Open wounds to the head. What to do if a child has cut his head

Head - Caput

The victim was hit on the head with a heavy blunt object. In the area of \u200b\u200binjury, in the fronto-parietal region, a wound with uneven edges 4 cm long, bleeds. Crushed non-viable tissue around the wound. The bones of the skull are intact to the touch.

DS. Contused wound of the frontal-parietal region on the right.

Vulnus contusum regionis frontoparietalis dextrae.

Pain in the cheek area, worse when chewing. According to the victim, three days ago there was a small abrasion on his cheek. No primary processing no wounds were produced. Redness with indistinct contours and measuring 3 by 4 cm on right cheek... The cheek is swollen, swollen, hot to the touch. In the center of the purple-red infiltrate there is a small wound under the crust, scanty discharge of a purulent nature.

DS. An infected wound on the right cheek.

Vulnus infectum regionis buccalis dextrae.

Complaints of pain in the left ear lobe. An earring was pulled out of the victim's left ear. On the left earlobe, a through lacerated wound about 1 cm long with uneven edges, directed vertically downward. There is little bleeding.

DS. Laceration of the left earlobe.

Vulnus laceratum lobuli auris sinistri.

Male 23 years old.
Complaints of pain, swelling, burning sensation in the left auricle.

According to the patient, during sleep, the playing dog bit his ear. The dog is home, well-groomed, all vaccinations are made on time, documents for the dog and vaccinations are available. Before the arrival of the ambulance brigade, he independently treated the wound with 3% hydrogen peroxide.
When viewed on the inner surface of the left auricle, a bitten wound, edges are even, d \u003d 0.2 x 0.5 cm, does not bleed; the ear wound is swollen, hyperemic. Painful on palpation. Hearing acuity is not impaired.

Ds. Bitten wound of the left auricle.

Vulnus morsum auriculae sinistrae.

Wound treatment with 3% hydrogen peroxide. Treatment of the edges of the wound with tincture of iodine. Adhesive bandage.

The victim fell while ice skating. In the fall, he injured his lower lip. On external examination, the red border of the lower lip is dissected in the middle of its length. The wound has a vertical direction with rough edges about 1 cm long, bleeds moderately.

DS. Contused wound of the lower lip.

Vulnus contusum labii inferioris.

The victim was chopping a metal plate with a chisel. The left eyebrow was cut with a splinter. The wound has an oblique direction and is located closer to the bridge of the nose, bleeds moderately. The length of the wound is about 1.5 cm, the edges are uneven. The bone is intact to the touch.

DS. Contused wound of the left eyebrow.

Vulnus contusum supercilii sinistri .

The victim was chopping wood, a large chip broke off and hit on the forehead. I didn't lose consciousness. On the forehead there is a moderately bleeding wound about 3 cm long, the edges are uneven. Around the wound there is a zone of necrosis. The frontal bone is intact to the touch. General state the patient is satisfactory.

DS. Contused wound of the frontal region.

Vulnus contusum regionis frontalis.

While working on the machine, the victim's hair was wrapped around the rotating shaft of the machine, and the skin was torn from the parieto-occipital region of the head. In the left parieto-occipital region, a detached skin flap 5 by 8 cm in size is oval in shape with uneven edges, it is kept only in the forehead. The wound surface bleeds profusely. The victim is agitated, crying.

DS. Scalped head wound.

Vulnus panniculatum capitis.

Male 47 years old. Complaints about headache, dizziness, chest pain on breathing and movement. Chronic diseases are denied. According to the man, about an hour ago, he opened the front door to the bell and was beaten at his home by two unknown persons. He cannot say for sure whether he lost consciousness or not. I have been drinking alcohol for the last three days. Urination and stool - b / o.

Consciousness is clear. 130/80 mm. Heart rate \u003d 80 per minute. BH \u003d 18 per minute. Normal color leather. Breathing is vesicular, weakened. Spares the chest when breathing. Visually - swelling of the face, numerous hematomas, hematoma of the right paraorbital region. Deformation and swelling in the area of \u200b\u200bthe bridge of the nose, back of the nose, pain on palpation. Sharp pain on palpation of the 5th and 6th ribs on the left along the anterior axillary line. Crepitation is not detected. Signs of alcohol intoxication: smell of alcohol from the mouth, unsteadiness of gait.

Ds.CCMT. Brain concussion? Contusions of the soft tissues of the head. Closed fracture bones of the nose? Closed fracture of the left 5-6 rib?

Trauma craniocerebrale clausum. Commotio cerebri? Contusiones textuum mollium capitis. Fractura ossium nasi clausa. Fractura costarum V-VI (quintae et sextae) sinistrarum?

Sol. Dolaci 3% - 1 ml i.v.

Sol.Natrii chloridi 0,9% - 10 ml

Transportation to the trauma center.

Reported to local police station.

Neck - Collum

The victim was stabbed in the right half of the neck. The skin is pale, lying on the ground, inhibited. In the area of \u200b\u200bthe sternocleidomastoid muscle on the right (approximately in the middle of its length) there is a deep wound about 1.5 cm long, from which scarlet blood is rhythmically ejected. Frequent pulse of weak filling. Breathing is shallow and frequent.

DS. Stab and cut wound of the lateral surface of the neck with a wound carotid artery and bleeding.

Vulnus punctoincisivum faciei lateralis colli et laesio traumatica arteriae carotis cum haemorrhagia.

Complaints of pain in the upper half of the neck, difficulty in swallowing and breathing. The victim (a young girl) made an unsuccessful suicide attempt. I tried to hang myself.

On external examination of the neck, a purple-cyanotic bruise is visible - a trace from the rope. The neck is swollen, edematous, palpation of the injury site is painful. The patient is conscious. Pulse is frequent, weak filling, breathing is shallow, frequent.

DS. Closed damage to the soft tissues of the neck. Suicidal attempt.

Laesio traumatica textuum mollium colli clausa. Tentamen suicidii.

Complaints of pain when swallowing. The victim in the fight was hit with a sharp object (wide screwdriver) in the neck. On external examination, on the anterior surface of the neck on the left, behind the thyroid cartilage, there is an oval wound about 1 cm long with uneven edges. The wound bleeds moderately. When swallowing, saliva and food are released from the wound. Breathing is normal, through the nose. There is no subcutaneous emphysema.

DS. Stab and laceration of the neck with damage to the esophagus.

Vulnus punctolaceratum colli cum laesione traumatica oesophagi.

Upper limb. Brush. Forearm. Shoulder. - Extremitas superior. Manus. Antebrachium. Brachium.

The victim complains of pain in the right hand. The injury occurred at work: a metal piece fell on the back of the hand.

On the dorsum of the right hand there is a subcutaneous purple-cyanotic hematoma of a rounded shape measuring 4 by 5 cm. Due to swelling, he cannot completely clench his fingers into a fist. The skin in the area of \u200b\u200binjury is not damaged. The fluctuation is determined.

DS. Contusion of the dorsum of the right hand.

Contusio faciei dorsalis manus dextrae.

The victim complains of pain in the area of \u200b\u200bthe left hand. The patient was hit hard on the palm with a heavy blunt object. On examination, the palmar surface of the left hand is edematous, painful to touch, fingers in a bent position, movements are limited. Cannot make a full fist. The skin of the hand is not damaged.

DS. Contusion of the palmar surface of the left hand.

Contusio faciei anterioris manus sinistrae.

The victim complained of a feeling of compression and pain in the fourth finger of the left hand. Asks to remove the ring from the finger, which causes great inconvenience.

On the main phalanx of the fourth finger of the left hand, a metal ring is tightly put on. Below the ring, the finger is swollen, somewhat bluish. Due to edema, movement is limited. The sensitivity is fully preserved.

DS. Compression by a foreign object (ring) 4 fingers of the left hand.

Compressio digiti quarti manus sinistrae per corporem alienum (per anulum).

The victim hammered a nail into the wall and hit the nail phalanx of the second finger of the left hand with a hammer.

The nail phalanx of the second toe is edematous, painful to touch. In the center of the nail plate there is a subungual hematoma of purple-cyanotic color, oval in size, about 1 cm in size. The nail does not peel off.

DS. Subungual hematoma of the second finger of the left hand.

Haematoma subunguinalis digiti secundi manus sinistrae.

A teenager in a physical education class at school hit a sports equipment with his right hand. On the dorsum of the middle phalanx of the 3rd finger of the right hand, there is a subcutaneous hematoma. The toe is swollen, painful to feel. Flexion is limited. The skin is not damaged. Finger axis loading is painless.

DS... Middle phalanx contusion III finger of the right hand.

Contusio phalangis medialis digiti tertii manus dextrae.

Locksmith tidied up workplace... Damaged the right hand with technical debris (shavings, small glass fragments). The skin of the right hand is stained with fuel oil and oil paint. On the palmar surface, there are many small abrasions and wounds. Bleeding from them is insignificant.

DS... Multiple wounds and abrasions on the right hand.

Vulnera multiplices et excoriationes manus dextrae.

The victim was cut by a shard of broken window glass. On the dorsum of the right hand, there is a shallow wound about 4 cm long with smooth edges, bleeding moderately. Sensitivity and motor function of the fingers of the injured hand are preserved.

DS. Cut wound the back of the right hand.

Vulnus incisivum faciei dorsalis manus dextrae.

The victim in the fight was stabbed. The dorsum of the left hand is damaged. At external examination and the dorsum of the hand in the areaII the metacarpal bone has a cut wound about 1.5 cm long. In the depth of the wound, the peripheral end of the transected tendon is visible. The wound bleeds moderately.II the finger is bent. The patient cannot unbend it on his own.

DS... Extension tendon injury II finger of the left hand.

Laesio tendinis musculi extensoris digiti secundi manus sinistrae.

The victim received a sharp blow from the opening door on the straightened tense fingers of her left hand. As a result, the nail phalanxIII finger sharply bent and seemed to "hang". On the back surfaceIII left hand finger in the distal interphalangeal joint there is a slight swelling, moderately painful on palpation. The nail phalanx is bent and does not unbend on its own. Passive movements are saved.

DS... Extensor tendon rupture III finger of the left hand.

Ruptura tendinis musculi extensoris digiti tertii manus sinistrae.

The young victim worked with a barefoot shovel in the garden. As a result of prolonged friction of the shovel handle on the palmar surface, a callus was formed on the right hand. On the palm of the hand, the surface layer of the skin peeled off and a tense red bubble, about 2 cm in size, filled with liquid, formed under it. The bladder is not opened, palpation is painful.

DS... Callus of the palmar surface of the right hand.

Clavus faciei palmaris manus dextrae.

The victim, defending himself from the knife blow, grabbed the knife with his right hand by the blade. The attacker forcefully pulled him out of the victim's hand. As a result, a deep wound was formed on the palmar surface of the right hand.

On the palmar surface there is a deep transverse wound 4 cm long with smooth edges and severe bleeding. Deep in the wound, in the areaIII finger, the peripheral end of the tendon is visible, there is no central end in the wound.III the finger is unbent and there are no active flexion of the terminal and middle phalanges. With passive flexion, the finger unbends itself again. The sensitivity is preserved.

DS... Dissection of the superficial and deep flexor tendon III finger of the right hand.

Dissecatio tendinum superficialis et profundae flexoris digiti tertii manus dextrae.

According to the mother, the child fell on an outstretched hand, while the hand turned inward. Pain in the left wrist joint worries. On external examination, there is edema of the dorsum of the wrist joint, severe pain when flexing the hand. The forearm axis is painless. On palpation of the wrist, the child feels pain.

DS... Sprain of the ligaments of the left wrist joint.

Distorsio articulationis radiocarpalis sinistrae.

The victim injured the back of his forearm with a shard of broken glass when he was removing the window frame.

On the dorsum of the lower third of the left forearm there is a wound with smooth edges and moderate bleeding, 5 cm long. The sensitivity and motor function of the fingers are fully preserved.

DS... An incised wound on the dorsum of the left forearm.

Vulnus incisivum faciei dorsalis antebrachii sinistri.

An 18-year-old victim with the intention of committing suicide inflicted a wound on the flexor surface of her left forearm with a blade.

The condition is satisfactory, the consciousness is clear. The skin is pale. Heart rate 85 per minute. Pulse of weak filling. BP 90/50 mm Hg In the lower third of the left forearm there is a cut wound located across, about 4 cm long with even edges. The wound gapes wide, dark red blood slowly flowing out of it in a continuous stream. Several parallel superficial skin abrasions near the wound.

DS... A cut wound in the left forearm with venous bleeding, signs of acute anemia.

Vulnus incisivum antebrachii sinistri cum haemorrhagia venosa, signa anemiae acutae.

During the felling of firewood, an ax fell off the victim's ax and cut his left forearm with a sharp point. On external examination, on the front surface of the left forearm, in the middle third, there is a deep chopped wound directed across the forearm about 4 cm long, with smooth edges. The wound gapes wide and bleeds profusely. The hand is in an extended position, there are no active flexion movements. In the depths of the wound, the ends of the dissected muscle are determined - the radial flexor of the wrist.

DS... Chopped wound of the left forearm with damage to the flexor muscle of the wrist.

Vulnus scissum antebrachii sinistri cum laesione traumatica musculi flexoris carpi radialis.

A teenager, while rollerblading behind a truck, fell to the asphalt with his left hand outstretched. The blow fell on the forearm. There is a large, jagged wound in the middle third of the left forearm. The skin on the palmar surface of the forearm is flayed. In some places, the skin flaps are separated from the underlying tissue and hang down, part of the skin is lost.

DS... Patchwork wound of the middle third of the left forearm.

Vulnus panniculatum tertiae medialis antebrachii sinistri.

Schoolboy 14 years old tried to stroke stray dog, she bit him and ran away. When examining the right forearm, there are several deep, irregularly shaped wounds with dental prints on the dorsum in the lower third. The wounds are contaminated with animal saliva, bleed moderately.

DS... Bite wound of the right forearm.

Vulnus morsum antebrachii dextri.

When a young woman attempted suicide, she stuck one branch of the scissors into the left cubital fossa, and closed the other branch. Thus, she cut the vessels in the cubital fossa. Soon, a neighbor in a communal apartment provided assistance to the victim: she put a dense roller in the cubital fossa and flexed her arm as much as possible, called an emergency medical service. In the left ulnar fossa there is a stab and cut wound about 2 cm long, with smooth edges. Blood flows out of the wound in a pulsating stream of bright red color. The patient is pale, covered with cold sweat, indifferent to the environment, complains of dizziness and dry mouth. The pulse is fast, weak filling, blood pressure is below normal.

DS... Stab and cut wound of the left ulnar fossa with arterial bleeding and acute anemia.

Vulnus punctoincisum fossae cubitalis cum haemorrhagia arteriale et anemia acuta.

The victim, 18 years old, was bitten by a tick in her right forearm during field work. Objectively: on the front surface of the middle third of the right forearm, the head and chest of the tick are firmly embedded in the skin, and the abdomen, filled with blood, protrudes outward. The skin around the tick is slightly hyperemic, the wound is slightly painful.

DS... Tick \u200b\u200bbite on the right forearm.

Punctum acari antebrachii dextri.

The man was shot from a pistol from a distance of about 20 meters. The right hand is damaged. Delivered to the hospital trauma department. When examining the right hand on the palmar surface, there is a through gunshot wound. The entrance wound is funnel-shaped concave and is located in the area of \u200b\u200bthe hypotenar; the exit wound is in the area of \u200b\u200bthe base of 1 toe, the edges are inverted, uneven, bleeding moderately. The motor and sensory function of 1 and 5 fingers is impaired. The bones are intact.

DS... A through gunshot wound to the soft tissues of the palmar surface of the right hand.

Vulnus sclopetarium bifore textuum mollium faciei palmaris manus dextrae.

The young man hit a hard object with his left shoulder during an accident. One hour after the injury, the victim went to the emergency room. Objectively: in the area of \u200b\u200bthe left deltoid muscle there is a wound with uneven, crushed edges, about 5 cm long. Moderate bleeding. Around the wound, non-viable tissues are a zone of necrosis of a purple-cyanotic color. The motor and sensory functions of the shoulder joint are fully preserved. The wound is heavily soiled with dirt and scraps of clothing.

DS... Contused wound of the left shoulder joint.

Vulnus contusum regionis articulationis humeri sinistrae.

Chest - Thorax

The teenager received a blow to the chest with a heavy blunt object. I went to the emergency room. On external examination on the chest on the right in the areaV, VI and VII of the ribs along the stadinoclavicular line, swelling and a small subcutaneous hematoma are determined. Palpation of this area is painful, no crepitus. Raising the right arm and lateral bending of the trunk are not painful. Deep breaths are painful, but possible.

DS... Right side contusion chest.

Contusio dimidii dextri thoracis.

The victim was sitting on the windowsill, was injured by a large shard of broken window glass. Objectively: there is a shallow wound about 5 cm long with smooth edges on the back below the left scapula, bleeding moderately. The bottom of the wound is subcutaneous fatty tissue.

DS... Incision wound in the left subscapular region.

Vulnus incisivum regionis subscapularis sinistri.

A young man is taken to the trauma department of the hospital with gunshot wound the right half of the chest. Objectively: on the anterior chest wall in the region of 6-7 ribs on the right along the midclavicular line, there is an entrance hole of a gunshot wound with funnel-shaped retracted edges. On the back, slightly below the inferior angle of the right scapula, there is a second, much larger wound (exit hole). The condition is serious. The wounded man is restless, pale, cyanotic. Complains of cough, chest pain. Respiration is frequent, shallow. The blood pressure is lowered, the pulse is frequent. Through the wounds (entrance and exit), bloody blisters are released. When inhaling, air passes through them with a characteristic whistling sound. Breathing on the injured side is not detected. The victim has severe respiratory failure.

DS... A through gunshot wound to the right half of the chest. Open pneumothorax.

Vulnus sclopetarium bifore dimidii dextri thoracis. Pneumothorax apertus.

The young man was stabbed in the chest. When examining the chest on the left along the anterior axillary line between the 5th and 6th ribs, there is a small stab-cut wound about 1.5 cm long. Due to the retraction of the pectoral muscles, the external wound is closed. There is no further intake of air through the wound into the pleural cavity. The patient has shortness of breath, slight cyanosis. On auscultation, the breathing sounds on the left are significantly weakened, percussion here is determined by the tympanic sound.

DS... Penetrating wound of the left side of the chest. Closed pneumothorax.

Vulnus penetrans dimidii sinistri thoracis. Pneumothorax clausus.

While unloading scrap metal, he was hit in the side by a heavy metal blank. Complaints of pain at the site of injury, thirst, vomiting. In the area of \u200b\u200bthe right hypochondrium, subcutaneous hemorrhages are visible. Muscular defense in the upper abdomen on the right. The skin is pale, blood pressure is low. Respiration is frequent, shallow, tachycardia. The abdomen is swollen, Shchetkin's symptom in the right hypochondrium is positive. Percussion is determined by an increase in the liver.

DS. Blunt chest trauma with liver damage.

Trauma obtusum thoracis cum laesione traumatica hepatis.

A man in a quarry was covered with sand. Was under the rubble for about 30 minutes. The chest was squeezed. Delivered to the Department of Thoracic Surgery. The patient is inhibited. Complains of chest pain, tinnitus, impaired vision and hearing. The skin of the upper half of the chest, head and neck is bright red with multiple punctate hemorrhages. On auscultation, a large number of wet rales are detected in the lungs.

DS... Compression of the chest. Traumatic asphyxia.

Compressio thoracis. Asphyxia traumatica.

A 20-year-old victim was stabbed in the back in a street fight.

On external examination in the region of the IV thoracic vertebra, a stab and cut wound, from which, along with blood, flows out and cerebrospinal fluid... There is a spastic paralysis of the right lower limb with a loss of deep and partly tactile sensitivity. On the left side, severe pain and temperature anesthesia developed below the level of the wound.

DS. Stab and cut wound thoracic spine with spinal cord injury.

Vulnus punctoincisivum partis thoracalis columnae vertebralis cum laesione medullae spinalis.

A middle-aged man was dismantling an old house, and the ceiling collapsed on it. Large pieces of planks, bars, earth fell on his back and crushed the victim.

On external examination of the back, there is a subcutaneous hematoma located along the spinous processes of the 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 thoracic vertebrae. Palpation of the area of \u200b\u200binjury is painful. There are no obvious signs of a spinal fracture. Neurological symptoms absent. The patient was hospitalized for observation. By the end of the first day, the state of health gradually began to deteriorate. Girdle radicular pains appeared. Then, conduction disorders began to develop (paresis, turning into paralysis, hypesthesia, anesthesia, urinary retention). Later, bedsores and ascending cystopyelonephritis, congestive pneumonia appeared.

DS. Compression of the spinal cord by an epidural hematoma in the thoracic spine.

Compressio medullae spinalis haematomate epidurale in partem thoracicam columnae vertebralis.

Belly - Abdomen

The patient was taken to the clinic with abdominal trauma. Complaints of pain in the area of \u200b\u200binjury and vomiting of blood. On external examination in the epigastric region, a large wound gapes with a loss of the loop small intestine, part of the omentum and part of the damaged stomach wall.

DS. Penetrating wound of the anterior abdominal wall with emergence and injury to the stomach.

Vulnus parietis anterioris abdominis penetrans cum eventeratione et vulneratione traumatica ventriculi.

A 60-year-old man was brought to the abdominal surgery clinic, who, according to bystanders, fell from the balcony of the third floor. The patient is unconscious skin pale. The pulse is fast, threadlike, blood pressure 70/50 mm Hg. Art. Breathing is shallow and frequent. The number of erythrocytes and the amount of hemoglobin are significantly reduced. In the operating room, the patient received 1000 ml of one-group blood. BP increased to 90/60 mm Hg. Art. The patient regained consciousness and began to complain of severe abdominal pain. After 20 minutes, the blood pressure dropped again, and the victim lost consciousness. The volume of the abdomen increased markedly. Fluctuation is determined between the palms placed on the lateral surfaces of the abdomen.

DS... Rupture of the spleen, rupture of the mesenteric vessels. Traumatic shock.

Raptura lienis, ruptura vasorum mesentericorum. Afflictus traumaticus.

Delivered to the clinic of abdominal surgery after an accident. Disturbed by severe pain throughout the abdomen. On examination, a bruised wound was found on the anterior abdominal wall to the right of the navel. The patient lies motionless on his side with his knees pulled up to the abdomen, does not allow touching the abdominal wall. Touching increases the pain, and light pressure sharply tightens the abdominal muscles. On palpation, the abdomen is board-like tense. Symptom Shchetkin-Blumberg positive. Auscultatory peristalsis is not determined. There is no stool, gases do not go away, little urine is released. The patient is tormented frequent vomiting... He periodically loses consciousness, does not respond to others, and is reluctant to answer questions. Respiration is frequent, shallow. Pulse of small filling, frequent. Tongue dry, coated with white bloom. Body temperature 38.5 C.

DS... Penetrating wound of the abdomen. Small intestine rupture. Spilled peritonitis.

Vulnus abdominis penetrans.Ruptura intestini tenuae. Peritonitis diffusa.

The patient was taken to the clinic with a gunshot wound to the right hypochondrium. On the anterior abdominal wall in the right hypochondrium there is a gunshot wound with uneven funnel-shaped retracted edges. Blood and bile are excreted abundantly from the wound. Defence in the right hypochondrium and a positive Shchetkin-Blumberg symptom are determined. The belly is swollen. Blood pressure is low, pulse is threadlike, frequent. The skin is pale

DS. A gunshot wound to the abdomen with damage to the liver and bile ducts.

Vulnus abdominis sclopetarium cum laesione hepatis et ductuum choledochorum.

The policeman was stabbed in the stomach during the arrest of the criminal. On examination, the abdomen participates in the act of breathing. On the front wall of the abdomen there is a stab and cut wound about 2 cm long, 3 cm to the left of the umbilical ring. There is a slight swelling in the area of \u200b\u200bthe wound, palpation of the abdomen is painful only at the site of injury. The tension of the abdominal muscles is determined only within the wound. Peritoneal symptoms, vomiting, flatulence, increased heart rate are absent. Body temperature is normal.

DS... Stab and cut wound of the anterior abdominal wall.

Vulnus punctoincisivum parietis anterioris abdominis.

Loin - Regio lumbalis

The young man was taken to the urology department. According to the victim, he was kicked in the lumbar region. The injury resulted in severe back pain. When viewed in the lumbar region on the right, there is swelling, subcutaneous bruising. The urine is intensely colored with blood (hematuria). Pulse and blood pressure are within normal limits. The patient underwent a survey radiography of the kidneys and excretory urography with intravenous administration of a radiopaque substance.

DS. Closed subcapsular rupture of the right kidney.

Ruptura renis dextri clausa subcapsularis.

The victim was stabbed in the lower back during the fight. Concerned about pain at the site of injury. In the lumbar region to the left of the spine, 5 cm below the 12th rib, there is a stab-cut wound about 2 cm long. There is intense bleeding from the wound. Macrohematuria. There is no urine in the bloody discharge from the wound. The general condition is satisfactory.

DS. Stab and cut wound of the lumbar region with damage to the left kidney.

Vulnus punctoincisivum regionis lumbalis cum laesione traumatica renis sinistri.

Genitals - Organa genitalia

A 35-year-old woman was kicked by her husband in the pubic area. The victim went to the emergency room 2 days after the injury. Complains of pain at the site of injury. Objectively: the pubic region and the right labia majora are edematous. The subcutaneous hematoma is determined by a purple-cyanotic color. Blood fluctuates in the thickness of the bruised tissues. The pelvic bones are intact to the touch. Urination is normal, there is no blood in the urine. The function of the lower extremities is preserved in full.

DS. Contusion of the external genital organs.

Contusio organorum genitaliorum externorum.

Hip - Femur

The young man was stabbed in his right thigh. The victim lies on his right side, under him is a pool of blood. The face is pale, the pulse is frequent, weak filling. Consciousness is preserved. On the front surface of the right thigh, just below the inguinal fold, there is a stab wound, from which scarlet blood is thrown out with pulsating jerks.

DS. Stab and cut wound of the right thigh with arterial bleeding.

Vulnus punctoincisivum femoris dextri cum haemorrhagia arteriale.

Male 47 years old. Complaints of pain in the wound area, heat in the body.

According to the patient, about a day ago he injured his leg on a wooden chair leg. The wound was not treated. Today there are pains in the area of \u200b\u200bthe wound and heat in the body. According to him, he drinks alcohol almost every day (except today). He suffers from epilepsy. She is not receiving treatment for epilepsy. The working blood pressure does not know. He has not been vaccinated against tetanus for 10 years. Vulnus infectiosum tertiae inferioris femoris sinistri. Knee, shin - Genu, crus

An elderly woman suffered a knee injury in the fall. Pain in the knee joint. The right knee joint is increased in volume, its contours are smoothed. On palpation, fluid is determined, the patella balances when pressed. The movement of the right knee joint is somewhat limited and painful. The leg is in a bent position.

DS. Bruise, hemarthrosis of the right knee joint.

Contusio, haemarthrosis articulationis genus dextrae.

A 20-year-old man was injured in freestyle wrestling training. The partner crushed his leg, straightened in the right knee joint with his body. The blow fell on the inner side of the joint. The victim went to the emergency room a day later with complaints of pain in the area of \u200b\u200binjury and instability in the knee joint when walking.

Objectively. The right knee joint is swollen, its contours are smoothed, a bruise is visible on the inside, palpation of the inner femoral condyle is painful. When straightening the leg in the knee joint, there is an excessive deviation of the leg outward and the volume of its external rotation is significantly increased. Flexion and extension in the knee joint is not limited.

DS. Rupture of the inner lateral ligament of the right knee joint.

Ruptura ligamenti collateralis tibialis articulationis genus dextrae.

At the wrestling competition, the young man had a sharp "overextension" in the knee joint. As a result, something cracked in the knee joint, and severe pain appeared. The victim did not seek help, bandaged his knee with an elastic bandage. After 5 days he turned to the trauma department. Worried about instability in the left knee joint when walking. Difficulty climbing stairs. The patient is unable to sit on the left leg. Examination of the left knee joint revealed excessive mobility of the lower leg when it was extended anteriorly in relation to the thigh (symptom of "anterior drawer"). The leg was bent at a right angle at the knee joint and relaxed. On the roentgenogram, the fracture is not detected.

DS. Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament of the left knee joint.

Ruptura ligamenti cruciati anterii articulationis genus sinistrae.

The man, rubbing the floor with a brush worn on his right leg, turned his body abruptly with a fixed shin. After that, I felt a sharp pain in the right knee joint. Concerned about pain in the knee joint, aggravated by going down the stairs. On examination, the right knee joint is edematous, hemarthrosis. Full extension of the knee joint is impossible, since pain appears in its depths. When feeling the joint, local pain is noted at the level of the joint space between the patellar ligaments and the internal lateral ligament of the knee joint. With flexion-extension movements, a clicking sound is heard in the damaged joint. There is no bone damage on the X-ray of the knee. History of psoriasis for many years. Habitual BP 130/80 mm

Objectively: The condition is satisfactory. Consciousness is clear. HELL 140/80 mm. RT Art.

Heart rate \u003d 90 per minute. On the left lower leg in the lower third there is a bandage soaked in blood, above the bandage there is a rubber band. The skin of the foot is bluish. On the skin of the extremities and trunk - psoriatic plaques from 0.5 to 1.5 cm, merging in places. After removing the tourniquet and bandage, dark blood flows out in a thin stream from a small wound on the inner surface of the lower leg.

Ds.Venous bleeding from the left leg.

Haemorrhagia venosa ex crure sinistro.

Help. An aseptic pressure bandage was applied. Transportation to the surgical department.

Ankle, foot - Articulatio talocruralis, pes

While walking, the victim twisted her leg (the high heel got into the crevice, and the right foot twisted inward). There was pain in the area of \u200b\u200bthe external ankle. The victim went to the emergency room. On examination of the right ankle, there is swelling along the outer surface of the foot and below the outer ankle. There is also pain on palpation. The movements in the ankle joint are fully preserved and painful. Palpation of the external ankle is painless.

DS. Stretching of the lateral lateral ligament of the right ankle joint.

Distorsio ligamenti talofibularis anterii dextri.

They can appear as a result of injury upon impact, fall, injury. The victim needs to be given first aid and brought to the traumatology department.

What is a wound

A wound is a violation of the integrity of the skin or mucous membranes. It can be superficial or deep, cut or torn. Regardless of the severity of the lesion, the wound must be carefully treated.

What you need to treat a wound

Prepare:

• alcohol;
• brilliant green or iodine;
• chlorhexidine;
• hydrogen peroxide;
• potassium permanganate;
• package;
• heating pad;
• sterile gauze;
• bandage.

Preparation for the procedure

Before giving first aid, wash your hands thoroughly and treat them with rubbing alcohol or any other alcohol-based liquid to prevent infection from entering the wound. Clean the head wound with a sterile gauze swab. You should not use cotton wool, its particles can remain in the wound, which will provoke additional complications. When the scalp is damaged, you need to trim the hair around at a distance of two centimeters, rinse the damaged area with chlorhexidine, three percent hydrogen peroxide or a weak solution of potassium permanganate.

Around the wound, you need to generously lubricate the skin with alcohol, brilliant green, iodine, a saturated solution of potassium permanganate. It is important to ensure that medicines do not hit the damaged area, as they can cause tissue burns, which will seriously complicate the process of further healing.

When the bleeding doesn't stop

If the blood flow is profuse, you need to independently apply a sterile gauze swab to the wound site. Then apply a pressure bandage. To reduce swelling, pain, stop bleeding, you need to put an ice pack or a heating pad that is full of cold water... Change the heating pad as the water begins to warm up. This is especially true for the warm season, when the journey to the traumatology department takes a long time.

What to do with foreign objects in the wound

Such items, which are deep in the wound, do not need to be removed yourself. It is very dangerous to do this, as the bleeding can intensify. Only a qualified traumatologist or surgeon is able to carry out manipulations to cure foreign objects.

Do not neglect the ambulance

Regardless of the degree of head injury, call an ambulance immediately medical assistance or take the victim to the nearest trauma unit. In the case of a deep wound, there is a danger that the lining of the brain will become inflamed, which sometimes leads to death, therefore even a slight delay in providing specialized medical care can cost the patient his life.

After proper treatment of an open wound, it is left alone for 2 days, then healing ointments can be used.

Anyone has been injured in childhood. These are often cuts.
The victim may not pay attention to the cut wound.

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Adults are injured in everyday life, cut with knives, razors.

Pus lesions

Each person in his life has encountered purulent wounds. Such wounds should be treated 2 times a day.

It is necessary to rinse with an antiseptic. The most suitable substances are chlorhexidine and peroxide.

It is good to use these 2 substances at the same time. You can use a weak solution of potassium permanganate. Then you can process it with brilliant green.

A person consists in laying an ointment, for example:

• Levomikol.
• Levosin.

It is desirable to carry out this procedure in the morning and in the evening. This will get rid of the pus - it will help speed up healing.

It would seem, what can a cut on the skin lead to? The consequences of not paying attention to your body can be costly.

A cut can damage a vessel or nerve.

If a fresh wound is left untreated, germs will enter there, and this leads to inflammation or even gangrene, followed by amputation.

With purulent - see a doctor.

We treat at home

We treat the wound at home:

1. For household cuts and - it is important to remove dirt. This can be done under running cold water, using gentle soap.
2. Disinfection. Hydrogen peroxide and brilliant green are often used. If it so happens that there is no medical suppliesthen you can use a saline solution.
3. Cover the area with a plaster or bandage. If the injury is serious and profound, see a doctor.

Not having medical education you can help a person with an open wound.

If the wound is small and clean, then after proper treatment, you will not need to see a doctor.

First, stop the bleeding. It is not always possible to stop the blood. If the open wound is not deep, then it is enough to press this place.

But if the blood cannot be stopped and it has a rich scarlet color, then contact the medical staff. Just before that you need to apply a tourniquet. Do not overtighten the tourniquet, this can harm - further interfere with processing.

If the artery is injured, then the tourniquet is applied above the wound site by a centimeter, and if the vein is lower.

Once the blood is stopped, disinfect the site. Everything is done with clean and clean hands. Hydrogen peroxide is a cleanser and disinfectant.

After treatment with peroxide, you can treat the area around the damage with alcohol or brilliant green. Then a bandage should be applied. If sterile bandages are not on hand, any clean cloth will do.

A small wound needs to be monitored. If necessary, the first few days can be treated with saline.

Video

Disinfection after surgery

Surgical intervention Is a serious procedure that may involve removing nonviable tissue or foreign bodies to prevent infection.

The operation helps scarring - the quickest healing of tissues. After the operation, sutures are applied to the wound. The wound after the operation is completely sterile - this is the key to quick healing.

Clean postoperative wounds are treated with antiseptics, they include peroxide, chlorhexidine or furacilin solution.

Dressings are done daily until the stitches are removed. After treatment with an antiseptic, the edges of the damage are smeared with a solution of 70% alcohol or iodine. After processing, you can lubricate the seam with ointment for early healing. When the procedures are completed, a bandage is applied.

Keep the dressing dry and not wet. If the dressing gets wet, it should be changed. Per postoperative wound you must be especially careful to prevent infection.

Head injury

There is a certain set of rules that will minimize the risk of infection.

Any damage to the soft tissues of the head must be rinsed and cleaned of visible dirt.

It is important to remove foreign objects. Treat with hydrogen peroxide. If you are bleeding, stop the bleeding.

The bleeding can be stopped by tamponing it with a clean bandage or using cotton wool.

Press the tampon for ten minutes. If the blood does not stop, then the tampon is pressed with a bandage for a while. In addition to cleaning the damage itself, it is important to treat the area around it. It is necessary to shave off the hair and lubricate the edges with brilliant green or alcohol.

When the cleansing procedures are complete, apply a sterile dressing. If the damaged area hurts badly, then it is permissible to apply cold to the bandage. This will relieve pain, swelling.

After any, it is advisable to consult a doctor, because the injury is much more dangerous than it seems visually.

Shallow cut

A cut is a very common household injury. After proper treatment, a shallow cut soon ceases to bother the victim.

How to properly treat a wound:

1. Remove contamination.
2. As visible dirt and objects have been removed, the place must be treated with peroxide or potassium permanganate solution. Can be treated with brilliant green or chlorhexidine. The use of various aggressive agents is prohibited.
3. Cover the injury with an adhesive plaster or bandage. If the injury is not large, then this can be limited.

Post-burn treatment

A burn is an unpleasant injury that is especially troubling in the first days. Rapid healing will depend on first aid for the burn.

The damaged area after the burn must be cooled. The first time after a burn, you should not apply ointment to the damaged area of \u200b\u200bthe skin.

Cleanse the skin with ether, alcohol. If you do everything quickly, then the skin can quickly regenerate.

At first, it is permissible to apply lotions with antiseptic agents.

When time passes, you can apply ointments that have a healing effect.

These ointments include:

• "Solcoseryl".
• "Rescuer".

They are helping fast healing tissues, dry the damaged area so that it tightens faster, and provide the skin with a building material for rapid regeneration.

Damage will heal faster if it is properly monitored and handled correctly. The body will fight on its own, it is just important to help it with the healing process.

When to go to the doctor

Minor abrasions, scrapes and cuts can be treated on your own at home, using the right remedies and performing the necessary treatments on time.

You should consult a doctor in the presence of minor injuries only if an inflammatory process has begun in the wound, despite all treatments, and suppuration has appeared.

You can treat yourself without going to a doctor only for shallow cuts, the length of which does not exceed 2 cm.

If you receive a larger cut after the initial treatment, you should immediately consult a doctor, as suturing may be required.

If you receive serious and large wounds, you should consult a doctor immediately, it is important to provide the victim with the correct first aid before the ambulance arrives.

Possible consequences

Trauma contamination is dangerous due to the infiltration of anaerobic microbes. They do not need air, but they multiply quickly, causing dangerous complications. The danger is not exaggerated - the consequence of suppuration will be gangrene.

Traumatic (hemorrhagic) shock is a serious pathological condition that is dangerous to human life. It develops at the time of injury, without proper help it will cause loss of consciousness and even death of the victim.

Seroma is an accumulation of purulent fluid due to inflammation. The exudate accumulates immediately, causing suppuration. Need to pump out using puncture or making an additional incision.

Hematoma - congestion blood clots under the skin. Appears if the blood has not been stopped immediately. A comfortable environment for the accumulation of microbes additionally puts pressure on the tissues, restraining them.

The blood must be removed from the tissues, for this an additional incision is made or the blood is pumped out using puncture.

Necrosis - appears due to damage to the work of blood vessels. Formed on the tissues around the cut. 2 types: wet and dry. Wet necrosis is removed immediately due to the accumulation of pus in deep tissues, dry - no need to touch, it protects the skin from infection.

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Children of any age are very active and curious, so it is impossible to protect them from various injuries and scratches. It is good if the damage is shallow, but there are also such that you cannot do without medical assistance. In any case, parents must know how to treat a child's wound before visiting a doctor, no matter how superficial or penetrating. The method of treatment will depend on the size, depth, location of the injury, and the strength of bleeding.

Small wound

Even a small scratch, cut can become a gateway for infection to enter the body, which will lead to the formation inflammatory process... To prevent this from happening, parents must definitely know how and how to treat a wound of even a small depth in a child.

1. Flush the injury with hydrogen peroxide that has not expired. If the skin around the lesion is dirty, gently clean the area of \u200b\u200bthe skin with boiled warm water using a lather of laundry soap (do not touch the wound). Water for washing children's wounds is excluded.
2. Treat with any antiseptic from a home first-aid kit: alcohol, brilliant green, fucorcin, calendula or chlorophyllipt solutions. Preparations "Eplan" and "Rescuer" diluted in boiled water are also suitable essential oil tea tree, solutions of furacilin or potassium permanganate, chlorhexidine. Iodine can damage tissue (burn it), so it is not ideal for processing.
3. It is recommended to apply a sterile bandage over the wound (a bandage or a bactericidal adhesive plaster will do). If the damage is small, blood does not flow, the bandage is canceled: in the air, the scratch will heal faster.

If even with a small wound it is not possible to control the bleeding on your own, it is strongly recommended to immediately call a doctor or take the child to an emergency room.

Large wound

Sometimes a fairly deep and extensive damage to the skin and nearby tissues is formed. Accordingly, the first aid to the baby will be of a different nature. Not many people know what is the best way to treat an open wound in order to avoid subsequently a purulent-inflammatory process and complications.

1. The wound must be examined carefully first. If there are foreign objects in it, they must be removed immediately (if they are not eyes).
2. Extensive wounds are washed with hydrogen peroxide, solutions of furacilin or potassium permanganate.
3. Apply a bandage: cover with a sterile napkin, bandage.
4. Such injuries are almost always accompanied by profuse bleeding, which must be stopped. To do this, the bandage is made tight enough, but not so much that it blocks blood circulation. If blood seeps through the bandage, it is not worth removing or tightening it: another bandage is applied over it.

In such cases, the child must be taken to the emergency room or hospital as soon as possible. In this case, the victim is not recommended to drink and eat: if an operation is to be performed under anesthesia, it will be inappropriate.

On the face and on the head

If a child has a wound on the face or head, the situation is quite difficult. Not only is it very painful, in the future, any facial injury can disfigure the baby's appearance with scars. On the other hand, it is the skin of the face that regenerates the fastest, since it is well supplied with blood.

1. The hardest part will be with the head: if the hair is short, it will be easy to treat the wound. Long strands around the injury will have to be cut.
2. Rinse with peroxide.
3. Treat with an antiseptic.
4. Apply a sterile bandage.
5. Go to the emergency room. If the depth of the wound on the face can be determined independently and, with its small area, it is limited to home remedies, then the degree of damage to the skin on the head is very difficult to determine independently. In this case, it is recommended to show the baby to the doctor.

If you are not sure that you can provide first aid to a child on your own, call a doctor immediately or take him to the hospital yourself.

Wet wound

Sometimes on the surface of the injury, a constant separation of fluid is formed - ichor, pus, blood, which complicates and slows down the healing process. How to properly handle a weeping wound should be told by the doctor, since with such a complication it is imperative to seek qualified medical help.

1. Apply water-soluble ointments to treat wounds (Levosin and Levomikol are the safest for children).
2. Change dressings as needed, as soon as they are soaked through, but at least twice a day.
3. Rinse weeping wounds with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.
4. Observe maximum sterility.
5. When the wound begins to dry out, its healing can be accelerated with the help of Kalanchoe juice, rosehip oil or sea buckthorn oil.

If you are not sure that you will be able to change your child's dressings on a weeping wound on your own, it is better to take him to the nearest hospital every day, where the damage will be treated sterilely and efficiently.

In order for any wound received by a child to heal, a certain period is necessary. From time to time, re-dressing and treatment may be required in the emergency room or in the surgeon's office. If the lesion is infected, antibiotics may be prescribed. Treatment of any type of wound should be carried out under the constant supervision of an experienced surgeon and in strict accordance with his prescriptions and recommendations.

Sometimes the activity of the baby turns into the fact that dangerous wounds appear on his body that need immediate sanitation. A wound on a child's head can cause development purulent formations, and therefore it is necessary to eliminate it immediately after detection.

Working with a small wound

A wound on a child's head can appear for various reasons, but most often this problem arises from careless play or a strong blow received during a fall. You should not panic, because in such a stressful situation it is important that both the baby and the adults remain sober.

The first thing adults should do is to carefully examine the wound that has appeared and try to clean its edges with a bandage and warm water. After the dried blood and dirt have been removed, you can proceed to the treatment with hydrogen peroxide. Peroxide should only be used that has not expired. When interacting with an open wound, this composition will begin to actively foam. Also, the child may feel a burning sensation, so parents should blow on the sore spot.

The next stage is the treatment of the wound with brilliant green, iodine or alcohol. The composition should be applied not only to the wound itself, but also to the area around it. Here, the child may also feel a sharp burning sensation. Now all that remains is to apply a sterile bandage to the sore spot, and carefully secure it with adhesive plaster.

These procedures must be repeated until the wound begins to decrease in size and disappears completely. Light scratches should not be ignored, because an infection can enter the child's body through them. Scratches must be treated with peroxide and iodine, but the imposition of a special bandage will already be superfluous. Parents should carefully examine the wound for several days. acute inflammation... If such inflammations have arisen, it means that the wound has become infected with microbes, and an urgent need to consult a doctor.

Sometimes even the smallest wound can cause severe bleeding, which parents are unable to eliminate on their own. In this case, it is necessary to see a doctor as soon as possible, since a professional can easily resolve the problem.

Steps to be taken when large head wounds are found

It is extremely dangerous to eliminate large wounds on the head of a child on your own. The most important thing here is to eliminate heavy bleeding and remove foreign objectsthat may be in the wound. It should be carefully examined, try to clean it and then fill it with hydrogen peroxide. Also, such wounds can be treated with a solution of potassium permanganate.

It is useless to treat a large wound with iodine or brilliant green, since the primary task is to calm the bleeding. That is why parents need to carefully bandage their heads, applying a bandage to the wound in advance. After the performed manipulations, it is necessary to monitor the condition of the child. If the blood still cannot be stopped, you should immediately consult a doctor for qualified help. Large wounds are often deep and can threaten a child's life. Parents, instead of going to the hospital, prefer to bandage their heads tightly, limiting the access of oxygen to the sore spot. The bandage should not be tight, should not interfere with the child and limit his movements.

As soon as the blood stops, parents need to deal with antibacterial treatment of the wound. By washing with alcohol or brilliant green, it will be possible to prevent wound festering. Usually, large wounds heal for a very long time, and therefore parents have to monitor the condition of the crumbs for several weeks.

In the event that the bleeding cannot be stopped by applying a bandage and treatment with hydrogen peroxide, it is necessary to contact a specialist. The wound may have to be stitched up, and only a doctor with sufficient qualifications is capable of such manipulations.

Large wounds around the eyes are considered the most difficult, as they are very difficult to repair on your own. In the case of such wounds, there is always a risk of damage to the optic nerves, so self-treatment seems impossible.

An attentive parent will always be able to notice the wound that appears in time, before it begins to threaten the life and health of the baby. Eliminating such injuries is a very serious matter, and it is worth taking on it only if the parents are confident in their own abilities.

My child is very active and curious. And keeping track of his every step is difficult. And quite recently I faced such a problem. The child fell, and as a result - a laceration. No panic! What is needed for processing: A home first-aid kit must contain: hydrogen peroxide or potassium permanganate, alcohol, iodine or green tea, sterile gauze or bandage, an ice pack or a cold heating pad. What to do with the wound: In order to provide first aid, you must wash your hands with soap and water and dry with a clean towel. You can also use rubbing alcohol on your hands. The damaged area must be cleaned with a gauze swab (not with cotton wool, its particles may remain in the wound itself). And if the wound is on the scalp, then the hair should be cut about 1-2 cm around. How to process yourself: It is best to treat the damaged area with 3% hydrogen peroxide or a weak solution of potassium permanganate. The skin around the wound should be smeared with iodine, but care must be taken that it does not get inside the incision, as it can leave a burn. How to stop bleeding: With heavy bleeding, as was the case with my son, a gauze swab should be applied to the wound and tied with a bandage that will press on the swab. And in order to reduce pain, the wounded area should be cooled. You can put an ice pack or a heating pad with cold water, or moisten the cloth in cold water. If this is not there, then you can get something out of the freezer and apply it to the wound. And, of course, no matter how deep the wound is, you should immediately call an ambulance or get to the hospital yourself as soon as possible. You need to go to traumatology. Be healthy!

Children actively explore this world. And in the process of this cognition, falls are inevitable. Babies fall when running, during active games, playing sports, while walking. Therefore, every mother needs to know how and how to treat wounds and abrasions on the baby's body after a fall. We will talk about this in this article.

What is the danger?

The main danger of injuries sustained by a child after a fall is possible infection. Many bacteria that live quite harmlessly on the skin and in the intestines of a person can become aggressive if they enter an environment devoid of oxygen and sufficiently humid and warm. This is precisely the environment the wound is. The injury itself is not as dangerous as its infection with staphylococci, streptococci or other microbes.

When a small superficial wound is infected, suppuration and inflammation may occur. If a deep wound becomes infected, then the likelihood of developing a general infection through the bloodstream - sepsis - increases significantly.

Much depends on where and where the child fell from. Falls are considered the most dangerous in which the wound is heavily contaminated - on the ground, on the asphalt, as well as wounds received by sharp objects at the bottom of the reservoir. Together with dirt or water, pathogenic bacteria penetrate into the child's body much faster through broken skin. Most often, as a result of falling children suffer from elbows, knees, face, head. The closer the wound is to the brain and important nerve nodes, the more dangerous it is. Thus, a wound on the face is always worse than a wound on the leg.

First aid

If a child falls off a bike or landed unsuccessfully, getting off a swing in the yard, do not panic - all children, without exception, fall, and therefore, instead of accusing yourself and other adults of inattention to the child, it is important to concentrate on something else - to try to find out how serious the situation is.

First of all, you should reassure the baby and examine the wound. Assess its depth, degree of contamination, note the presence of torn edges, profuse bleeding. In case of external abrasion or a shallow wound, you should rinse the skin with cool running water, treat with hydrogen peroxide and any aniline dye available at home, best of all with green paint, since it can have a detrimental effect even on staphylococcus, which is difficult to destroy.

If the choice is stopped precisely on a solution of brilliant green, then it is important to remember that an open wound is not smeared with brilliant green. Only the edges of the wound and the skin around it should be treated with a dye.

Instead of hydrogen peroxide, which causes a fairly strong tingling sensation in the area of \u200b\u200binjury, you can use chlorhexidine solution... After that, a dry sterile is applied to the abrasion. bandage... If the wound is small, then it will be enough to apply it for an hour and a half, then remove and leave the wound to dry.

If, for some reason, the child has not been vaccinated with DPT or ADS, in which it has an anti-tetanus component, before the fall, it makes sense to go to the emergency room to carry out emergency prevention of tetanus.

If the wound is deep, then its not worth touching at home, it is best to quickly deliver the child to the nearest emergency room, after applying a tight sterile bandage to stop bleeding. At home, there is no way to clean a deep wound completely, while in a hospital, surgeons will quickly and efficiently clean the wound from earth, sand, and also apply stitches if necessary. Such a need is sometimes important even from a cosmetic point of view, because a scar that remains after spontaneous healing of a deep wound on the face will then cause a lot of suffering to the child.

Sometimes it is necessary to administer tetanus toxoid to a child to prevent tetanus infection, especially if the child is injured in a rural area, the soil of which is "rich" in dormant tetanus sticks, which are looking forward to being in a favorable environment. If a child has received a wound on the head or face, from medical care better not to refuse. Even a small cut or abrasion on the head can only be the “tip of the iceberg”. In practice, it can be revealed the hard-hitting fact of receiving a traumatic brain injury, concussion. The wound should be rinsed, the hair around it (if it is on the head) should be cut off, rinsed with an antiseptic and sent to the doctor at the nearest emergency room. All injuries to the facial area require a mandatory examination by a surgeon, even small incisions sometimes need stitches or staples for more even scarring, so that the baby's face does not turn out to be spoiled by scars.

As part of first aid, you should not apply to wounds received when too tight bandages fall, so as not to disrupt the blood supply to neighboring tissues. Children are prohibited from treating wounds with alcohol or vodka.Firstly, this is pure sadism, since such treatment will deliver severe burning pain, and secondly, alcohol practically does not affect such a dangerous microbe as staphylococcus, and therefore the use of such cruel methods of first aid is simply unjustified.

The child should not put ice on the wound. If an abrasion or injury is accompanied by swelling, for example, on the knee, it is important to apply ice so that the area of \u200b\u200bthe wound remains open, and then show the child to a traumatologist in order to exclude fractures, cracks and other injuries.

As part of first aid, you can use antibacterial drugs in powders - "Baneocin" or streptocide powder. But it is better to refuse to apply antibiotic ointment, in any case, before complications, inflammation or examination by a doctor occur.

Preparations for the home first aid kit

In order not to run to the pharmacy after a sudden fall of the child, it is worth making sure that the home medicine cabinet has all the necessary means for first aid and subsequent treatment. For emergency care, you will need:

sterile bandage;

gauze swabs;

"Brilliant green";

Fukortsin;

hydrogen peroxide;

Chlorhexidine;

"Baneocin" (powder);

streptocide powder.

After the bandage is removed, and with a small wound, this will happen in an hour and a half, it will be important to closely monitor how the healing is going. When signs of inflammation, suppuration appear, with a weeping, long-healing wound, treatment will be needed.

To do this, you need to have at least two of the following drugs in your first aid kit:

solcoseryl ointment;

spray "Panthenol";

antibacterial water-repellent ointment "Levomekol";

• Erythomycin ointment;

  Tetracycline ointment;

  balsam "Rescuer";

  ointment "Levosin";

  "Baneocin" - powder and ointment;

  gel "Contractubex".

A wound after a fall that does not heal for a long time should be shown to a doctor. Treatment consists in treating the wound with an antiseptic (hydrogen peroxide, "Chlorhexidine"), followed by the application of antibiotic ointments ("Levomekol" or Erythromycin ointment), sterile bandaging. Child dressings are done 1-2 times a day... In difficult cases, if there is a likelihood of developing an infection, the doctor may prescribe antibiotics by mouth in the form of a suspension or in capsules (depending on the type of pathogen and the age of the baby).

In the course of treatment, it is useful for a child to give vitamin complexes, in which there is a sufficiently high content of vitamins B6 and B 12, as well as vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamins A and E, which are involved in metabolic processes skin.

At the final stage of treatment, when the wound has already healed, agents can be used that help resorb and smooth the scar tissue to reduce the scar. These ointments include "Kontaktubex". This is very important in the treatment of the consequences of wounds on the face, on the lip, on any open part of the body, in order to minimize the negative consequences from a cosmetic point of view.

A purulent wound must be examined by a doctor, even if it occupies a very small area, for example, on a baby's finger after falling on a sharp object or after a scissor injection. Treatment in this case will be similar, but the doctor will assess the condition of the wound and consider the possibility of surgical cleaning.

Not all wounds can be healed at home. Deep complicated and festering injuries may require the systemic use of antibiotics and careful monitoring of the child's condition in a hospital setting.

Useful Tips

Treatment of a wound after a fall with an antiseptic should be carried out exactly as washing. Lubrication with cotton swabs is prohibited, as well as cotton wool in general, because the fibers can remain in the wound. If there is a need to use a tampon, it is better to make it out of gauze.

Do not lubricate a weeping wound after a fall with iodine. This drug causes additional burns to already injured tissue.

For the treatment of wounds resulting from a fall, such a favorite remedy as baby cream is not suitable for mothers. It creates a dense, air-tight film on the surface of the abrasion or wound and prevents normal healing. The best remedy from abrasions - fresh air and sterility.

The first time after healing, it is important to remember that the skin that has formed at the site of injury is thinner and more vulnerable than neighboring areas of the epidermis that were not injured. Therefore, a repeated fall and injury to this new skin should be avoided in every possible way, since it will be deeper and more serious than it was the first time.

To prevent abrasions and wounds, you should carefully monitor the child during a walk, when buying a bicycle or roller skates as a gift, the child must make sure that the baby also has protective devices, which, if they do not protect from all injuries to the end, then at least minimize the consequences of the fall.

For information on how to properly treat a child's wound, see the next video.

Any head injury is considered dangerous, as there is a high probability. At the same time, swelling of the brain tissue develops rapidly, which leads to the wedging of a part of the brain into the foramen magnum. The result of this is a disruption in the activity of vital centers that are responsible for breathing and blood circulation - a person quickly loses consciousness, and there is a high probability of death.

Another reason for the high risk of head injuries is the excellent blood supply to this part of the body, which leads to large blood loss in the event of damage. And in this case, it will be necessary to stop the bleeding as soon as possible.

It is important for everyone to know how to competently provide first aid for head injuries - correctly carried out measures can really save the life of the victim.

Head bruises and soft tissue injuries

TO soft tissues scalp include skin, muscles and subcutaneous tissue. If they are bruised, then soreness arises, a little later a swelling may appear (well-known "bumps"), the skin at the site of the bruise acquires a red tint, subsequently a bruise forms.

In case of injury, it is necessary to apply cold to the injured area - it can be a bottle of cold water, a heating pad with ice, a bag of meat from the freezer. Next, you need to apply a pressure bandage and be sure to deliver the victim to medical institutioneven if it feels great. The fact is that only a specialist can give objective assessment health conditions, exclude damage to the cranial bones and / or.

Damage to soft tissue can also be accompanied by intense bleeding, possibly detachment of skin flaps - doctors call this a scalp wound. If the blood flows slowly and has a dark color, then you need to put a tight bandage on the wound with sterile material - as an improvised tool, for example, a regular bandage or a piece of tissue ironed on both sides with a hot iron is suitable. If the blood spurts, then this indicates damage to the artery and the pressure bandage in this case becomes completely useless. You will need to apply a tourniquet horizontally over the forehead and above the ears, but only if the scalp is damaged. If the victim has insignificant blood loss (assistance was provided quickly), then he is taken to the hospital in a sitting or lying position - he is strictly forbidden to stand. If the blood loss is extensive, then the victim's skin rapidly becomes pale, cold sweat appears on his face, excitement may occur, which turns into lethargy - urgent hospitalization is required and strictly accompanied by an ambulance team.

Algorithm of actions for first aid:

1. The victim is placed on a flat surface, which is covered with something - a jacket, a blanket, any clothing. A roller is placed under the shins.
2. If the patient is, then you need to put your palms on both sides under his lower jaw and slightly tilt the head back, while pushing the chin forward.
3. The victim's oral cavity should be cleaned of saliva with a clean handkerchief, and then the head should be turned on its side - this will prevent vomit from entering the respiratory tract.
4. If the wound is foreign body, then in no case should you move it or try to remove it - this can increase the volume of brain damage and significantly increase bleeding.
5. The skin around the lesion site is cleaned with a towel or any tissue, then a pressure bandage is applied to the wound: several layers of cloth / gauze, then any hard object (TV remote control, a bar of soap) on top of the wound and is well bandaged so that the object squeezes the vessel.
6. If the bleeding is too strong and it is not possible to apply a bandage, then it is necessary to press the skin around the wound with your fingers so that the blood stops flowing. Such finger pressure must be carried out before the arrival of the ambulance team.

After the bleeding has stopped, ice or a bottle of cold water can be applied to the wound, the victim himself should be carefully covered and urgently delivered to any medical institution.

Note: if there is a torn-off skin flap, then it must be wrapped in a sterile cloth (or any other rag), placed in a cold place (it is forbidden to apply to ice!) and sent with the victim to a medical institution - most likely, surgeons will be able to use this skin flap for conducting operations to restore soft tissues.

Closed head injuries

If the upper part of the skull has occurred, then it is almost impossible to determine whether there is a fracture. Therefore, upon impact in hairy part it would be a mistake to think that it was just a bruise. The victim must be laid on a stretcher without a pillow, ice must be applied to his head and taken to a medical facility. If such an injury is accompanied by impaired consciousness and breathing, then help should be provided in accordance with the existing symptoms, up to an indirect heart massage and artificial respiration.

The most serious and dangerous head injury is a fracture of the base of the skull. This injury often occurs when falling from a height, and it is characterized by damage to the brain. A hallmark of a skull base fracture is the discharge of a colorless fluid (cerebrospinal fluid) or blood from the ears and nose. If at the same time an injury to the facial nerve has occurred, then the victim has facial asymmetry. The patient has a rare pulse, and a day later, hemorrhage develops in the orbit area.

Note:transportation of a victim with a fracture of the skull base must be extremely careful, without shaking the stretcher. The patient is placed on a stretcher on his stomach (in this case, it is necessary to constantly monitor the absence of vomiting) or on his back, but in this position his head should be carefully turned to the side if he starts vomiting. To avoid retraction of the tongue during transportation on the back, the patient's mouth is slightly opened, a bandage is placed under the tongue (it is pulled out a little forward).

Maxillofacial Injury

With a bruise, there will be severe pain and swelling, the lips quickly become inactive. First aid in this case consists in applying a pressure bandage and applying cold to the site of injury.

With a fracture lower jaw the victim cannot talk, profuse salivation begins from the half-open mouth. Fracture upper jaw observed extremely rarely, accompanied by acute pain and the rapid accumulation of blood in the subcutaneous tissue, which radically changes the shape of the face.

What to do for jaw fractures:

Note: transportation of such a patient to a medical institution is carried out lying on his stomach. If the victim suddenly turns pale, then you need to raise the lower end of the stretcher (or just the legs when transporting yourself) so that a rush of blood goes to the head, but care must be taken so that the bleeding does not increase.

Dislocation of the lower jaw

This injury is very common, because it can happen when laughing, yawning too wide, on impact, and in older people, there is a habitual dislocation of the jaw.

Signs of the condition under consideration:

• open mouth;
• severe drooling;
• speech is absent (the victim makes mooing sounds);
• jaw movements are difficult.

Help consists in repositioning the dislocation. To do this, the one who provides assistance needs to stand in front of the victim sitting on a chair. Thumbs are inserted into the mouth along the lower molars. Then the jaw is forced back and down. If the manipulation was carried out correctly, then the movements in the jaw and speech in the victim are immediately restored.

Note: when setting, the victim's jaw closes spontaneously with great amplitude and force. Therefore, before carrying out the procedure, you need to wrap your fingers with any cloth and try to immediately pull your hands out of the victim's mouth immediately after the appearance of a characteristic click (this joint is in place). Otherwise, it is possible to injure the one who provides assistance.