The rate of indicator during the measurement by radionuclide angiography is considered to be 45-65%.
The measurement is used by the formulas of the Simpson or Teichol, normal values \u200b\u200bdepending on the method used range to 10%.
The critical level of reduction of 35 and less% is a sign of irreversible changes in myocardial tissues.
For children in the first years of life, higher norms are characterized in 60-80%.
The indicator is used to determine the forecast of any cardiovascular disease in patients.

Causes of decline in the indicator

At the initial stages of any disease, the emission fraction remains normal due to development in the myocardium processes of the device (thickening of the muscular layer, strengthening work, restructuring of small blood vessels). As the disease progressing the disease, the heart is exhausted, there is a violation of the contractile ability of muscle fibers, and the volume of the blood discharged decreases.

Such violations lead all influences and diseases that have a negative effect on myocardium.

Acute myocardial infarction

Scar Changes Candy Fabric (Cardiosclerosis)

Cheering form of ischemia

Tahi- and Bradiarhythmia

Aneurysm Wall ventricle

Endocarditis (changes on the inner shell)

Pericarditis (heart bag disease)

Congenital disorders of a normal structure or vice (violation of the right location, a significant reduction in the lumen of the aorta, a pathological connection between large vessels)

Aneurysm of any Aorta Department

Aortoarterite (damage to cells of its own immunity of the aorta walls and its branches)

Thromboembolism of lung vessels

Sugar diabetes and impairment of glucose

Hammoreactive adrenal tumors, pancreas (feuhromocytoma, carcinoid)

Stimulating narcotic drugs

Symptoms of lower indicator

Low emission fraction is one of the main criteria of the heartburn, so patients are forced to significantly limit their labor and physical activity. Often, even simple matters around the house cause a deterioration in the state, which causes most of the time to spend or lying in bed.

The indicator decreases are distributed in the frequency of occurrence from the most frequent to more rare:

significant loss of forces and fatigue from the usual loads;
breathing disorder in terms of increasing frequency, up to the attacks of suffocation;
breathing problems are enhanced in the lying position;
collaptoid states and loss of consciousness;
changes in view (darkening in the eyes, "flies");
pain syndrome in the projection of the heart of various intensity;
the increase in the number of heart abbreviations;
eyefather of the heads and stop;
accumulation of fluid in the chest and abdomen;
gradual increase in the size of the liver;
progressive weight loss;
episodes of concealment and gait;
periodic reduction of sensitivity and active mobility in the limbs;
discomfort, moderate painful syndrome in the projection of the abdomen;
unstable stool;
nausea attacks;
vomiting with blood impurity;
blood in feces.

Treatment while reducing the indicator

The emission fraction is less than 45% - a consequence of changes in the functionality of the heart muscle against the background of the progression of the main disease. The decline in the indicator is a sign of irreversible changes in myocardial tissues, and the possibility of full cure speech no longer comes. Everything medical events Aimed at stabilizing pathological changes at their early stage and improving the quality of the patient's life - in late.

The complex of treatment includes:

conducting the correction of the main pathological process;
therapy of lack of left ventricle.

This article is devoted directly to the PV of the left ventricle and the types of its violation, so it will be only about this part of the treatment.

Drug correction

Main preparations

Cardiac food improvement

Improving myocardial stability to load

Reliable improvement of the health of the heart muscle

Heartbeat frequency resistance

Reducing the processes of the natural death of heart cells in the conditions of increased work

Increasing the number of zones with an active contraction in myocardium

Remove the extra liquid and reduced myocardium load

Lowering the volumetric load on myocardium

Increased conduction in the conditions of impaired myocardial function

Additional means

Protection of vessels in conditions of altered blood flow

Prevention of clots on the background of venous stagnation

Auxiliary drugs

Improvement of blood flow in heart vessels

Surgical correction

Installation of electrocardiosimulants or defibrillator cardi sector in life-degrading heart rate disorders.
Resinchronizing therapy is to stimulate the reduction of ventricles and atrium in different rhythm (slowing down the reduction of ventricles by creating an artificial blockade of the heart).

Non-media correction

Normalization of nutrition in accordance with the needs of the body to stabilize normal weight.
Dosage, but mandatory physical activity.
Normalization of recreation mode.
Psychotherapeutic assistance.
Physio and reflexotherapy.

Forecast

If the left ventricle emission fraction decreases, while in the range of 40-45%, the risk of death in the background of the heart stop is about 10-15%.
A decrease to a level of 35-40% increases this risk to 20-25%.
Further decrease in the indicator in geometric progression impairs the forecast for the survival of the patient.

There is no complete cure from pathology, but on time the therapy starts to extend the life and maintain relatively satisfactory quality.

Cardiac output: norm and reasons

When the patient receives the results of the tests, it is trying to understand independently, which means every value, how critical is the deviation from the norm. Important diagnostic value He has an indicator of cardiac output, the norm of which indicates a sufficient amount of blood emitted into the aorta, and the deviation speaks of approaching heart failure.

What is an emission fraction and why need to be evaluated?

Evaluation of the Heart Emission Fraction

When contacting the patient in the clinic with complaints of pain in the heart, the doctor will appoint complete diagnosis. The patient who faces this problem for the first time may not understand what all the terms mean when certain parameters increase or decrease as they are calculated.

Heart emission fraction is determined by the following patient complaints:

heartache;
tachycardia;
dyspnea;
dizziness and fainting;
increased fatigue;
pain in the progred area;
interruptions in the work of the heart;
edema extremities.

Biochemical blood tests and an electrocardiogram will be indicative for the doctor. If the data obtained is not enough, ultrasound is carried out, Holter monitoring of electrocardiogram, bicycle ergometry.

The emission fraction indicator is determined in the following heart research:

isotopic ventriculography;
x-ray-contrast ventriculography.

The emission fraction is not difficult to analyze the indicator, the data shows even the easiest ultrasound device. As a result, the doctor receives data showing how effective the work of the heart occurs with every blow. During each reduction, a certain percentage of blood is ejected from the ventricle into the vessels. This volume is indicated by the emission fraction. If from 100 ml of blood in the ventricle, 60 cm came into the aorta, then the heart rate was 60%.

The work of the left ventricle is indicative, since blood from the left side of the heart muscle enters a large circle of blood circulation. If it does not determine the failures in the work of the left ventricle, that is, the risk of obtaining heart failure. The reduced cardiac output indicates the impossibility of the heart to decline in full force, therefore the body is not ensured by the required blood volume. In this case, the heart is supported by medication.

How do the emission fraction calculate?

For calculation, the following formula is used: shock volume multiplied to the heart rate. The result will show how the amount of blood is pushed with a heart in 1 minute. On average, the volume is 5.5 liters.

Formulas for calculating cardiac emissions have names.

Teicholian formula. The calculation is made automatically by the program in which data on the final systolic and diastolic volume of the left ventricle is introduced. It matters the size of the organ.
Simpson formula. The main difference lies in the possibility of entering the circumference of all parts of myocardium. The study is more indicative, it is necessary for it.

The data obtained on two different formulas may differ by 10%. Data is indicative for the diagnosis of any disease of the cardiovascular system.

Important nuances when measuring the percentage of cardiac output:

the result does not affect half a person;
the older man, the lower the rate of the indicator;
the pathological condition is considered to be lower than 45%;
to irreversible consequences leads a decrease in the indicator of less than 35%;
the reduced indicator may be an individual feature (but not lower than 45%);
the indicator rises in hypertension;
in the first few years of life, children have an emission rate exceeds the norm (60-80%).

Normal indicators of FV.

Normally, more blood passes through the left ventricle, regardless of the heart is currently loaded or is at rest. Determining the percentage of cardiac emission allows you to diagnose heart failure on time.

Normal Heart Emission Faction Indicators

Cardiac emission rate is 55-70%, 40-55% is read reduced. If the indicator dropped below 40% - cardiac insufficiency is diagnosed, the figure below 35% indicates the irreversible heart-life-threatening interruptions in the near future.

Exceeding the norm is rare, since physically the heart is not able to expel the amount of blood in the aorta more laid. The indicator reaches 80% of trained people, in particular, athletes, people leading healthy, active lifestyle.

Improving cardiac output may indicate myocardial hypertrophy. At this moment, the left ventricle is trying to compensate statiya Heart failure and pushes blood with greater force.

Even if the body does not affect the external irritating factors, then 50% of blood will be guaranteed with each reduction. If a person is worried about his health, then after the occurrence of 40 years, it is recommended to pass an annual professional career from the Cardiologist.

The correctness of the appointed therapy also depends on the definition of an individual threshold. Insufficient amount of recycled blood causes a deficit of incoming oxygen in all organs, including the brain.

Causes of a reduced heart emission fraction

The following pathologies lead to a decrease in the level of cardiac emissions:

coronary artery disease;
myocardial infarction;
violations of heart rhythm (arrhythmia, tachycardia);
cardiomyopathy.

Each pathology of the heart muscle affects the work of the ventricle in its own way. During coronary heart disease, blood flow decreases, after a heart attack, the muscles are covered with scars that cannot be reduced. The violation of the rhythm leads to a deterioration in conductivity, rapid wear of the heart, and cardiomyopathy leads to an increase in muscle size.

In the first stage of any disease, the emission fraction is not much changed. Cardiac muscle adapts to new conditions, grows muscular layer, small blood vessels are rebuilt. Gradually, the possibilities of the heart are exhausted, muscle fibers are weakened, the amount of blood absorbed decreases.

Other diseases that reduce cardiac output:

angina;
hypertension;
aneurysta the wall of the ventricle;
infectious inflammatory diseases (pericarditis, myocarditis, endocarditis);
myocardiodistrophy;
cardiomyopathy;
congenital pathologies, violation of the structure of the body;
vasculitis;
vascular pathology;
hormonal malfunctions in the body;
diabetes;
obesity;
tumors of glands;
intoxication.

Symptoms of reduced emission fraction

Low emission fraction indicates serious heart pathologies. Having a diagnosis, the patient needs to revise the lifestyle, eliminate excessive loads on the heart. The deterioration of the state can cause emotional disorders.

The patient complains about the following symptoms:

increased fatigue, weakness;
the emergence of the feeling of suffocation;
respiratory disorders;
it is hard to breathe in the lying position;
visual disorders;
loss of consciousness;
heartache;
improving the rhythm of heart abbreviations;
swelling of the lower extremities.

At more running stages and in the development of secondary diseases, the following symptoms arise:

reduced sensitivity limbs;
increase liver;
coordination violation;
weight loss;
nausea, vomiting, blood in feces;
abdominal pain;
the accumulation of fluid in the lungs and abdominal cavity.

Even if there are no symptoms, it does not mean that a person does not suffer from heart failure. Conversely, pronounced the above symptoms, not always as a result will show a reduced percentage of cardiac output.

Ultrasound - norms and decoding

Ultrasound examination of the heart

Ultrasound examination gives several indicators for which the doctor judges the state of the heart muscle, in particular, the functioning of the left ventricle.

Cardiac output, norm 55-60%;
The size of the atrium of the right chamber, the norm is 2.7-4.5 cm;
The diameter of the aorta, the norm 2.1-4.1 cm;
The atrium size of the left chamber, the norm is 1.9-4 cm;
Impact volume, registers.

It is important to evaluate separately each indicator, but a common clinical picture. If there was a deviation from the norm in a large or smaller side of only one indicator, an additional study will be required to determine the cause.

In which cases requires a reduced emission fraction?

Immediately after receiving the results of the ultrasound and determine the reduced percentage of cardiac output, the doctor will not be able to determine the treatment plan and assign medicines. It should be struggling with the cause of pathology, and not with the symptoms of a reduced ejection fraction.

Therapy is selected after complete diagnosis, determination of the disease and its stage. In some cases, these are medication therapy, sometimes surgical intervention.

How to increase the reduced emission fraction?

First of all, medicines are prescribed to eliminate the root causes of a reduced ejection fraction. A mandatory treatment point is the reception of drugs that increase the contractile ability of myocardium (cardiac glycosides). The doctor selects the dosage and the duration of treatment based on the results of the tests, the uncontrolled reception can lead to glycoside intoxication.

Heart failure is treated not only by pills. The patient must control the drinking mode, the daily volume of the drinking liquid should not exceed 2 liters. From the diet you need to remove the salt. Additionally, diuretics are appointed, beta-adrenoblays, aPF inhibitors, Digoxin. Melting condition will help drugs that reduce the need of the heart in oxygen.

Restore blood flow in ischemic disease and eliminate heavy heart defects. Modern surgical methods. The artificial driver of the heart can be installed from arrhythmia. The operation is not carried out with a decrease in the percentage of cardiac output below 20%.

Prevention

Preventive measures are aimed at improving the condition of the cardiovascular system.

Active lifestyle.
Sports.
Proper nutrition.
Rejection of bad habits.
Rest in the fresh air.
Getting rid of stress.

What is a fraction of heart emissions:

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Materials are intended for familiarization and personal education. To diagnose and treat diseases, the site cannot be applied, be sure to visit your doctor! Support site | about the project

To evaluate the work of a continuously working human "motor", many quantitative indicators are taken into account. Among them - the emission of the heart (Sun) and the ejection fraction (FVS).

The norm of these values \u200b\u200band comparison with them of the values \u200b\u200bmeasured by a particular patient, allow the doctor to obtain an objective idea of \u200b\u200bthe functional reserves of the "pumping" function of myocardium and cash pathologies in its cardiovascular system.

Information, photos and videos in this article will help the inhabitant to understand the essence of these parameters, how they are measured, which affects the indicators of Sun and FVS, and can modern medicine Influence the body to normalize these values.

Cardiac output is a total blood volume coming from the heart to the main vessels during a certain period of time or the volumetric speed of blood flow. Usually, a temporary unit is 1 minute, so among the doctors, the term "minute blood circulation" or its abbreviation "IOC" is more often used.

Factors affecting the magnitude of the cardiac output

Heart emissions depends on:

age and anthropometric indicators;
human states - peace (preload), after exercise, psycho-emotional background;
the frequencies of myocardial abbreviations and its quality characteristic - a shock or systolic volume of blood (SVS) received from the left ventricle in the aorta, and from the right ventricle in the light artery, during their reduction;
the magnitude of the "venous return" - a blood volume flowing into the right atrium from the upper and lower hollow veins, in which blood is going to from the whole organism;
the size of the thickness of the muscular wall and the volumes of cardiac cameras (see in the figure above).

For your information. The Sun parameter also affects the specific indicators of the injection (contractile) ability of the heartcard and the current state of the total stream of blood flow of the peripheral blood vessels of the common circle of blood circulation.

Reference values \u200b\u200band regulatory rating parameters

Today, it is fairly easy to find out the exact cardiac hemodynamics performance. Most of them are calculated by a computer program during the implementation of non-invasive echocardiographic ultrasound examination.

The procedure can be done for free in the state clinic, perform private medical institution or laboratory, and even call a specialist with a portable apparatus at home. The survey price ranges from 700 to 6 500 rubles, and depends on the class of equipment.

There are other techniques for the definition of Sun and CSS - for ficker, thermodilution, left ventriculography, Starrog formula. Their implementation is invasive, so they are used in cardiac surgery. The description of their essence will be understandable only to those skilled in the art, and for the man in the street, we will specify that they are intended to monitor the state of the cardiovascular system during operations, monitoring the state of the patient in resuscitation, but some are sometimes performed for the formulation of an accurate diagnosis.

Whatever the methods of measuring Sun, its reference values \u200b\u200bin a healthy adult, which is in physical peace and psycho-emotional equilibrium, are recorded ranging from 4 to 6 l / min, while in one reduction from the left ventricle in the aorta is energized from 60 to 100. ml of blood. Such indicators are considered optimal provided that the heart beat at a speed of 60-90 ° C / min, the upper pressure was in the range from 105 to 155., and the bottom - from 55 to 95 mm Hg. Art.

On a note. Unfortunately, it is not always enough to clarify the cardiological diagnosis of ECCG. In addition to him, the doctor may appoint CT-tomography, Phonocong, EFI, CT-CoronaryRograph, radionuclide diagnostics.

Cardiac syndromes

The decrease in the aircraft is due to the drop in speed and the volume " venous outflow", As well as violations of the contractile ability of myocardium.

To the reasons for the occurrence of low heart emission syndrome:

Diseases or conditions caused by cardiac origin or complications after cardiac surgery:
1. bradiaritmia, Tahiaritmia;
2. vices of cardiac valves;
3. terminal stage of stagnant heart failure;
4. violation of metabolism in myocardium;
5. occlusion shunt or main vessel;
6. reduction of blood volume;
7. accumulation of air in the pleural cavity and squeezing the shares of lungs;
8. cluster of fluid between pericardial leaves;
9. oxygen starvation myocardium;
10. the displacement of the acid-alkaline balance of the body towards an increase in acidity (reducing pH);
11. sepsis;
12. cardiogenic shock.
Narkard processes:
1. massive blood loss;
2. extensive burn;
3. reducing the nervous stimulation of the heart;
4. sudden extension of veins;
5. obstruction of large veins;
6. anemia;
7. poisoning with carbon dioxide.

On a note. The aging of the body, long-term hypodynamia, starvation, diet, which led to a decrease in the volume of skeletal muscles, cause stable low heart emission syndrome.

High Sun is an adequate heart reaction in response to physical or psycho-emotional loads. The heart of an athlete-marathonca can work at the maximum limit - with an increase in venous return and cardiac output by 2.5 times, pumping up to 40 l per minute.

If the Sun indicator is increased alone, then this may be a consequence:

the initial stage of hypertrophy of the heart walls - the "heart of an athlete";
thyrotoxicosis;
arteriovenous fistula;
chronic mitral and aortic insufficiency with left ventricle overload;
low hemoglobin;
beri-take diseases (Avitaminosis B1);
podium pathology (deforming osteodistrophy).

For your information. Improving the load on the cardiovascular system during pregnancy causes an increase in Sun, which after childbirth comes to normal.

What is a heart emission fraction

Among the criteria characterizing cardiac hemodynamics can be found and more "complex" parameters. Among them, the ejection fraction (FVS), which is the percentage ratio of the impact systolic volume of blood pushed out of the left ventricle during the compression of the heart, to the blood volume, which accumulated in it by the end of the period of relaxation of the heart muscle (diastole).

This indicator is used to prepare the forecast of any cardiovascular pathology.

Reference values

The norm of the left ventricular emission fraction is 47-75%, and in psycho-emotional and physical exertion, its value can reach 85%. In the elderly, the indicator is slightly reduced. In children, reference values \u200b\u200bare alone above - 60-80%.

The value of the FVS is determined during the implementation of radionuclide angiography according to Simpson or Teichol. In the examination form it is indicated which formula was applied, since discrepancies in the range of 10% are possible.

Cardiologists pay attention to the FVS in cases when it drops to 45% and below. Such values \u200b\u200bare a clinical symptom of disruption of contractile failure and reduce the health of the heart muscle. Indicators below 35% indicate irreversible processes in myocardium.

For your information. At the initial stage of any cardiology, the rate of emission of the heart fraction does not change due to adaptive processes - thickening of muscle tissue, rearrangement of small-diameter vessels and alveoli, increase strength and / or number of abbreviations. Changing the value of the FVS occurs when compensation exhaust itself.

Causes of decline

Low cardiac ejection fraction arises due to:

diseases, infectious inflammatory processes and myocardial defects;
large load on the heart in a consequence of light hypertension;
pathologies of coronary and lung vessels;
tumor formations and diseases of the thyroid and pancreas, adrenal glands;
diabetes, obesity;
poisoning alcohol, tobacco, drugs ,.

Attention! Increasingly, cases of reducing the contractile work of myocardium are recorded in young and mature people who abuse energy drinks.

Symptoms

Although low fraction Heart emission itself is a clinical symptom, she has its own characteristic features of manifestation:

the increase in the frequency of breathing is possible attacks;
promotional states and fainting;
"Flies" or "Damage" in the eyes;
an increase in the heart rate to the values \u200b\u200bof tachycardia;
employment of lower extremities (feet, legs);
numbness of hand and legs;
smooth increase in liver size;
pain syndrome (different character and strength) in the heart and abdomen.

Important! Often people suffering from diseases that are accompanied by a low fraction of heart emissions look like drunk. They break the coordination of movement, becoming a shaky gait, the language is turned away and other speech defects arise.

How to increase heart emission fraction

Treatment of a low fraction of the heart emission is directed to the stabilization of pathological processes, and occurs within the framework of standard therapy of the disease or condition, which caused a reduction in myocardial performance, and correction of the lack of left ventricle. In addition to hypertensive drugs, it can be appointed: disagrements that dilute blood, anticoagulants, statins, peripheral vasodilators, antiarrhythmic drugs, receptor antagonists for aldosterone and an angiotensule 2.

If the cardiac ejection fraction is lower than 35% of therapeutic measures are aimed at improving the quality of life. If necessary, resinchronizing therapy (artificial blockade) is performed. In cases of arrhythmias threatening with a fatal outcome, an electrocardiomator or a cardi sector defibrillator is installed.

And at the conclusion of the article, see the video with a detailed instruction for performing accessible to all exercises from Chinese wellness gymnastics, which will help to improve the cardiovascular system at the energy level.

Symptoms of the output of the indicator for normal boundaries, the principles of treatment and the forecast.

Features of the figure

The ejection fraction does not depend on the floor of a person.
With age, the physiological decrease in the indicator is noted.
Low FV can be an individual norm, but a value of less than 45% is always considered pathological.
Improving the value of all healthy people with the growth rate of heartbeat and blood pressure.
The rate of indicator during the measurement by radionuclide angiography is considered to be 45-65%.
The measurement is used by the formulas of the Simpson or Teichol, normal values \u200b\u200bdepending on the method used range to 10%.
The critical level of reduction of 35 and less% is a sign of irreversible changes in myocardial tissues.
For children in the first years of life, higher norms are characterized in 60-80%.
The indicator is used to determine the forecast of any cardiovascular disease in patients.

Causes of decline in the indicator

Such violations lead all influences and diseases that have a negative effect on myocardium.

Acute myocardial infarction

Scar Changes Candy Fabric (Cardiosclerosis)

Cheering form of ischemia

Tahi- and Bradiarhythmia

Aneurysm Wall ventricle

Endocarditis (changes on the inner shell)

Pericarditis (heart bag disease)

Congenital disorders of a normal structure or vice (violation of the right location, a significant reduction in the lumen of the aorta, a pathological connection between large vessels)

Aneurysm of any Aorta Department

Aortoarterite (damage to cells of its own immunity of the aorta walls and its branches)

Thromboembolism of lung vessels

Sugar diabetes and impairment of glucose

Hammoreactive adrenal tumors, pancreas (feuhromocytoma, carcinoid)

Stimulating narcotic drugs

Symptoms of lower indicator

The indicator decreases are distributed in the frequency of occurrence from the most frequent to more rare:

significant loss of forces and fatigue from the usual loads;
breathing disorder in terms of increasing frequency, up to the attacks of suffocation;
breathing problems are enhanced in the lying position;
collaptoid states and loss of consciousness;
changes in view (darkening in the eyes, "flies");
pain syndrome in the projection of the heart of various intensity;
the increase in the number of heart abbreviations;
eyefather of the heads and stop;
accumulation of fluid in the chest and abdomen;
gradual increase in the size of the liver;
progressive weight loss;
episodes of concealment and gait;
periodic reduction of sensitivity and active mobility in the limbs;
discomfort, moderate painful syndrome in the projection of the abdomen;
unstable stool;
nausea attacks;
vomiting with blood impurity;
blood in feces.

Treatment while reducing the indicator

The emission fraction is less than 45% - a consequence of changes in the functionality of the heart muscle against the background of the progression of the main disease. The decline in the indicator is a sign of irreversible changes in myocardial tissues, and the possibility of full cure speech no longer comes. All therapeutic measures are aimed at stabilizing pathological changes at their early stage and improving the quality of the patient's life - in late.

The complex of treatment includes:

conducting the correction of the main pathological process;
therapy of lack of left ventricle.

This article is devoted directly to the PV of the left ventricle and the types of its violation, so it will be only about this part of the treatment.