Multiple caries mkb. Caries classification

Caries is one of the most common dental diseases on our planet. Its presence on the surface of the teeth requires mandatory medical intervention in order to prevent their further destruction. And the caries classification system will help to choose the method of treatment of a particular clinical case.

The Black classification of carious formations on the surface of teeth was proposed in 1896 in order to determine the standards of treatment for each individual clinical case.

It included five classes, each of which had its own method of preparation and filling of teeth. After adding the sixth grade to the classification, it has remained unchanged until today.

Class I

The first class includes carious lesions of pits, fissures and natural depressions of the chewing, palatine or buccal surfaces of the teeth - the so-called fissure caries.

Class II

The second class includes caries of the contact surfaces of molars and premolars.

Class III

The third class includes caries of the contact surface of incisors and canines, which does not affect the integrity of their cutting edges.

Class IV

The next stage is more intense damage to the incisors and canines, which violates the integrity of their incisal edge.

Class V

The fifth class includes damage to the vestibular surface of all groups of teeth - cervical caries.

Class VI

The sixth class includes caries located on the tubercles of the molars and the cutting edges of the incisors and canines.

Classification of caries according to ICD-10 (WHO)

The classification according to ICD-10 (World Health Organization) is as follows:

• tooth enamel caries;
• dentin caries;
• caries of cement;
• caries suspended due to exposure to hygiene and preventive procedures;
• odontoclasia, characterized by resorption of the roots of milk teeth;
• other caries;
• unspecified caries.

By the depth of defeat

According to the depth of the lesion, caries is divided into several stages.

These include:

• initial caries;
• superficial caries;
• medium caries;
• deep caries.

Initial caries

The initial stage of the development of the disease begins with the formation of a white or dark spot on the surface of the tooth. At the same time, the enamel remains smooth to the touch, since it has not yet reached its anatomical destruction.

Toothache is not observed at this stage, and the treatment is carried out with minimal interventions in its structure.

The formed stain is removed using dental equipment and the teeth are remineralized in order to prevent the subsequent development of the carious process.

The next stage in the development of caries is the destruction of the upper layers of the enamel with the appearance of a reaction to a sharp change in the temperature of food and water, as well as sour or spicy food.

The smoothness of the tooth surface is disturbed, it becomes rough.

Treatment at this stage includes resurfacing the affected area with its subsequent remineralization. Applies and traditional treatment with preparation and filling.

Medium caries means the destruction of the enamel layer of the tooth with the appearance of periodic or already permanent pain sensations. This is due to the fact that the disease process has affected the upper layers of dentin.

Medium caries requires mandatory medical intervention, in which the affected area is removed, followed by its restoration with the help of a filling material.

Deep caries is characterized by extensive damage to the internal tissues of the teeth, affecting most of the dentin.

Ignoring this process and refusing to carry out treatment can lead to damage to the pulp, followed by a complication of the disease with pulpitis and / or periodontitis. Therefore, the affected area must be removed for the subsequent installation of the seal.

Video: types of caries

By the presence of complications

According to the presence of complications, caries is divided into complicated and uncomplicated.

Uncomplicated

Uncomplicated is a typically ongoing carious process, including its various stages (superficial, medium, deep).

Complicated

Complicated caries includes a disease accompanied by the development of concomitant inflammatory processes. Most often this is a consequence of untimely access to a doctor or insufficient treatment.

By the degree of activity

To assess the degree of disease activity, the Vinogradova classification is used, based on the division of caries into compensated, subcompensated and decompensated.

Compensated

Compensated caries is characterized by a sluggish or non-progressive process. In this case, lesions of the surface of the teeth are insignificant and do not cause discomfort in the patient.

With regular hygienic procedures, as well as taking special preventive measures, it is possible to stop the development of the disease at its initial stages.

Subcompensated

Subcompensated caries is characterized by an average rate of flow, at which it can go unnoticed and not cause concern to the patient at all.

Decompensated

Decompensated caries is characterized by intensive development and course, accompanied by such acute pain that it affects the patient's ability to work. Because of this, the disease is often referred to as acute caries.

It requires immediate medical procedures, because otherwise the process can spread to third-party teeth, followed by the addition of pulpitis and periodontitis.

By the nature of the flow

By the nature of the course, caries is divided into acute, chronic, acute and recurrent.

• Acute caries characterized by the appearance of signs of tooth damage within only a few weeks.
• Chronic caries develops over a longer period of time. At the same time, the affected tissues have time to be stained with bloom and food dyes, acquiring colors from yellow to dark brown.
• Sharp or blooming caries characterized by multiple lesions of dental tissues for a fairly short time. This phenomenon is often observed in children with low immunity, as well as in adults after removal salivary glandsaccompanied by dry mouth.
• Recurrent and secondary caries is the result of a number of provoking factors. These include damage or weakening of the enamel of the teeth, non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene, as well as a decrease in immunity due to any diseases of the body.

By the intensity of the process

According to the intensity of the process, the disease is divided into single and multiple caries.

In the first case, one tooth is involved in the process, and in the second - several teeth at the same time. The defeat of a large number of teeth in a short period of time is called generalized caries.

Process localization

According to the localization of the process, caries is divided into fissure, interdental, cervical, circular and hidden.

• Fissure or occlusive caries characterized by the development of lesions in the natural depressions of the chewing surface of the teeth.
• Interdental or proximal caries develops on the contact surfaces of the teeth, and may not be visualized for a long time. This is due to the specificity of the development of the disease: affecting the surface of the tooth, caries develops towards its center, while the cavity itself is often covered with a preserved layer of enamel. It can be detected using an X-ray or dark areas that show through the teeth.
• Cervical or cervical caries develops in the areas of the teeth located between their crown and root closer to the gum - on the neck. It is the result of poor oral hygiene.
• Circular or annular caries characterized by a circumferential lesion of the tooth surface. Appearance the disease resembles a yellow or brown belt around the neck of the teeth, with more than half of clinical cases occurring in children.
• Hidden caries characterized by the defeat of areas difficult to see, for example, tooth crevices.

By development priority

According to the primary development, caries is divided into primary and secondary.

Primary caries develops either on an intact tooth or on an area that has not been previously treated.

Secondary caries is recurrent, as it appears at the sites of the treated, that is, where the filling was previously installed. Due to the fact that the site of localization of the disease is often the area located under the filling or dental crown, it is called internal caries.

Video: why you need to replace the fillings

Classification in children

The principles of caries classification in children are practically no different from adults. The only difference is the division of its parameters into caries of permanent teeth and caries of milk teeth.

In the latter case, the picture of the lesion is the same as in adults, but due to the temporary appointment of milk teeth, treatment is carried out somewhat differently.

Depending on the nature of the changes occurring in the hard tissues of the tooth, as well as clinical manifestations, several ways have been created to classify dental caries.

MCB caries suggests the presence different signs at the core. According to the WHO classification, caries is separated into a separate group.

Classification of caries according to ICD 10

Such a phenomenon as caries ICD 10 is supposed to be divided into the following items:

• K02.0 This is enamel caries, that is, initial caries, which can be called the stage of chalk stain.
• K021 - caries affecting dentin;
• K02.2 - the so-called caries of cement;
• K02.3 - caries, which has stopped at the moment;
• K.02.3. These include odontoclasia, melanodontoclasia, and meladontenia in children;
• K02.8. Other types of dental caries;
• K02.9. Unsubtle caries.

The classification of caries according to microbial density 10 is currently one of the most popular. To its merits, we can attribute the fact that subheadings appeared in it in the form of suspended caries or cement caries.

Topographic classification

This classification of caries, like MCB10, is quite common in our country. For the practical component of the dentist's work, it is extremely convenient, since it takes into account the depth of the tooth damage.

• Carious spot stage... At the same time, we can observe the demineralization of hard tissues of a particular tooth, which can be either slow in the form of brown, or intense in the form of a whitened spot.
• Superficial caries... This stage assumes that the carious cavity appears within the boundaries of the human enamel.
• Medium caries... Tutu is talking about a carious defect that is located within the boundaries of the mantle dentin - its surface layer.
• Deep caries... Here we are talking about a pathological process that affects the already deep layers of dentin, known as peri-pulpal dentin.

In addition, clinical practice involves the use of the concepts of secondary caries and caries recurrence. Let's see what it is:

1. Under secondary caries it is customary to understand all recently formed carious lesions that appear near the filling in a tooth that has been treated earlier. This problem is also different by everyone histological features carious lesions. It manifests itself due to violations of the marginal fit between the hard tissues of the teeth and fillings. A gap appears, into which microorganisms penetrate with oral cavity, as a result, the conditions for the appearance of a carious defect at the boundaries of the filling in dentin or enamel become extremely favorable.
2. Recurrence of caries... This is progress or the resumption of the pathological process when the carious lesion was not completely eliminated during the previous treatment. Most often, this problem is found at the edges of the filling, during the X-ray examination of the patient.

Clinical classification

• Acute caries... It is characterized by the rapid development of changes in the tissues of the tooth, operational transitions of uncomplicated caries to complicated. In this case, after damage, the tissues become soft, weak pigments are expressed.
• Chronic caries... This is a slow process that does not go away for several years and spreads mainly in the plane direction. The tissues that are affected become hard and pigmented and take on brown tones.
• Other forms are also distinguished, such as blooming or sharpest.

Black classification

1. class. Cavities that are located in natural depressions and fissures;
2. class. Cavities on the contact surfaces of molars, both large and small;
3. class. Cavities in the contact areas of the canines, incisors, suggesting the preservation of the incisal edge;
4. class. These are cavities that are also on the canines and incisors, but the corners and incisal edges are violated;
5. class. We are talking about cavities on the lips, cheeks and tongue in the gingival parts.

Although Black did not describe class 6, it is still commonly used today. It means cavities that are located on the tubercles of permanent teeth, cutting edges of sharp teeth.

RCHD (Republican Center for Healthcare Development of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan)
Version: Clinical protocols MH RK - 2015

Dental caries (K02)

Dentistry

general information

Short description

Recommended
Expert Council
RSE on REM "Republican Center
health development "
Ministry of Health
and social development
Republic of Kazakhstan
dated October 15, 2015
Protocol No. 12

DENTAL CARIES

Dental caries is a pathological process that manifests itself after eruption of teeth, in which demineralization and softening of the hard tissues of the tooth occur, followed by the formation of a defect in the form of a cavity. ...

Protocol name:Tooth decay

Protocol code:

ICD-10 code (s):
K02.0 Caries of enamel. White (chalky) spot stage [initial caries]
K02.I Dentin caries
K02.2 Caries of cement
K02.3 Suspended dental caries
K02.8 Other dental caries
K02.9 Dental caries, unspecified

Abbreviations used in the protocol:
MBK -international classification illness

Date of development / revision of the protocol:2015 year

Protocol users: dentist therapist, dentist, general dentist.

Assessment of the level of evidence of the recommendations

Table - 1. Scale of the level of evidence

Classification

Clinical classification: . .

Topographic classification of caries:
• stage of the spot;
Superficial caries;
· Medium caries;
· Deep caries.

By clinical course:
· Fast-flowing;
· Slow-flowing;
· Stable.

Clinical picture

Symptoms, course

Diagnostic criteria for diagnosis

Complaints and anamnesis [2, 3, 4, 6,11, 12]

Table - 2. Data collection of complaints and anamnesis

Physical examination:

Table - 3. Data of physical examination of caries in the stain stage

Table - 4. Data of physical examination of superficial caries

Diagnostics

List of diagnostic measures:

Basic (mandatory) and additional diagnostic examinations carried out at the outpatient level:

1. Collection of complaints and anamnesis
2. General physical examination (External examination of the face (skin, facial symmetry, skin color, condition lymph nodes color, shape of teeth, size of teeth, integrity of hard tissues of teeth, mobility of teeth, percussion
3. Sounding
4. Vital staining
5. Transillumination
6. Intraoral tooth X-ray
7. Thermal diagnostics

The minimum list of examinations that must be carried out when referring to planned hospitalization: no

Basic (mandatory diagnostic examinations conducted at the inpatient level (during emergency hospitalization, diagnostic examinations are carried out that are not carried out at the outpatient level): no

Diagnostic measures carried out at the stage of emergency emergency care:not

Laboratory research:not held

Instrumental research:

Table - 7. Data instrumental research

Indications for consultation of narrow specialists:not required.

Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnosis of enamel caries in the stage of white (chalky) spots (initial caries) (k02

0) - should be differentiated from the initial stages of fluorosis and enamel hypoplasia.

Table - 8. Data of differential diagnosis of caries in the stain stage

It is necessary to differentiate from secondary caries, wedge-shaped defect, tooth erosion and some forms of fluorosis (chalk-speckled and erosive).

Table - 9. Data of differential diagnosis of superficial caries

Differential diagnosis of dentin caries (to 02.1) (secondary caries) - should be differentiated from superficial and deep caries, chronic apical periodontitis, wedge-shaped defect.

Table - 10. Data of differential diagnosis of secondary caries

Differential diagnosis of initial pulpitis(pulp hyperemia) (k04.00) (deep caries)
- it is necessary to differentiate from secondary caries, from chronic forms of pulpitis (chronic simple pulpitis), from acute partial pulpitis.

Table - 11. Data of differential diagnosis of deep caries

Treatment abroad

Undergo treatment in Korea, Israel, Germany, USA

Get advice on medical tourism

Treatment

Treatment goals:

· Stopping the pathological process;


· Restoration of dentition aesthetics.

Treatment tactics:
When preparing carious cavities, it is recommended to be guided by the following principles:
· Medical justification and appropriateness;
· Sparing attitude to unaffected tooth tissues;
· Painlessness of all procedures;
· Visual control and convenience of work;
· Preservation of the integrity of adjacent teeth and tissues of the oral cavity;
Rationality and manufacturability of manipulations;
· Creating conditions for aesthetic tooth restoration;
· Ergonomics.

Treatment plan for a patient with dental caries:

The general principles of treating patients with dental caries include several stages:
1. Before preparation of a carious cavity, it is necessary to eliminate as much as possible the cariogenic situation in the oral cavity, microbial plaque, factors that cause the process of demineralization and tooth decay
2. Teaching the patient about oral hygiene, recommendations on the choice of hygiene items and means, professional hygiene, recommendations on diet correction.
3. Treatment of a tooth affected by caries is carried out.
4. At the stage of white spot caries, remineralizing therapy is performed.
5. When caries has stopped, teeth fluoridation is performed.
6. In the presence of a carious cavity, preparation of the carious cavity and preparation for filling are performed.
7. Restores the anatomical shape and function of the tooth with filling materials.
8. Measures are being taken to prevent complications after treatment.
9. Recommendations are given to the patient about the timing of re-treatment and the prevention of dental diseases.
10. A record of treatment is made in the card separately for each tooth, form 43. During the treatment, materials and medicines are used that have permission for use in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Treatment of a patient with enamel caries in the stage of a white (chalky) spot (initial caries) (k02.0)

Table - 12. Data on the treatment of caries in the stain stage

Treatment of a patient with enamel caries m (k02.0) (superficial caries)

Table - 13. Data on the treatment of superficial caries

Treatment of a patient with dentin caries (k02.1) (moderate caries)

Table - 14. Data on the treatment of secondary caries

Treatment of a patient with initial pulpitis (pulp hyperemia) (k04.00) (deep caries)

Table - 15. Data on the treatment of deep caries

Non-drug treatment:Mode III. Table number 15.

Drug treatment:

Medication treatment provided on an outpatient basis:

Table - 16. Data on dosage forms and filling materials used in the treatment of caries

Other outpatient treatments:

according to indications physiotherapeutic treatment according to indications (supragingival electrophoresis)

Treatment effectiveness indicators:
· satisfactory condition;
· Restoration of the anatomical shape and function of the tooth;
· Prevention of complications development;
· Restoration of the aesthetics of teeth and dentition.

Preparations ( active ingredients) used in the treatment

Hospitalization

Indications for hospitalization with an indication of the type of hospitalization:not

Prevention

Preventive actions:

Primary prevention:
The basis primary prevention dental cariesis the use of methods and tools aimed at eliminating risk factors and causes of the disease. As a result preventive measures initial stages carious lesions can stabilize or reverse development.

Primary prevention methods:
Dental education of the population
· Individual hygiene of the oral cavity.
· Endogenous use of fluorides.
· local application remineralizing agents.
· Sealing of teeth fissures.

Further reference:are not carried out.

Information

Sources and Literature

1. Minutes of the meetings of the Expert Council of the RCHD MHSD RK, 2015
   1. List of used literature: 1. Order of the Ministry of Health of the RK No. 473 dated 10.10.2006. "On the approval of the Instructions for the development and improvement clinical guidelines and protocols for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases ”. 2. Therapeutic dentistry: Textbook for medical students / Ed. E.V. Borovsky. - M .: "Medical Information Agency", 2014. 3. Therapeutic dentistry. Diseases of the teeth: textbook: 3 hours / ed. E. A. Volkova, O. O. Yanushevich. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2013. - Part 1. - 168 p. : ill. 4. Diagnostics in therapeutic dentistry: Tutorial / T.L. Redinova, N.R.Dmitrakova, A.S. Yapeev and others - Rostov n / D .: Phoenix, 2006.-144p. 5. Clinical materials science in dentistry: textbook / T.L. Usevich. - Rostov n / a .: Phoenix, 2007 .-- 312s. 6. Muravyannikova Zh.G. Dental diseases and their prevention. - Rostov n / a: Phoenix, 2007.-446s. 7. Dental composite filling materials / E. N. Ivanova, I. A. Kuznetsov. - Rostov n / a .: Phoenix, 2006. -96s. 8. Fejerskov O, Nyvad B, Kidd EA: Pathology of dental caries; in Fejerskov O, Kidd EAM (eds): Dental caries: The disease and its clinical management. Oxford, Blackwell Munksgaard, 2008, vol 2, pp 20-48. 9. Allen E Minimal interventiondentistry and older patients. Part1: Risk assessment and caries prevention./ Allen E, da Mata C, McKenna G, Burke F.//Dent Update. 2014, Vol.41, No. 5, P. 406-408 10. Amaechi BT Evaluation of fluorescence imaging with reflectance enhancement technology for early caries detection. / Amaechi BT, Ramalingam K.//Am J Dent. 2014, Vol.27, No. 2, P.111-116. 11. Ari T The Performance of ICDASII using low-powered magnification with light-emitting diode headlight and alternating current impedance spectroscopy device for detection of occlusal caries on primary molars / Ari T, Ari N. // ISRN Dent. 2013, Vol.14 12. Be nnett T. Eme rgi ng technologies for diagnosis of dental caries: The road so far / Bennett T, Amaechi // Journal of applied physics 2009, P.105 13. Iain A. Pretty Caries detection and diagnosis: Novel technologies / Journal of dentistry 2006, No. 34, P.727-739 14. Mackenzie L, The minimally invasive management of early occlusal caries: a practical guide / Mackenzie L, Banerjee A. // Prim Dent J. 2014, Vol. 3, No. 2, P.34-41. 15. Sinanoglu A. Diagnosis of occlusal caries using laser fluorescence versus conventional methods in permanent posterior teeth: a clinical study./ Sinanoglu A, Ozturk E, Ozel E. // Photomed Laser Surg. 2014, Vol. 32, no. 3, p. 130-137.

Information

List of protocol developers with qualification data:
1. Yesembaeva Saule Serikovna - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Director of the Institute of Dentistry of the Kazakh National Medical University named after Sanzhar Dzhaparovich Asfendiyarov;
2. Abdikarimov Serikkali Zholdasbaevich - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry of the Kazakh National Medical University named after Sanzhar Dzhaparovich Asfendiyarov;
3.Urazbayeva Bakitgul Mirzashovna - Assistant of the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry of the Kazakh National Medical University named after Sanzhar Dzhaparovich Asfendiyarov;
4. Tuleutaeva Raikhan Esenzhanovna - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Acting Associate Professor of the Department of Pharmacology and Evidence-Based Medicine of the State Medical University of Semey.

Declaration of lack of conflict of interest: not

Reviewers:
1. Margvelashvili VV - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of Tbilisi State University, Head of the Department of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery;
2. Zhanarina Bakhyt Sekerbekovna - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor
Republican State Enterprise at the REM of the Moscow State Medical University named after M. Ospanov, head of the Department of Surgical Dentistry.

Indication of conditions for revision of protocols:revision of the protocol after 3 years or when new methods of diagnosis or treatment with a higher level of evidence appear.

Attached files

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Tooth decay. Definition, classification, assessment of the intensity and prevalence of caries, treatment methods.

Question 1. Definition of caries.

CARIES is a pathological process in the hard tissues of the tooth that occurs after the eruption of teeth and consists in focal demineralization of the enamel with the subsequent formation of a cavity.

The main reasons for the development of dental caries.

Presence of dental plaque

Eating a lot of easily fermentable carbohydrates

Factors contributing to the development of dental caries:

acidic reaction of saliva

crowded teeth

low concentration of minerals (fluorine) in the enamel

presence in the oral cavity of additional conditions for plaque retention (braces, orthopedic structures)

hyposalivation

Question 2. Classification of caries according to MMOM.

The classification of caries according to MMOM was developed taking into account the depth of the carious cavity:

1. Caries in the spot stage (MACULACARIOSA) - focal demineralization of enamel, without the formation of a cavity:

white spot - indicates an active carious process

pigmented spot - indicates some stabilization of the process.

2. Superficial caries (CARIESSUPERFICIALIS) - carious cavity is localized within the enamel

3. Medium caries (CARIESMEDIA) - the carious cavity is localized within the dentin, slightly deeper than the enamel-dentin border.

4. Deep caries (CARIESPROFUNDA) - the carious cavity is localized in dentin and predentin (near the pulp).

Question 3. International classification of caries by WHO (from the International classification of diseases of the 10th revision)

Initial caries (chalky stage).

Caries of enamel.

Dentin caries.

Caries of cement.

Suspended caries.

THE RATIO OF THESE TWO CLASSIFICATIONS:

Question 4. Classification of Black carious cavities.

Question 5. Diagnosis of dental caries.

Carious stain - upon drying, a loss of enamel gloss is detected; for differential diagnosis with non-carious lesions, vital staining of the enamel is used to identify focal demineralization. USED \u200b\u200bMETHYLENE BLUE, AND ALSO SPECIAL SOLUTIONS - "CARIES-MARKERS".

Carious cavities are detected by probing

X-ray therapy reveals carious cavities on contact surfaces, as well as caries under fillings.

Question 6. Assessment of the prevalence of dental caries:

To assess the prevalence of caries, the dental caries prevalence index is used. The index is calculated as follows:

Question 7. Assessment of the intensity of caries:

The intensity of caries is assessed using the KPU index:

For each patient, the number of carious, filled and extracted teeth is counted, then the results obtained are summed up and divided by the number of examined patients.

In some cases (especially in children), the CPP index is used - the sum of sealed and carious surfaces (an extracted tooth is counted as 5 surfaces).

The KPU index makes it possible to assess not only the intensity of caries, but also the level of dental care: if the K and Y components prevail, then the level of dental care should be considered unsatisfactory, if the P component prevails - good.

The main survey groups are 12-year-old children, 35-44 years old.

(for 12 years old)

very low level of caries intensity 0-1.1

low level of caries intensity 1.2-2.6;

the average level of caries intensity is 2.7-4.4;

a high level of intensity of caries 4.5-6.5;

very high level of caries intensity 6.6-7.4;

Question 8. Methods of caries treatment:

non-invasive (remineralizing therapy)

invasive (preparation followed by filling).

Remineralizing therapy is most effective in the presence of a white carious spot. It is carried out as follows: professional hygiene, application of calcium preparations, application of fluoride preparations.

Practice - rubber dam.

Cofferdam is a system for isolating the working field from saliva, as well as protecting adjacent teeth and soft tissues of the oral cavity from boron damage.

Indications:

dental caries treatment

endodontic dental treatment

restoration of teeth

use of Air Flow devices

Contraindications:

severe periodontitis

latex allergy

patient reluctance.

The set includes: punch, clamp pliers, clamps, latex, chords or wedges.

Using a rubber dam:

holes are marked on the latex according to the pattern

holes are made using a punch

latex is put on the secreted teeth, clamps are fixed on the allocated tooth or on adjacent teeth, fixation with wedges or chords is also possible.

In the clinic, floss is tied to the clamps (to pull it out if inhaled or swallowed)

Latex is pulled over the frame

Classification of caries by WHO. Unfortunately does not exist unified system caries classifications that would fully satisfy the requirements of clinicians. Today there are several dozen classifications of caries

When diagnosing carious lesions of a tooth, dentists use the following classifications:
Caries classification:
1. By the depth of the lesions of the tooth tissues:
- initial,
- superficial,
- middle,
- deep
2. By pathomorphological changes:
- caries in the spot stage (white spot, light brown spot, black),
- caries of enamel (superficial caries),
- medium caries,
- medium profound caries (corresponds to a deep clinic).
3. By localization:
- fissure,
- approximal,
- cervical.
4. According to the degree of disease activity:
- compensated form,
- subcompensated form,
- decompensated form.
5. Main: classification of caries by WHO (ICD-10, 1995):
- enamel caries
- dentin caries
- caries of cement.
6. Zonal classification (Lukomsky, 1949).
1. Carious spot: a) chalk-acute process; b) pigmented-chronic.
2. Superficial caries (enamel caries), acute and chronic.
3. Medium caries (dentin caries), acute and chronic.
4. Deep caries (caries of suprapulpal dentin), acute and chronic.

7. MMOMA classification(1989)


I. Clinical forms:
1. Stage of the stain (carious demineralization):


a) progressive (white or light yellow spots);
b) intermittent (brown spots);
c) suspended (dark brown spots).


2. Carious defect (disintegration):


A. Caries of enamel (superficial).
B. Dentine caries:


a) medium depth;
b) deep.


B. Caries of cement.


II. By localization:


1) fissure caries;
2) caries of the contacting surfaces;
3) caries of the cervical region.


III. With the flow:


1) fast-flowing caries;
2) slow-flowing caries;
3) stable process.


IV. By the intensity of the lesion:


1) single lesions;
2) multiple lesions;
3) systemic damage.


In practice, the term secondary, or recurrent, caries is used, when the process develops next to the imposed filling in a tooth with a living pulp.

International classification of diseases ICD-10
- codes and codes of diagnoses and diseases.

K00-K93 Diseases of the digestive system
.
K00-K14 Diseases of the oral cavity, salivary glands and jaws
.
K02 Tooth decay
(Tooth decay,)
K02.0 Caries of enamel
K02.1 Dentin caries
K02.2 Caries of cement
K02.3 Retarded dental caries
K02.4 Odontoclasia
K02.8 Other dental caries
K02.9 Dental caries, unspecified
(Tooth decay,)

Dental caries should be considered as a polymorphic pathological process, characterized by focal demineralization of the hard tissues of the teeth with the formation of a carious cavity, capable of aggravating, stabilizing, gaining different activity and being in varying degrees of compensation throughout life.