How permanent teeth erupt. Molars in children: the order of eruption

27.04.2020

We have already said that from the age of 5, children begin to lose their temporary milk teeth and gradually replace them with permanent teeth that will serve a lifetime. To a question of interest to many parents: how many teeth change in children, we repeat - all milk teeth fall out, and permanent ones grow in their place. The order of change is the same as it was during their eruption. But parents should know that at the age of 6-7 years, a child grows first permanent indigenous teeth(sixes, 6th teeth from the center) - they are for life. The last to drop out and be replaced by permanent ones will be deciduous molars in children(5th). As a rule, a complete replacement ends by the age of 12-14 - this is individual, depending on the characteristics of the organism and some other factors.

Features of replacing milk teeth with permanent ones

Often in the process of replacing teeth, some peculiarities and non-standard situations are observed, which become a cause for concern for parents. Let's take a quick look at the most common parenting questions:

1. What reactions of the child's body can be during the loss of milk teeth and during the growth of permanent teeth?

Answer: The process of replacing teeth is practically painless. Milk teeth fall out on their own after complete root resorption or are removed at home, or better by a pediatric dentist, when a permanent tooth is already growing, and the milk one has not yet fallen out. Permanent teeth eruption is not painful. In very rare cases, there may be a slight increase in temperature, abdominal pain, itching of the gums. No treatment is required, but consultation with a dentist is recommended.

2. Why do paired teeth fall out not at the same time and sometimes with a long period of time?

Answer: Firstly, it is so appointed by nature, and for each child individually. Secondly, it all depends on the time period for the resorption of the root of the deciduous tooth. If the milk teeth have undergone treatment, filling, then the root is absorbed much more slowly, sometimes it does not dissolve at all. Filled roots of milk teeth often have to be removed at the dentist, because they may not fall out on their own.

3. Why does it often take a long time between the loss of a baby tooth and the appearance?

Answer: Typically, front teeth grow quickly. But the premolars ( deciduous molars) and canines are often delayed. After the loss of a temporary tooth, it may even take 4-6 months before the eruption of a permanent tooth in this place. Therefore, you just need to wait and quality care. But if the term exceeds six months, and you are very worried, come to the appointment. After the examination, the doctor will decide on the need to stimulate the growth of a permanent tooth.

4. What teeth in children 8 years old should change?

Answer: By the age of eight, a child should normally have such permanent teeth - 6th molars, 4 upper incisors and 4 lower incisors. Plus / minus six months is the norm.

5. Why it is imperative to carry out caries treatment in children, if then you have to pull out the filled roots of milk teeth?

To the question: how to treat caries of milk teeth, the complete answer can be found in the section on caries in children's teeth. It also provides recommendations for the prevention of caries, as well as rotten teeth in children Photo... Read about other changes in teeth in children, diseases, methods of their treatment, elimination of deficiencies and pathologies in special articles. "Fill in" the information you are interested in in the "Search on the site" section and you will find articles with the answers of our qualified specialists... Or make an appointment with the pediatric dentist of the Utkinzub clinic, especially during the period of eruption of the first teeth and the change of temporary teeth for permanent ones in your children.

At 5 - 6 years old, the replacement of milk teeth with permanent ones begins. This is preceded by the growth of the primordia of permanent teeth and the physiological resorption of the roots of milk teeth. As the roots of the teeth are absorbed, the mobility of these teeth appears. Children often swing their milk teeth on their own.

The first permanent molars usually erupt behind the last deciduous tooth (deciduous molar). Their appearance often goes unnoticed: the teeth erupt behind the milk teeth and their appearance is not accompanied by the loss of milk teeth. Closer to 6 years old, milk incisors are replaced by permanent ones. First, the milk incisors on the lower jaw change, and then on the upper jaw. At 7 - 8 years old, I begin to erupt permanent lateral incisors on lower jaw, and at 8 - 9 years - on the upper jaw.

The completion of the formation of the roots of young permanent teeth is completed by 10 - 11 years.

Features of the period

The permanent incisors are wider and taller than the milk ones, therefore, as they appear, the interdental spaces decrease (in the milk bite there are normally large gaps between the incisors and the canines), the jaws grow. If there were no gaps between the incisors and canines in the milk bite, then the eruption of permanent incisors will be accompanied by the formation of crowding of teeth in anterior section lower and upper jaws.

As a result of active sports, the anterior teeth of the upper jaw are often injured. Most often, there is a complete dislocation of the incisors, when, as a result of a strong blow, the tooth falls out of its hole.

To prevent dislocation and fracture of permanent incisors, it is enough to wear during sports (hockey, karate) a special sports individual dental mouthguard (boxing or hockey) made by a children's orthodontist.

Typical problems

PHOTO: In a child, the lower permanent incisors were cut by the second row. In this situation, it is required to free up space by removing the movable milk teeth so that the permanent teeth can take correct position in the dental arch.

Sometimes the permanent upper and lower incisors erupt behind the milk ones ("second row"), which do not have time to dissolve by this time. This situation requires the intervention of a dental surgeon.

Progression of a previously formed carious process on the teeth, especially in the area of milk chewing teeth.

The eruption of the first permanent molar in conditions of poor individual oral hygiene and the presence of a large number of untreated carious teeth nearby is often accompanied by the development of caries on the erupting young tooth (molar). In the process of eruption, the 6th tooth is partially covered with a mucous membrane, like a hood, under which plaque and food debris are clogged. The carious process in such conditions develops extremely rapidly, often unnoticed by the patient and his parents, and is quickly complicated by the inflammation of the tooth nerve.

Treatment

From the age of 5, children calmly endure long-term dental manipulations in the oral cavity, subject to adequate preparation for the first appointment and the doctor's ability to find an approach to the child.

Treatment of caries in young erupting permanent molars at the age of 5 - 8 years is associated with a number of features that impose certain requirements. To carry out QUALITATIVE treatment, complete isolation of the tooth from saliva is required. This can be achieved by using a rubber dam - a special latex screen (see photo), which allows you to quickly and efficiently restore chewing tooth without fear of saliva getting into the restoration area.

Each person goes through the stages of the eruption of the first teeth, the development of milk teeth and their subsequent replacement with permanent ones. Despite the similar appearance and the function performed, temporary and permanent teeth have differences, which we will talk about, at the same time we will consider the timing of the appearance of the main teeth, possible problems with them in the process of their development.

In the photo - a diagram of the structure of human teeth

Teeth are not only intended for mechanical processing of food, but are also necessary for the formation of speech, breathing, and affect facial features. To navigate what dentists advise, how to protect teeth, what are the risks of diseases, it is useful to know how they work.

Anatomical structure

The 3 parts that make up a tooth:

Crown. Used for chewing, the visible part of the tooth. The outer side is covered with durable enamel that protects it from bacteria, chemical substances contained in food, water, saliva. Surfaces have their own names:
- Facial (vestibular) - in contact with the lip or cheek.
- Lingual (lingual) - the opposite of the facial, participating in the formation of speech.
- Occlusion is the upper surface in contact with the opposite jaw tooth.
- Contact (approximal) - contacts with adjacent teeth.
Neck. The area of the tooth is slightly tapered. It serves to connect the crown and root of the tooth, for which connective tissue fibers are used.
Root. Located in the jaw bone (alveolus). The number of roots differs for different teeth and can vary from 1 to 5.

Milk teeth, having a similar structure in many respects, have differences in anatomy:

They are noticeably smaller in height than permanent ones.
The crown is much wider than the root.
The enamel is thinner and more fragile.
The roots are rounder.
Erasure of milk teeth, as well as their independent loss, is a normal physiological process.

Histological structure

The structure has several layers:

Enamel is the most durable fabric. When a tooth just erupts, a cuticle is located on it, which is gradually replaced by a pellicle under the influence of saliva.
Dentin is a highly mineralized tissue that resembles bone, but has better mechanical strength. Instead of enamel, the root part of the dentin is covered with cement.
Pulp - central part tooth, is a soft connective tissue in which there is a large number of blood vessels. , inflammatory processes"Owe" the pain to the pulp with its large number of nerve endings.

Milk teeth are distinguished by dentin with a lower degree of mineralization, which weakens their protection against caries. The pulp occupies most tooth, and small protective layers (enamel and dentin) are less protective against the penetration of bacteria, the development of inflammatory processes.

Types of teeth

There are 4 groups:

Incisors. 4 chisel cutters. The largest are a pair of upper central incisors, with the opposite situation from below - the lateral incisors are somewhat larger than the central ones.
Fangs. 2 on the upper and the same amount on the lower jaw. Their length is longer than the rest, the anterior wall is convex.
Premolars. A total of 8, prismatic in shape, the upper surface with two tubercles (buccal and lingual). Roots at premolars 2. The second premolar - with a larger buccal surface. There are no milk premolars.
Molars. The first molar (large molar) is the largest tooth in the upper jaw. The chewing surface has four tubercles, roots 3. The cubic second molar is smaller, and the buccal tubercles are larger than the lingual ones. The third ("wisdom tooth") is in many ways similar to the second, but not everyone has it.

Dental formula

In order to improve the convenience of describing each tooth, their numbering, filling in cards, it is customary to write down the order of the teeth using a special formula. There are several varieties of it.

Sigmondy-Palmer system (square digital)

Arabic numerals are used, numbering starts from the central incisors in each direction:

1 and 2 - incisors.
3 - canine.
4, 5 - premolars.
6-8 - molars.

Milk teeth are designated differently - with the help of Roman numerals:

I and II - incisors.
III - canine.
IV and V are molars.

Viola two-digit system

Tooth numbering uses 2 digits. The jaws are divided into 4 quadrants. The first digit shows its number.

For adults, these are:

1 – upper jaw on right.
2 - upper jaw on the left.
3 - lower jaw on the left.
4 - lower jaw, right.

For a similar description of milk teeth, numbers from 5 to 8 are used.

So, there are 8 teeth in each quadrant, its number is shown by the second digit. Thus, the first molar of the lower jaw on the left is designated 35, and the canine in the child from the bottom right has the designation 43. Therefore, the phrase that “treatment of the 48th tooth is required,” or, for example, the 55th, does not mean that the doctor is unqualified or what -or pathology in your child, who suddenly acquired so many teeth.

Teeth development

The differences between milk and molars begin with their number - there are only 20 milk teeth, 8 incisors and molars, and 4 canines. This is explained by the fact that more teeth in children simply have nowhere to fit. In this regard, there are no milk premolars. By the time the permanent ones appear, the adolescent's jaws are already sufficiently developed for the appearance of all teeth.

The formation of tooth buds in humans begins at the 6th week of intrauterine development, and at the 14th week, hard dental tissue appears. First, the crown develops. The development of the primordia of permanent teeth begins at the 5th month.

By the time of birth, the formation of the rudiments of both milk and permanent teeth in a child is almost complete. The process of development of permanent teeth, which have no analogues among milk teeth, begins one year after birth.

If the first teeth may appear at 4 months, and their eruption may be delayed up to a year, the permanent ones erupt in everyone at about the same age. The sequence of their eruption is the same as in the case of dairy ones:

6-7 years old. The central incisors appear below.
7-8 years old. The central incisors above and lateral below are replaced.
8-9 years old. The lateral incisors of the upper jaw appear.
9-12 years old. Canine teeth and premolars are replaced.
From 12 years old. From this age, molars begin to change, and from about the age of 14, teeth appear that were not among the milk ones.

Signs of the imminent appearance of molars

It is possible to determine the moment that soon one should wait for the beginning of the change of milk teeth with permanent ones, according to several signs:

The gradual growth of the baby's jaws leads to the fact that the gaps between the teeth increase.
The tooth begins to wobble. This is due to the fact that the already small root begins to gradually dissolve, which is why the fixation of milk teeth is significantly weakened.
The fallen tooth indicates that the formed permanent, which is about to appear, pushed it out.
The appearance of swelling, redness on the gums at the eruption site of a permanent tooth is possible.
Pain in the gums, where a permanent tooth erupts, fever, feeling unwell the child indicates problems that have arisen, and it is imperative to see a doctor. The process of eruption of molars should be painless.

Possible problems

At the time of the appearance of molars, certain dental problems are possible. In order to take timely measures to eliminate them, parents must have an idea of them.

The molars do not erupt

A situation is possible in which the milk teeth do not fall out in due time, or have fallen out, but in their place the molars have begun to appear. The reason for this should be established by the dentist, whom you must definitely visit, without postponing it on the back burner. Usually, an overview x-ray is taken to show the degree of development of the molars.

Among the options for the absence of eruption in the prescribed time frame of molars, one can indicate:

Hereditary predisposition causing possible delay the appearance of molars. In case the X-ray shows that the process of primordial formation teeth goes, then you just have to wait a little for their appearance.
Adentia. Violations of the formation of tooth buds during the intrauterine development of a child, inflammatory processes can lead to a similar pathology - the absence or death of tooth buds. The way out is prosthetics.

Pain

The first time after eruption, the tooth is poorly protected from caries and the effects of various bacteria on it. This is explained by the low degree of mineralization of the enamel at the initial stage. Almost nothing interferes with the development of caries, the tooth tissues are destroyed, pulpitis occurs, followed by the risk of its transition to periodontitis. Possible appearance severe pain, changes in body temperature and deterioration in well-being.

It is highly advisable not to start the situation, not to bring to severe pain, but as soon as painful sensations appear, visit the dentist. If the child has a predisposition to caries, it is better to carry out preventive procedures, for example, sealing fissures. The folds on the chewing surface are covered with a composite material that protects such natural cavities from the accumulation of food debris, the development of bacteria, and inflammatory processes.

In the worst case, you can lose a tooth.

Teeth grow crooked

A common situation when the molar has already begun to erupt, but the milk one does not want to fall out. The result is that the new tooth is looking for alternative ways of growth, which leads to its displacement, a change in the direction of growth. Hence the violation of the bite and evenness of the dentition. Treatment will be required.

If such a situation is observed, you should not independently remove or loosen the milk tooth, you must visit a doctor.

Loss of molars

An alarming symptom of the presence of diseases (caries, etc.) in oral cavity, or there are problems with the whole body (connective tissue diseases, diabetes and etc.). A visit to a doctor is required.

This is necessary to develop a strategy for restoring a lost tooth. This is necessary for the correct growth of the remaining teeth and the formation of the maxillofacial system. Considering that the tissues of the jaw are still in the process of growth, prosthetics are possible only temporarily, which must be corrected as the jaws develop. Permanent prosthetics will be available only after the end of their formation.

Trauma

The first few years after eruption, teeth are at increased risk of injury from exposure. Sports injuries, falls, blows can lead to chipping off parts of the tooth, cracking. Be sure to contact your dentist who will restore the lost part with modern materials.

Conclusion

Permanent teeth are not subject to regeneration, they are given once and for life. Attentive attitude, especially in the process of their development, careful care, timely visit pediatric dentist for treatment and preventive procedures will help keep them.

During a person's life, 20 teeth change, and the rest (8 -12) are permanent, growing indigenous initially. Teething of molars in babies is a responsible period for both children and parents. The features of this process and the timing depend on heredity and living conditions (climate, diet, quality of drinking water). Therefore, there are no clear uniform terms for the eruption of molars. Most babies have all 20 milk teeth by the age of three. By the age of five, the growth of molars begins in children, milk teeth are replaced by permanent ones.

How to distinguish milk teeth from permanent teeth

The structure of milk and permanent teeth is the same, but they can be distinguished by the following features:

the shade of the deciduous teeth is white, the permanent ones are light yellow;
molars are denser and contain a greater degree of mineralization;
the pulp of the milk tooth is larger, the walls of dense tissues are thin;
permanent teeth are larger, more elongated;
the root of the deciduous teeth is thin and short, unlike paired permanent teeth, when the roots of temporary molars are formed, they diverge wider, which allows a permanent primordium to grow in free space.

Where do teeth grow from?

The establishment and development of teeth begins at the sixth week of intrauterine development of the embryo. Source - epithelial dental plate. By the 14th week of pregnancy, the baby is actively forming hard dental tissues of the crown and root.
The first rudiments of molars are born by the fifth month of the fetus's life. They appear either above the future milk teeth (on the upper jaw) or below (on the lower). By the time the newborn is born, the rudiments of the milk and permanent teeth of the replaceable group (corresponding to the temporary teeth) are almost completely formed in the tissues of the jaws.
Additional teeth that do not have milk predecessors are mainly laid after a year. Children's jaw is small and there is simply not enough space for all the teeth.
Due to the small jaw of milk teeth, only 20 grow, 10 on each jaw - 4 incisors, 2 canines and 4 molars.
By the end of the period of changing teeth, the maxillofacial system of children approaches the size of an adult and can accommodate a complete set of teeth. Each jaw of a teenager has 4 incisors, 2 canines, 2 small and 3 large molars.

Tooth arrangement

Each tooth in dentistry has its own serial number: Roman numerals are used for milk teeth:

I and II - incisors;
III- canine;
IV and V molars.

Adult permanent teeth are numbered from the center:

1 and 2 - incisors;
3 - canine;
4 and 5 - small molars;
6,7 and 8 - large molars (the last one - a wisdom tooth - may be absent).

The sequence of the appearance of permanent teeth

The timing of replacing milk teeth with permanent ones is approximately the same. The teeth from the number of molars begin to appear from the age of 5, when the first large molars erupt. At what age do distant molars appear in children? The further replacement scheme looks like this:

The first to change are the central incisors on the lower jaw.
The central upper and lateral lower incisors appear at approximately the same time.
At the age of 8-9 years, the lateral upper incisors change.
Up to 12 years old, small molars should be replaced.
The canines have been replaced for about 13 years.
From the age of 14, the second large molars erupt, which are not among the milk teeth.
From the age of 15, "wisdom teeth" can appear, they often remain in the gums until old age.

Signs of growing molars

How to determine if the baby will soon have molars? The imminent teething of molars is evidenced by:
Increasing gaps between teeth in a milk bite. The loose arrangement is due to the growth of the jaw.
Temporary teeth are loosened, as their roots gradually dissolve and cannot be securely fixed in the jaw tissues.
If a milk tooth falls out, this indicates the eruption of a permanent one - it is from the temporary that pushes out.
In the place where the tooth appears on the gums, swelling and redness may appear, in rare cases - a cyst with a clear liquid.

Pain in the gum area, elevated temperature body, impaired well-being does not accompany the eruption of molars. These signs may indicate the addition of infection with lowered immunity, other dental and general diseases. When these signs appear, it is necessary to undergo an examination with the child.

Childhood Adult Teeth Problems

Nascent molars may already have dental problems, and parents should be prepared for them.

No molars

All the average dates for changing teeth have passed, and the permanent ones are not shown. Dairy products behave in different ways: they fall out or continue to remain in place. When consulting a dentist, a survey x-ray is taken, where the skull with molding teeth is clearly visible. The reasons for growth retardation can be a hereditary predisposition (and a picture will show this) or adentia - the absence of the rudiments of adult teeth due to a violation of their bookmarks in the prenatal period. Death with inflammation is also possible. In such cases, both the child and in the future, the adult is recommended to have prosthetics.

My tooth hurts

Immediately upon eruption, the tooth enamel has not yet reached the normal level of mineralization. This period is dangerous with a high probability of the appearance of caries in adults in children. With the defeat of caries, especially if deep destruction occurs, pulpitis develops, and with untimely treatment, periodontitis. In such cases, the baby constantly experiences toothache, the temperature may rise, there is a general malaise. The best way to save the child from toothache - a visit to the clinic. Delay leads to the spread of caries and the loss of an already permanent tooth.

If a child has problems with caries on milk teeth, it is possible to seal the fissures for prevention - to close natural deep pockets on the molars with composite materials. This procedure prevents food residues and plaque from accumulating in pockets, and therefore reduces the risk of infection.

Grow unevenly

If the molars erupt before the milk teeth fall out, their normal growth and position is disrupted. If the molar grows behind the milk one, this leads to a malocclusion and the need for orthodontic treatment. When consulting a dentist, the milk tooth is removed to give a chance to correct the curvature of the main tooth. Loosening the tooth yourself (and even more so pulling it out) is not recommended.

Permanent teeth fall out

If the molars in children fall out, this may indicate that the child has health problems. This situation can be caused both by diseases of the oral cavity (inflammation of the gums, pulpitis, caries), and common diseases(diabetes mellitus, rickets, systemic diseases connective tissue). Loss of a permanent bite tooth is a serious problem, since the restoration of the lost tooth will have to be given serious attention. This primarily concerns the teeth of the anterior group. For the development of the maxillofacial system to proceed normally, the child needs a temporary prosthesis, which must be replaced as the jaw grows. And only when it is finally formed, you can take up permanent prosthetics.

Injuries to molars

Children are very mobile, so there is always a risk of various injuries. Since teeth continue to mature for several years after eruption, the risk of damage from falling or impact is high. At the doctor's appointment, there are often small patients with a broken tooth or a crack after a minor injury. For minor injuries, correction is carried out, and the volume is increased with composite materials.

Many parents are interested in the question: do molars change again and can new teeth grow in children when old ones are lost. Cases of repeated replacement of the dentition in dental practice are rare as an exception. So you need to take care of all your teeth - both permanent and milk ones, no matter how hard it costs. Look at the photo - molars in children, as well as the stages of changing milk teeth to permanent ones - in the video.

Teething of a baby's first tooth - significant event, whom his family, and especially his mother, are looking forward to. Each person, including in infancy, is unique, and therefore teeth begin to appear in everyone in different ways. Someone’s first teeth are climbing one after another from three months, and someone’s crawling out from under the gums only closer to the first birthday. In medicine, there are cases when newborns were born with one tooth, but this is an anomaly and a huge rarity.

Formation of tooth buds in a child before birth

The formation of primordia occurs even in the prenatal period. Their first symptoms were recorded at 6-7 weeks of pregnancy. It is during this period that the fetus begins to form and develop, its future features and features are laid in it, including the teeth (the timing of the approximate teething).

At the end of the first - beginning of the second trimester of pregnancy, some formations from the enamel begin to divide into separate areas. These are the embryos. They can be clearly seen in the photo of the images. During the formation of the rudiments, unbalanced nutrition of the mother and bad habits(a passion for sweets, for carbonated drinks), as well as a lack of calcium in the body can negatively affect the quality of the future teeth of an unborn baby, as well as affect the timing of teething.

Timing and sequence in the teething of milk teeth: calendar by age

Numerous factors influence the timing of the tentative eruption of the first teeth (we recommend reading: in what order the first teeth climb in children: photo). First of all, heredity is noted. If dad or mom (grandmothers, grandfathers) erupted too sooner or later, it is more likely that they will appear in the baby according to the same schedule. Also, the calendar of tooth growth in young children is influenced by the climate, intrauterine development (severe pregnancy, complications, the likelihood of miscarriage, poor nutrition of the expectant mother, etc.), the lifestyle of the mother and child in the first months after childbirth, and so on. Despite the numerous factors and individuality of this process, scientists have drawn up an approximate growth plan by which you can navigate while waiting for the first tooth in infants.

Medical scientists have developed an indicative calendar. It contains information about all stages of the appearance of milk teeth in infants and older children. This calendar of the growth of teeth displays all stages of their appearance (for more details, see the article: the order of growth of milk teeth in a child). The timing and scheme of teething in children is a relative concept. They are not a rigid norm and in each case, the teeth are cut differently.

Table. Indicative teething calendar:

P / p No.	Teeth	Child's age
1	Lower central incisors (first in a row)	6-10 months
2	Upper central incisors (first in the upper row)	7-12 months
3	Upper lateral incisors (second in the upper row)	9-12 months
4	Lower lateral incisors (second in the lower row)	7-16 months
5	First lower molars (fifth in a row)	12-18 months
6	First upper molars	13-19 months
7	Upper and lower canines	16-24 months
8	Second lower molars (sixth in a row)	20-31 months
9	Second upper molars	24-33 months

The parents of the child should sound the alarm when the indicators are too different from the diagram or information given in the table. Based on the above data, we can conclude that by the age of 3 years a child should have 20 temporary teeth. Sometimes the timing of teething on the calendar is shifted and some babies can boast a mouthful of snow-white "pearls" as early as 2 years old. Below, in the table of eruption of replacement teeth, the order in which the teeth grow is displayed. In dentistry, teeth are numbered.

Deviations from the norm: possible problems

In young children, during the period of teething of deciduous teeth, the following problems may occur when they grow abnormally and incorrectly:

Symptoms of the appearance of teeth in children under one year old

Each child is special, unique and endures the teething process in its own way. For some, this period can pass completely imperceptibly - the mother can find out about the first tooth by hearing a knock on a spoon during feeding, and someone cries for weeks, does not eat, does not sleep, suffers from bronchitis, laryngitis, fever, he is nauseous, plus to all the diarrhea.

There are times when incisors and molars appeared almost imperceptibly, and canines brought a lot of anxiety and anguish. Despite the individual nature of this process, certain symptoms can be identified that almost all children have.

Local reactions

The first thing to look out for is:

slight swelling, and sometimes even swelling of the gums in the place where the first tooth should soon appear;
also in this place reddening of soft tissues can be noted, which indicates the processes occurring under the gum;
the child constantly pulls into his mouth everything that comes to his hand (mother's finger, his own fist, toys, nipples, a spoon, etc.);
when pressing on the swollen gum, the child shows negative reactions, indicating the pain of this action;
profuse salivation is noted.

Deterioration of the general condition

Together with local signs of the approaching eruption of the first teeth, changes in his behavior may occur in children and worsen general state health:

sudden mood swings;
poor sleep and appetite;
anxiety and constant worry;
complete or partial breast refusal due to sore gums;
the desire to alleviate the condition by massaging the gums with improvised objects (toys, fingers, other hard objects);
profuse clear watery discharge from the nose;
an increase in body temperature in babies (can vary from 37.5 to 39 degrees).

First aid for babies

When the first teeth come out, the child may experience not only discomfort, but also pain. At each stage of eruption, there can be different symptoms, and to make them easier, you can use pharmacy products in the form of dental gels for babies. What kind medications effective in this case?

It helps a lot in this case. baby drug Kamistad, Dentol, Solcoseryl, Kalgel. With severe pain and fever, the doctor prescribes Paracetamol or its analogs to the child.

You should also monitor the child until the temperature subsides. She can hold on for up to five days. Help to quickly relieve the condition and available tools:

rubbing the gums with a bandage soaked in soda solution;
hard vegetables and fruits;
chilled teether;
light soothing gum massage;
frequent breastfeeding or a pacifier.

When teeth fall out: changing milk permanent

Milk teeth perform temporary functions in the child's body. Their roots dissolve, they are much weaker than permanent ones. Sooner or later, the moment comes when the dairy falls out, the period of root formation ends and they change to permanent ones.

At what age and after how long are dairy products completely replaced by indigenous ones? The replacement scheme may also differ in each specific case, but there are also certain age ranges and the order of the loss of milk teeth, which can be displayed in the table. The sequence in which they appear may be different, but in most cases it is the same.

Table. Terms and sequence of loss of milk teeth:

Procedure and schedules of eruption of permanent teeth

The appearance of permanent teeth follows the loss of milk teeth according to the same plan. The growth of molars is similar to the growth of deciduous teeth (for more details, see the article: the formula of deciduous teeth in children and permanent teeth in adults). An approximate timetable for the emergence of indigenous people is as follows:

It should be noted that this pattern of changing teeth is only indicative. Possible various deviations in the time of eruption and loss of replaceable, as well as the growth of "adult" teeth. The order in which the teeth change is a purely individual indicator. The cutting of the "seventh" teeth, which were not in the milk, often occurs after the complete replacement of the milk permanent teeth. The growth of permanent, molar teeth is often accompanied by the same symptoms as when the first ones erupt. When a molar grows, the child may experience discomfort and soreness. The stages of eruption of permanent teeth, depending on the characteristics of the body and circumstances, may vary.