If, a few hours after eating, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea suddenly began, the temperature rose and weakness occurred, then it is likely that food poisoning is taking place. It is necessary not only to be able to recognize the symptoms of ill health, but also to provide first aid in order to reduce the consequences of eating poor-quality food to a minimum.

Causes of food poisoning

In case of non-observance of temperature conditions, storage periods food products they create an environment favorable for the development of pathogenic microflora. Bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella and others, not only actively multiply, but also release toxins as waste products.

When it enters the human digestive tract, such food leads to a malfunction of the gastrointestinal tract with concomitant signs of ill health.

The most common poisoning occurs with low-quality dairy, meat, fish products, pastries with creams, salads with mayonnaise dressing, homemade canned food, as well as poisonous mushrooms and berries.

Types of food poisoning

The classification of food poisoning includes three groups:

Microbial contamination

• toxic infections (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, enterococci, parahemolytic vibrio, etc.)
• bacteriotoxicosis (staphylococcus, botulinum bacillus)
• mycotoxicosis (microscopic fungi)

Non-microbial contamination

• a priori poisoning by poisonous plants and animals;
• poisoning with toxic products formed in food as a result of exposure to certain conditions (solanine in potato tubers under the influence of sunlight)
• chemical substances in food (pesticides, nitrates, food additives)

Bacterial poisoning is not transmitted from a sick person to a healthy person, the route of infection is through food.

Signs of food poisoning

The severity of the poisoning depends on several factors:

• age
• body weight
• health of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract and condition immune system;
• type of causative agent of the disease;
• the amount of spoiled food ingested

As a rule, the first signs of food poisoning appear after 4-5 hours, but in some cases, symptoms may appear within an hour or, conversely, in a day or later.

You can suspect food poisoning by the following signs:

1. Discomfort, pain, cramps in the stomach, intestines;
2. Nausea, vomiting;
3. Bloating, flatulence;
4. Diarrhea (stool has an unpleasant, pungent odor, in the feces - undigested pieces of food);
5. Weakness, dizziness;
6. Clouding of consciousness;
7. Salivation;
8. Tachycardia, shortness of breath

Body temperature may rise.

What to do with food poisoning

First aid for suspected food poisoning should be provided immediately, at home. It includes the following actions, regardless of whether the symptoms are in an adult or a child:

• gastric lavage is necessary to remove poor-quality food and, if possible, toxins from the body. For this purpose, use a solution of baking soda or a slightly colored solution of potassium permanganate. The victim drinks the liquid, and then stimulates repeated vomiting, until the contents become clear, without food impurities;
• The remaining toxins are removed from the body by enterosorbents - substances that have a huge absorbency. These include pills activated carbon, polyphepan, enterosgel;
• due to vomiting and diarrhea, there is a loss of fluid in the body, therefore it is important to restore water balance by drinking plenty of fluids. Along with warm boiled water, you can use rehydron and other drugs, the composition of solutions of which is close to the composition of physiological body fluids. It is important to water the patient in small portions so as not to provoke repeated vomiting;
• with food poisoning, bed rest and rest are shown.

Antipyretic drugs, antispasmodic drugs can be used symptomatically.

At the first sign of food poisoning in a child, you should call ambulance... Self-administration of antibiotics is not permissible: what to take, and in what dosage the doctor should say.

In this video, Dr. Komarovsky highlights the danger of food poisoning for child's body, especially under the age of three. With severe intoxication, loss of consciousness, hallucinations, visual impairment, and orientation may occur. Children need to call an ambulance immediately, there is a high risk of death!

Nutrition for food poisoning

The patient needs a gentle diet that helps restore the body's water-salt balance, does not irritate the inflamed mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines, is easily digestible and nutritious.

What can you eat

• on the second day, in addition to drinking plenty of water, add broth (without meat), vegetable puree (100 g)
• the following shows rice porridge, boiled in water, without adding salt, seasonings, oil (200 g), rice broth, vegetable soup without meat, a few croutons
• vegetable casserole (without adding eggs), broths, boiled fish

• porridge on the water (rice, buckwheat)
• broths (meat, vegetable)
• meat and fish in the form of steamed cutlets
• boiled or baked vegetables
• crackers, unleavened biscuits
• mineral water
• herbal teas

The list of prohibited products includes:

• dairy products without exception
• fatty broths
• raw vegetables
• fruits
• fried meat, fish
• biscuits, pastries, cakes, pastries
• oatmeal, millet, pearl barley porridge
• sausages
• sugary drinks, soda, juices

Prevention of intestinal poisoning

To avoid illness and reduce the likelihood of poisoning, you should:

• pay attention to the expiration date, especially for perishable foods;
• do not take products with improper storage conditions;
• food products that have damaged packaging (dented, torn) should not be purchased;
• refuse to eat foods that have an unpleasant or unusual smell, color, texture;
• sediment in liquid and puree products, gas bubbles, stratification indicate the occurrence of chemical reactions, changes in composition and properties;
• on vacation, excursions, you should be careful to try unfamiliar food, if possible, refuse it if you are not sure of the quality;
• observe personal hygiene, wash hands after using the restroom, outdoors, before eating;
• wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly;
• use separate cutting boards for raw meat, fish, vegetables, bread;
• auditing in the refrigerator and ruthlessly destroying foods that should not be eaten

Now you know what can cause food poisoning, what measures should be taken in the first place, what they eat to restore strength. Treatment is prescribed by a doctor, if necessary, the patient is left in a hospital.

When eating poor-quality food, improper preparation and storage, food poisoning may occur - food toxicoinfection. Low-quality products are understood to be infected with various microorganisms and their toxins. Mushroom poisoning can be distinguished into a separate group.

The most dangerous are products of animal origin (meat, fish, sausages, canned food, milk and products made from it - confectionery with cream, ice cream). Chopped meat - pates, minced meat, jellied meat - becomes especially easily infected.

The first symptoms of food poisoning may appear 2-4 hours after eating (in some cases, even after 30 minutes), or even after 20-26 hours. This largely depends on the type and dose of the toxin and the state of the human immune system.

Typical signs of food poisoning are:

• general malaise
• nausea,
• repeated vomiting,
• cramping abdominal pain
• frequent loose stools
• pallor skin,
• thirst,
• lowering blood pressure,
• increased and weakened heart rate,
• pallor of the skin,
• increased body temperature (chills may appear),
• sometimes convulsions and fainting are possible.

Measures taken at the first sign of poisoning are aimed at maximizing the elimination of toxins from the body and preventing dehydration.

These measures are usually sufficient to cope with the manifestations of food poisoning. But you don't know what exactly caused the attack, and it is impossible to cope with many toxins on your own at home.

Be sure to call an ambulance, if a:

• A child under 3 years old, a pregnant woman or an elderly person was poisoned.
• Poisoning is accompanied by diarrhea more than 10 times a day, indomitable vomiting, or increasing weakness.
• Poisoning is accompanied by uncharacteristic symptoms.

In case of severe poisoning caused by pathogens such as salmonella, shigella, botulism bacillus, etc., the symptoms characteristic of conventional poisoning may be absent.

For example, after ingestion of food contaminated with botulism bacilli, general malaise may appear, headache, dizziness. At the same time, the body temperature is normal, the stomach is swollen, but there is no stool. After a day, signs of severe damage to the central nervous system appear: double vision, prolapse upper eyelid, paralysis of the soft palate. Bloating increases and urinary retention is observed.

Providing first aid in case of botulism bacillus poisoning also boils down to gastric lavage, taking toxin-binding drugs and laxatives. But the most important thing is the introduction of antibotulinic serum, which is possible only in stationary conditions... And, therefore, the most important thing in such poisoning is to deliver the patient to a medical institution on time.

In case of intoxication, it is important to start taking measures as early as possible aimed at removing harmful substances from the body, therefore the question of what drugs can be taken in case of poisoning at home is very relevant.

Why you can get food poisoning

Food intoxication is usually understood as a violation of the functions of organs and systems caused by the ingress of toxins or poisons. By severity there are three types of poisoning: severe, moderate and easy.

The most common pathogens include:

• clostridia perfringens, enters the body as a result of poor-quality processing of meat, poultry, fish;
• golden stophylococcus, actively reproduces at room temperature. The most likely “habitats” are salads, dairy products, cakes, pates, sauces;
• bacillus cereus, all perishable foods that have not been stored at temperatures up to 6 ° C are susceptible.

Particularly dangerous natural and chemical toxins that can cause food poisoning in domestic conditions are contained in poisonous mushrooms and berries, low-quality, expired food products. Poisoning can also be caused by carelessly washed fruits and vegetables that have been previously treated with pesticides used to fertilize plants. Alcohol and surrogates can also be classified in this category. So, there are cases of death from methyl alcohol poisoning. Food chemical intoxication occurs when vinegar enters the stomach.

Symptoms of food poisoning:

1. Bacterial: vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain and colic, diarrhea.
2. Viral: fever, chills, tremors, stomach pains, vomiting, fever.
3. Chemical: increased sweating, dizziness, vomiting, diarrhea, salivation, pain in the eye area.
4. Botulism: the central nervous system is affected, vomiting appears, dry mouth, weakness.

If you suspect food poisoning, you should immediately consult a doctor, especially if it concerns children. However, the possibility of obtaining medical assistance is not always available.

When acute pathology it is necessary to take emergency measures, including gastric lavage, taking sorbent drugs and restoring water-salt balance. The organization of proper dietary nutrition is of great importance. The final stage treatment - restorative procedures that include taking multivitamin complexes... As a rule, recovery occurs within 3-5 days.

The clinical picture of food poisoning

The first symptoms of the disease appear during the first 2-6 hours after eating contaminated or poor-quality food. In case of severe food poisoning clinical signs can develop in the first hours.

Please note that in the case of botulism, the first signs of the disease may develop in 1-2 days.

In case of food poisoning, the following symptoms develop:

• nausea followed by vomiting. Vomit may consist of the remains of the eaten, bile, gastric juice. Vomiting gives temporary relief, but then the nausea returns;
• abdominal pain can be localized in the stomach or be like intestinal colic;
• an increase in body temperature is possible with intestinal infection or with the development of inflammatory complications such as gastritis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis. With salmonellosis, it can rise to 39.5 degrees;
• diarrhea develops in the first hours of the disease. With salmonellosis, the stool is foamy, greenish, and with dysentery, it is watery, streaked with blood. Diarrhea can be accompanied by abdominal cramps. profuse diarrhea leads to a rapid increase in dehydration;
• flatulence and increased passing of gases accompanied by pain in the intestinal region;
• general weakness, dizziness accompany intoxication syndrome. The patient becomes lethargic, drowsy;
• tachycardia (heart palpitations), hypotension (decreased arterial pressure) - signs of toxic effects on the body of food and fluid loss. When poisoning with certain types of mushrooms, an increase in blood pressure is possible. With severe dehydration, the pulse becomes weak, arrhythmic;
• respiratory failure develops with intoxication of the body. The person breathes frequently, superficially, complains of shortness of breath;
• cramps throughout the body, similar to epileptic seizureare characteristic of defeat nervous system toxins. This is possible with intoxication with mushrooms, fish, alcohol;
• impaired consciousness, deep coma - signs of a serious condition of the patient. They develop when acute poisoning, infectious toxic shock.

Note that in young children, the condition worsens faster than in adults. It is very difficult for their body to cope with toxins and loss of fluid, electrolytes.

Why is food poisoning dangerous?

Many people are accustomed to considering food poisoning as a non-dangerous and trivial condition in which they do not need to seek medical help. Indeed, mild poisoning in most cases does not pose a danger to human life, but only the doctor, after examining the patient, can specifically assess the severity of the disease and the patient's condition.

The following are conditions that often develop against a background of severe foodborne toxicity:

• Infectious toxic shock is a condition caused by severe intoxication and profuse loss of fluid. Shock accompanied by disruption of cardio-vascular system, respiration, brain and kidney.
• Acute gastritis develops with severe poisoning of the stomach with toxins. The mucous membrane of this organ becomes inflamed. The patient's temperature rises, the condition worsens.
• Acute pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas. The patient feels unbearable girdle pain in the abdomen, he has indomitable vomiting, blood glucose levels may decrease and bruises on the skin near the navel may appear. The temperature rises above 38 degrees. This condition requires urgent surgical intervention.
• Acute impairment of kidney function is accompanied by a decrease in the amount of urine, edema, and back pain.
• Gastrointestinal bleeding is a complication of food poisoning that often occurs in patients with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer... Black vomiting and stool develops, severe weakness, pallor of the skin, tachycardia.

Cleansing the body

These procedures are necessary, and it is with them that the treatment for food poisoning should begin. The purpose of the manipulations is to help the stomach get rid of food debris that caused intoxication and harmful toxins.

Even if the poisoning is accompanied by severe vomiting, this is not enough to completely cleanse the body.... It will have to be caused naturally with the help of a special solution.

Washing should take place in the following order:

1. Prepare a solution of potassium permanganate (water should be pale pink). In the absence of potassium permanganate, you can use ordinary baking soda (1 tablespoon per 2 liters of boiled water at room temperature).
2. Drink 300-400 ml of solution.
3. Induce vomiting artificially by pressing fingers on the root of the tongue.
4. Repeat the procedure several more times. The number of doses of solution drunk at a time should be at least 500 ml.

Together in the first vomiting, the main part of the food will be released, but gastric lavage can be stopped only when the liquid ejected from the stomach becomes absolutely clean and transparent.

Lack of urge to vomit means that the product that caused the poisoning has moved from the stomach to the intestines... In this case, the washing procedure is already ineffective and meaningless.

Diarrhea, like vomiting, is nothing more than a protective reaction of the body to toxins entering the gastrointestinal tract. Some sufferers make a common mistake of trying to drugs, for example, imodium and its analogs, to stop this phenomenon. It should be understood that diarrhea is the fastest and effective method get rid of harmful substances. The delay in feces will lead to the fact that the processes of absorption of toxic poisons and their decay will continue, therefore, the patient's condition will worsen. The issue of taking antidiarrheal drugs can only be decided by the attending physician.

If the patient does not have diarrhea, you need to cause it with laxatives or enemas. And here folk remediesthat can provoke diarrhea, it is better not to use, so as not to aggravate the course of the disease.

Reception of sorbents

The next step in the treatment of food poisoning is the introduction of sorbent drugs into the body. The action of these funds is aimed at absorbing harmful elementscontained in the stomach, and their speedy excretion.

The most common sorbent used for intoxication is activated carbon. This medicine in the form of standard black tablets can be found in any home medicine cabinet and is an excellent remedy for poisoning. Charcoal should be used in the calculation of one tablet per 10 kilograms of weight. The medicine can be taken in two ways: chew and drink plenty of liquid, or dilute in boiled water.

In case of poisoning, you can also take white activated carbon, available in tablets or powder. It is believed that, unlike black, it removes toxins, but does not affect the beneficial elements found in the body.

Another advantage of the white sorbent is the dosage: 2-3 tablets are enough (depending on the age and individual characteristics of the patient, the degree of poisoning).

• smecta;
• enterosgel;
• lactofiltrum;
• attapulgite;
• polysorb;
• polyphepan.

Data medicines promote the rapid elimination of toxic substances by adsorption. They should be used in the interval between taking other drugs, in the absence of vomiting... Contraindications to taking such drugs include high fever, stomach ulcer. Elderly people and young children should be used with caution, after consulting a doctor.

Restoration of water-salt balance

Vomiting and diarrhea, being a natural reaction of the body to toxins, nevertheless contribute to the elimination of nutrients and fluids. Its volume should be replenished. During illness the patient should drink a lot to maintain water balance... Mineral water without gas is best suited for this purpose.

To maintain electrolyte balance, it is recommended to consume water with a small addition of table salt (not sea salt). The solution is prepared from 1 liter of water and 1 tsp. salt. You should drink at least 2-2.5 liters of salted water per day. In this case, a certain rule must be observed: a glass of water an hour before a meal, after a meal you cannot drink for an hour. Thus, the stomach will be prepared for next appointment food and will begin to properly secrete gastric juice.

To restore the mineral balance, the use of the preparations Rehydron and Oralit is indicated. (contain trace elements, glucose and salt).

In case of poisoning, you can also drink weak sweet black or green tea, a decoction of chamomile or rose hips.

Drug treatment for poisoning

After cleansing the body to restore the intestinal microflora, recovery therapy with probiotics is indicated. Normal intestinal biocenosis after intoxication is almost always impaired, therefore after recovery, it is recommended to take medications containing beneficial bacteria... These include "Hilak Forte", "Linex", "Bionorm", "Bioflor".

If food poisoning is accompanied by fever, antipyretic drugs (ibuprofen, paracetamol) should be taken.

Self-medication is dangerous! Antibiotics, pain relievers, and specific drugs (antiemetic and antidiarrheal drugs, etc.) are prescribed by a doctor!

Therapeutic diet

During the period of acute intoxication, the patient, as a rule, does not feel like eating. However, this does not mean that he should refuse to eat. A weakened body needs strength to fight the disease. Besides the stomach and intestines cannot fully restore the epithelium, without food it is problematic. Of course, neither an adult nor a child who does not want to eat can be forced, but they do not practice hunger specially for medicinal purposes.

During poisoning, you should adhere to a strict dietary diet, since the gastrointestinal tract is defective and cannot cope with large amounts of food.

During the period of poisoning, the following are prohibited:

• fatty, salty, heavy food;
• fermented milk products, including milk;
• products fast food, semi-finished products;
• alcohol;
• sauces, ketchup, mayonnaise;
• fruits, vegetables, raw berries;
• sweet.

You need to eat 5 times a day, in small portions... Food must be cooked or steamed. Fried foods are excluded.

The patient's diet should consist of:

• mashed potatoes in water, without oil;
• boiled rice;
• oatmeal, semolina porridge (on the water);
• chicken meat;
• crackers, biscuits;
• low-fat broth.

Bananas are allowed as nutrient-enriched fruits and diuretic watermelons.

When is hospitalization necessary?

Food poisoning can be successfully treated at home, but in some cases a qualified health care... Hospitalization is indicated for children under the age of three. In babies, treatment of intoxication should be carried out only under the supervision of medical personnel., as diarrhea and vomiting will very quickly lead to dehydration. Little child it is almost impossible to get him to drink, and in the hospital he will be given intravenous rehydration solutions. Also, pregnant women and elderly people are hospitalized.

Treatment in a hospital is indicated for:

• intoxication caused by poisonous plants and fungi;
• severe poisoning;
• diarrhea (more than 10-12 times a day);
• high temperature;
• diarrhea with blood;
• persistent vomiting;
• an increase in the symptoms of the disease;
• bloating;
• loss of consciousness;
• excessive weakness.

For any of these signs, an ambulance should be called immediately.

The rehabilitation period after poisoning

Any poisoning is stressful for all organs and systems. It is important to know what to do after poisoning. When you leave the hospital, the doctor will give you advice on proper nutrition and outpatient treatment.

In the first 2 weeks, the patient should adhere to a diet., give up smoking, drinking alcohol, fried, smoked, fatty and spicy.

To restore the intestinal microflora, probiotics are prescribed - preparations that contain beneficial bacteria. In the event of complications (gastritis, cholecystitis), they are treated.

Traditional treatments for food poisoning

Nobody canceled folk methods of combating intoxication, however they should be resorted to after consulting a doctor and only with a mild degree of poisoning.

Infusion of cinnamon

Cinnamon is a natural antispasmodic and natural absorbent. Cinnamon infusion is prepared as follows: pour a pinch of dried and crushed bark with 250 ml of hot water, let it brew for 15-20 minutes. Drink the strained broth during the day in small doses. The recommended volume is 1.5 liters.

Decoction of yarrow and wormwood

Medicinal plants that effectively cleanse the stomach of toxins, brew 1 tablespoon, pour a liter of boiling water. Let it brew for 15 minutes, drain. Divide the broth into 5 equal parts, drink during the day.

You can use all types of plants - roots, flowers, leaves, as they contribute to a speedy recovery. Marshmallow (1 teaspoon of roots or 2 tablespoons of flowers and leaves) pour a glass of boiling water, leave for 4 hours. Drink 3 times a day. You can add half a teaspoon of honey.

Dill broth with honey

Honey contributes to the retention of potassium, which is excreted during diarrhea and vomiting... Dill reduces abdominal pain, eases the course of vomiting, and promotes the early elimination of toxins. Brew a teaspoon of dill seeds with 1.5 cups of boiling water, boil for 3 minutes. Cool, strain, add a teaspoon of beekeeping product to the warm broth. In case of food poisoning at home, the infusion should be taken at least 1 liter per day.

How to avoid food poisoning

Preventive measures that prevent intoxication are reduced to the observance of the necessary hygiene procedures, the use of only high-quality products in food, the correct shelf life.

1. Practice good personal hygiene.
2. Thoroughly process vegetables and fruits.
3. Do not buy products with damaged airtight packaging.
4. Do not eat expired food.
5. Do not hesitate to throw away cloudy drinks with sediment, products with unpleasant odor and taste, as well as ready-made meals that have stood in the refrigerator for more than three days.
6. Eat only those mushrooms and berries in which you are confident.
7. Observe the heat treatment rules when preparing food.
8. Pre-boil homemade milk.
9. Drink boiled water.
10. Destroy cockroaches, flies, rodents in your home - they are carriers of bacteria.
11. Store raw and cooked meats on separate shelves in the refrigerator.

Follow these simple precautions, and you will never face food poisoning.

Food poisoning is very common among adults and children, especially during the hot season. The source of the disease is poor-quality or stale foods that a person has eaten. Such intoxication develops very quickly and is exhausting. human body ... To minimize unpleasant consequences, it is necessary that the actions in case of food poisoning be coordinated and clear.

The first signs of food poisoning

Any food poisoning manifests itself with similar symptoms, so it is not difficult to recognize such intoxication:

1. The person feels severe weakness and general malaise.
2. Disturbed by nausea, which quickly develops into indomitable vomiting.
3. Diarrhea develops. The stool is watery, offensive, sometimes with mucus and blood.
4. The temperature rises... This condition is accompanied by severe chills and a feeling of pressure on the skull.
5. Blood pressure drops, the person sweats a lot.

Help with food poisoning

All actions aimed at providing first aid for food poisoning are divided into several successive stages.

Gastric lavage

The first step in food intoxication is gastric lavage.... It is washed with a large volume of liquid. For the procedure, you can use the following solutions:

• soda solution - a teaspoon without a mountain per liter of boiled water;
• salt solution - a full teaspoon per liter of clean water;
• slightly pinkish solution of potassium permanganate. Manganese is diluted in a small amount of water, and then added to the total volume for gastric lavage. This prevents burns of the mucous membrane with undissolved crystals.

The procedure is carried out until the waste water is clean., no food debris.

Flushing is indicated even if there is vomiting. The gastric mucosa must be well cleaned.

Adsorbents

After gagging has become less frequent, give any adsorbents that are at hand... It can be atoxil, enterosgel, polysorb, smectite or activated carbon at the rate of 1 tablet per 10 kg of body weight. It is more convenient for children to give more modern sorbents, since the required volume of activated carbon will be difficult for a child to swallow. If, after taking these drugs, vomiting again resumes, the reception is repeated at the same dosage.

Adsorbents neutralize the harmful effects of toxins and promote their gentle elimination from the body.

Cleansing enema

Cleansing the intestines with an enema is necessary to prevent the absorption of toxins into the mucous membraneand from there into the bloodstream. For a cleansing enema, you can use different liquids:

• Starch water - a teaspoon of potato starch is brewed in one liter of water. Such a liquid envelops the intestinal wall well.
• Chamomile decoction - a tablespoon of chamomile is poured into a liter of water, brought to a boil, insisted for 20 minutes and used as directed. The solution has an anti-inflammatory effect.
• A solution of salt or soda - 0.5 teaspoon of this or that substance is dissolved in a liter of water.

You can use a solution of the pharmaceutical drug Rehydron for a cleansing enema, this remedy helps to cleanse the intestines well and prevents dehydration.

The enema fluid should be at room temperature or slightly warmer. It is unacceptable to use hot water, which will promote the absorption of toxins into the intestinal mucosa.

Normalization of body temperature

Very often, food poisoning occurs with a strong increase in body temperature. This is a protective reaction of the body's immune system against the penetration of pathogens. Prolonged hyperthermia adversely affects organs and systems, therefore, urgent steps must be taken to normalize the temperature.

The patient is given pills containing paracetamol, ibuprofen or nimesulide. The dosage of medicines is standard, as indicated in the instructions for use.

It is not recommended to use antipyretic drugs in syrups, suspensions, or soluble powders. All of these forms of medicine contain flavors, colors, and flavor enhancers that will not work well for an irritated stomach.

Prevention of dehydration

In case of food poisoning, the victim leaves a lot of fluid, which contributes to the development of dehydration and severe intoxication of the body. To prevent dehydration, the patient is often given a drink in small amounts. It can be decoctions of raisins or dried apricots, green apple compote. You can give ordinary clean water, the main thing is that it is without gas... For desoldering, use a rehydron solution. This solution is given with caution, especially for children, it tastes very unpleasant and can provoke vomiting. To replenish fluid in a patient with intoxication, you can use a solution of honey in water, the resulting drink tastes good and allows you to quickly restore electrolyte balance in organism.

Complete rest

The key to a quick recovery from food poisoning is compliance with a calm regimen. The patient is protected from all negative emotions., put in a comfortable bed and cover warmly. You can also draw the curtains on the windows to keep the sunlight from irritating your eyes.

A person with poisoning should lie on his side and constantly be under the supervision of households - this will avoid choking with vomit.

Organization of dietary meals

The quick recovery of a poisoned person is directly related to a properly organized diet. On the first day after the onset of the acute phase of food poisoning, a person is not given food at allonly offer plenty of drinks. For the victim, the day of fasting is not at all critical, at this time he has no time for lunch, especially since there is absolutely no appetite. On the second day after the normalization of the condition, they begin to gradually introduce products:

• The first day - crackers or biscuit biscuits with strong sweet tea. Baked apples of green varieties, you can give mashed ripe bananas.
• The second day - viscous porridge in water with a small addition of salt and sugar. Use oatmeal, buckwheat, rice. Before cooking, you can grind the cereals a little with a blender, then they will boil better and digest faster.
• The third day - the second broths from chicken, veal, rabbit meat. You can cook a low-fat soup without the addition of spices and tomatoes.
• The fourth day - mashed potatoes with a small addition of butter, steam chicken cutlets.

Starting from the fifth day, you can slowly introduce dairy products into the diet - milk, cottage cheese, yoghurts and bifidokefir. Milk is first bred in half with water and porridge and milk soups are boiled. Casseroles are made from cottage cheese.

IN rehabilitation period after poisoning, doctors recommend drinking bifidokefir... This tasty drink allows you not only to quickly recuperate, but also to fill the gastrointestinal tract with useful microflora. You can drink up to one liter of bifidokefir per day.

During the recovery period, it is necessary to take drugs that contain bifidobacteria. They will help to quickly populate the stomach and intestines with beneficial microorganisms.

How to prevent food poisoning

Any disease is easier to prevent than to try to cure later.... This rule is especially true for food intoxication. To protect yourself from poisoning, it is enough to follow basic rules:

1. Do not buy products in spontaneous markets and from hands in places not specified for trade.
2. It is good to thermally process meat and dairy products, fish and eggs.
3. Do not use expired products and products in which the tightness of the package is broken.
4. Cook food once or twice, especially in the summer.
5. Wash your hands often, especially after using the toilet and outside.

By practicing good hygiene, you can protect yourself and your family from severe food poisoning.... But even if a trouble happened and someone in the family was poisoned, you need to pull yourself together and quickly provide emergency assistance.

When eating poor-quality (infected) animal products (meat, fish, sausages, canned meat and fish, milk and products from it - cream, ice cream, etc.), food poisoning occurs - food toxicoinfection.

The disease is caused by the microbes in this product and their waste products - toxins.
Meat, fish can become infected during the life of animals, but most often this occurs during the preparation of food and as a result of improper storage of food. Chopped meat (pâté, jellied meat, minced meat, etc.) is especially easily infected. The first symptoms of the disease appear 2-4 hours after ingestion of the contaminated product. In some cases, the disease can develop over a long period of time - 20-26 hours.

The disease usually begins suddenly: there is general malaise, nausea, repeated vomiting, cramping abdominal pain, frequent loose stools, sometimes mixed with mucus and blood streaks. Intoxication is rapidly increasing, manifested by a decrease in blood pressure, increased and weakened heart rate, pallor of the skin, thirst, high temperature (38-40 ° C).
If the patient is left without help, cardiovascular failure develops catastrophically rapidly, muscle contractions occur, collapse and death occur.

First aid.

First aid is:

• In immediate gastric lavage with water using a gastric tube or by inducing artificial vomiting - drinking plenty of warm water (1.5-2 liters), followed by irritation of the tongue root. It should be rinsed to "clean water". Drinking plenty of fluids is also necessary with self-vomiting.
• For the prompt removal of infected products from the intestines, the patient must be given carbolene ("stomach" charcoal) and a laxative (25 g of a saline laxative in half a glass of water or 30 ml of castor oil).
• It is forbidden to take any food (within 1-2 days), but an abundant drink is prescribed. In the acute period (after gastric lavage), hot tea or coffee is indicated.
• The patient must be warmed up by putting heating pads (to the legs, arms).
• It promotes recovery by ingestion of sulfonamides (sulgin, phthalazol 0.5 g 4-6 times a day) or antibiotics (chloramphenicol 0.5 g 4-6 times a day, chloro-tetracycline hydrochloride (300,000 IU 4 times a day) 2-3 days).
• The patient's feces and vomit must be disinfected directly in the vessel (mixing with dry bleach). An ambulance should be called to the victim or taken to a medical facility.

All persons who have eaten suspicious foods should be monitored for 1-2 days and, if they have similar symptoms, be hospitalized.

Mushroom poisoning.

Mushroom poisoning can occur when taking poisonous mushrooms (red or gray fly agaric, false honey agaric, pale toadstool, false champignon, etc.), as well as edible mushrooms if they are spoiled (moldy, covered with mucus, stored for a long time). The most poisonous is the pale toadstool - fatal poisoning can occur with the intake of even one mushroom. It should be remembered that boiling does not destroy the poisonous substances found in the mushrooms.

The first signs of poisoning are noticeable after a few hours (11 / 2-3 hours). Against the background of rapidly growing weakness, drooling, nausea, repeated excruciating vomiting, severe colicky abdominal pain, headache, and dizziness appear. Soon, diarrhea (often bloody) and symptoms of damage to the nervous system occur: visual disturbances, delirium, hallucinations, motor agitation, convulsions.

In severe poisoning, especially with a pale toadstool, excitement occurs rather quickly (after 6-10 hours); it is replaced by drowsiness, indifference. During this period, cardiac activity sharply weakens, blood pressure, body temperature decrease, jaundice appears. If the patient is not helped, then a collapse develops, quickly leading to death.

First aid for mushroom poisoning often plays a decisive role in saving the patient.

• It is necessary to immediately start gastric lavage with water, preferably a weak (pink) solution of potassium permanganate using a probe or by artificially induced vomiting.
• It is useful to add adsorbents to the solution: activated carbon, carbolene.
• Then they give a laxative ( castor oil and a saline laxative), cleansing enemas are given several times.
• After these procedures, the patient must be warmly covered and overlaid with heating pads, given hot sweet tea and coffee to drink.
• The patient should be taken to medical institution, where he will be provided with the medical assistance that all these patients need.

Botulism.

Botulism- spicy infection, in which the central nervous system is damaged by toxins secreted by the anaerobic spore-bearing bacillus. Botulism refers to foodborne infections, since poisoning occurs when you ingest food contaminated with this bacillus.

Most often, botulism infects foods that are cooked without sufficient hot processing: jerky and smoked meat and fish, sausages, old meat, fish, canned vegetables. The period from ingestion of contaminated food to the appearance of the first signs of the disease is often short - 12-24 hours; but in some cases it can be lengthened up to several days.

The disease begins with headache, general malaise, dizziness. There is no stool, the stomach is swollen. The body temperature remains normal. The condition worsens, a day after the onset of the disease, signs of severe damage to the central nervous system appear: double vision, strabismus, drooping of the upper eyelid, paralysis of the soft palate - the voice becomes indistinct, the act of swallowing is disturbed. Abdominal distension increases, and urinary retention is observed. The disease progresses rapidly and the patient is within the first 5 days dies of paralysis of the respiratory center and heart weakness.

First aid is similar to that for other food poisoning:

• Gastric lavage with a weak solution of sodium bicarbonate, potassium permanganate with the addition of adsorbents - activated carbon, carbolene,
• Laxatives, cleansing enemas,
• Abundant hot drink (tea, milk).
• It is necessary to know that the main method of treatment is the prompt administration of specific antibotulinic serum to the patient, therefore, the patient with botulism must be immediately taken to the hospital.