Tick-borne encephalitis vaccination memo. Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine: instruction, reaction

Content

The most dangerous seasons in terms of the frequency of tick attacks are the end of spring and summer. This time is the peak of the incidence of tick-borne encephalitis, especially for regions where insects live in large numbers and are actively developing. Prevention dangerous disease implies the setting of vaccinations for adults and children. Vaccine for tick-borne encephalitis administered according to a certain scheme, while it is important to know in advance about possible side effects and contraindications.

What is tick-borne encephalitis vaccine

To date, the tick vaccine is the only one effective prevention from the deadly tick-borne encephalitis virus. Vaccines contain a dose of a weakened pathogen that is not dangerous for humans. After its introduction, the body begins to produce antibodies that recognize and quickly destroy the components of the virus. After that, the person develops immunity to encephalitis: the antibodies that remain in the body after the procedure persist for a long time and, when infected with the pathogen, promptly neutralize it.

The vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis is safe, therefore it is impossible to contract the disease after vaccination, since the product contains dead forms virus. As a result of vaccination, 95% of people develop a stable immunity to pathology. Even in the case of multiple tick bites, the vaccinated in most cases will not get sick. Despite the insignificant risk of contracting tick-borne encephalitis (5%), even with this outcome, it will be much easier for the vaccinated to develop pathology: without complications or serious health consequences.

Indications for use

Tick-borne prevention should be carried out by people living in areas with a forest landscape and a humid climate. In addition, indications for immunoglobulin injections are:

• planned trips to endemic areas (especially in summer and spring when ticks are at peak activity);
• work in the environmental sphere, on farms, logging, military bases;
• frequent hikes, hunting.

Is vaccination required

The virus, which is carried by the pincers, enters the human bloodstream after the insect has sucked. To prevent infection, adults and children need to prevent the disease in a timely manner. For this purpose, special serums are used, which are injected with a syringe. The procedure is recommended for people of all ages, but the effectiveness of vaccination will be high only if it is carried out at least a month before possible contact with a carrier of the virus.

Doctors recommend prophylactic vaccination of babies after one year of age. For this, a special imported baby serum is used against tick-borne encephalitis (Inject, Encepur, etc.). In this case, the drug is administered to young children, only in the case of a high risk of infection with the virus. Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis is prescribed by the doctor after assessing the baby's health.

When to vaccinate

According to the standard scheme, the vaccine is administered three times, at regular intervals. The first procedure is best done in the fall, the second vaccination is given 3-7 weeks later, and the final dose of the drug is administered a year after the start of vaccination. Thanks to such a schedule, the action inactivated vaccines the most effective: the body forms immunity resistant to encephalitis, which should be renewed every three years.

If a person has an urgent trip to an endemic area, an emergency vaccination is carried out. Her scheme involves setting 2 vaccinations with an interval of 2-4 weeks. In this case, immunity is formed after 3-4 weeks, and with standard vaccination - after 1.5 months. For this reason, doctors strongly advise against vaccinating a patient who may face a disease vector in less than a month. To determine whether the introduction of immunoglobulins stimulated the development of immunity to encephalitis, you need to take a blood test after all procedures.

Vaccination schedule

A preventive procedure allows you to prevent the development of pathology after contact with its carrier. When should an adult, a child be vaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis? According to the instructions, vaccination against the tick-borne virus can be carried out according to two schemes - standard or accelerated.

The standard schedule for the introduction of an inactivated virus looks like this:

• dry purified tick-borne encephalitis vaccine - the first dose is administered at any time, the second - after 6-7 months;
• encevir vaccine - the first vaccination is given at any time, revaccination is carried out after 5-6 months;
• Encepur adult - primary vaccination is carried out at any time, repeated - after 4-8 months;
• Inject Junior - the first vaccination is given on any day, the second - after 4-12 months.

Accelerated prevention of tick-borne encephalitis, in which vaccination is carried out quickly, looks like this:

• dry purified tick-borne encephalitis vaccine - the first dose is administered at any time, the second - after 2 months;
• encevir vaccine - the first vaccination is given at any time, revaccination is carried out after 2 weeks;
• Encepur adult - primary vaccination is carried out at any time, repeated - after 1 week, the third - after 3 weeks;
• Inject Junior - the first vaccination is given on any day, the second - after 2 weeks.

4 types of tick-borne encephalitis vaccine

The choice of the drug is made by the patient himself, while using, as a rule, one of the imported or domestic vaccines listed below. The most popular remedies for the prevention of tick-borne encephalitis are:

1. Inactivated purified dry culture serum. The drug of domestic production can be used from the age of 3 and gives an 80% guarantee for the production of immunoglobulins. It can be used simultaneously with live or inactivated agents. The interval between dosing should be at least 4 weeks. The main advantage of whey is its relatively low cost. In addition, the drug rarely gives side effects.
2. Encevir. Domestic vaccine gives a 90% guarantee for the development of immunity to encephalitis. Allowed for use by adults over 18 years of age. The drug fights against such viral strains as European and Far Eastern. In order to prevent the population, vaccination is carried out not only before the season of tick activity, but also according to an accelerated schedule. After the end of the vaccination, to consolidate the developed immunity, a revaccination is carried out in a year. Subsequent repeated preventive procedures are carried out every three years. The advantage of the drug is the absence of preservatives, antibiotics or formalin in the composition, making the product safe and easy to tolerate.
3. FSME-Immun Inject-Junior. The Australian vaccine is allowed for children from 8 months to 8 years old. The drug gives 98-100% guarantee of the formation of immunity to the virus. The product is available in a children's dosage - 0.25 ml in a syringe. Children at the age of 1-2 years are vaccinated intramuscularly into the outer part of the thigh, older children are injected into the antero-outer zone of the shoulder. The advantage of vaccination with this serum lies in the persistence of the developed immunity: the repeated vaccination should be carried out only after 3 years.
4. Encepur. German drug gives 99% guarantees of the formation of the body's defense against viral infection. The vaccine is well tolerated even one-year-old children (this is the lower age limit for this drug). The main advantage of the serum is its maximum reliability: it is almost impossible to get infected with encephalitis. In addition, among other imported vaccines, only Encepur does not give any side effects.

Basic rules for drug administration

Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis is given intramuscularly and in no case should the drug be administered intravenously. Vaccine manufacturers provide that before using the drug, the ampoule must be kept at a temperature of at least 20 degrees for 2 hours. To prevent the formation of foam, the product is drawn up with a needle with a wide channel. The opened ampoule cannot be stored. When carrying out urgent prophylaxis, the solution is first administered to previously unvaccinated people or to those who have a suspicion of infection with encephalitis.

Harm

In order not to become infected with encephalitis, it is strongly recommended to carry out preventive actions... As a rule, the vaccination against encephalitis is well tolerated by people, without manifestation negative effects... However, about 5% of patients have allergic reactions in the form of a rash in the area of \u200b\u200bserum injection. Some vaccinated people may have a rise in body temperature and a general deterioration in well-being. Such symptoms go away on their own after 1-2 days.

Contraindications

Vaccines against dangerous infections, including tick-borne encephalitis, have a number of contraindications. There are relative and absolute prohibitions for carrying out a preventive procedure. The former are temporary, and after their disappearance, patients are allowed to vaccinate. These include:

• pregnancy, lactation;
• infectious pathologies of the liver, kidneys;
• skin infections;
• temperature increase;
• ARVI.

Absolute contraindications are:

• tuberculosis;
• diabetes;
• congenital immunodeficiency;
• malignant tumors;
• epilepsy;
• chicken protein allergy;
• ischemia of blood vessels, heart;
• illness circulatory system (chronic);
• endocrine diseases.

Side effects

Many viral drugs that are used for vaccination can cause unpleasant consequences. At the same time, imported solutions are less likely to stimulate side effects. Possible reactions organism on the injected serum are:

• temperature increase;
• headache;
• swelling, redness at the puncture site;
• pain in muscles, joints, aches, stiffness;
• apathy, drowsiness;
• nausea, vomiting;
• enlarged lymph nodes;
• absent-mindedness, fatigue;
• sleep disturbance;
• bowel disorder.

Do i need a vaccination after a tick bite?

Price

Many vaccination clinics offer special offers and discounts when ordering group immunizations. At the same time, despite the difference in price, imported and domestic whey have approximately the same effectiveness. The table below shows the cost of one dose of tick-borne encephalitis vaccine of different production (it should be borne in mind that the procedure involves several vaccinations).

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Attention! The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials of the article do not call for self-treatment... Only a qualified doctor can diagnose and give recommendations for treatment, based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

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Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine: instructions and contraindications

Tick-borne encephalitis is caused by a flavivirus, transmitted by ixodid ticks, cases of infection through fresh milk have been described. After 10 days incubation period manifests itself as catarrh, fever, headache, joint pain, lesions of the central nervous system (encephalitis - 30%, meningitis - 60%, meningoencephalitis - 10%). Endemic in forest and taiga zones. Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis in endemic areas has led to a decrease in the incidence: if in 2001 in Russia 6401 cases of tick-borne encephalitis were registered (incidence 4.38 per 100,000, in children, respectively 976 and 3.67), then in 2007 3162 people (2.21 per 100,000), incl. children - 405 (1.86 per 100,000). Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis is needed, in addition to risk groups, also schoolchildren, which is carried out en masse in a number of regions.

Indications, routes of administration and doses

Vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis cultured concentrated dry for children and adults The course consists of 2 doses (0.5 ml each) in autumn and spring with an interval of 5-7 months (the permissible minimum is 2 months). The first revaccination after 1 year, then every three years. The vaccine is injected subcutaneously into the subscapularis or intramuscularly into the deltoid muscle, for children from the age of 3 years.

EnceVir is used from the age of 3 years. The course consists of 2 intramuscular injections of 0.5 ml at intervals of 5-7 or 1-2 months (emergency scheme). The first revaccination - after 1 year, the next - after 3 years.

FSME-IMMUN® (cultured, highly purified, sorbed) is administered to persons over 16 years of age at a dose of 0.5 ml / m, it is possible to administer simultaneously with other vaccines to different parts of the body. Children 6 months-16 years old are injected with the FSME-IMMUN® junior vaccine. Basic (standard) vaccination: 2 doses with an interval of 1-3 months, emergency vaccination - with an interval of 14 days. Booster after 5-12 months, then after 3 years. Children under one year old are vaccinated at a high risk of infection. Expiration date - 30 months.

Encepur-adult is used from the age of 12 years. 2 schemes are applied. Traditional: 2 injections with an interval of 1-2 months, the third - after 9-12 months. after the second. The protective level of antibodies is reached 2 weeks after the 2nd vaccination. Emergency scheme: 0-7-21st day - 9-12 months. Revaccination - after 3-5 years. Effective protection 3 weeks after starting the vaccine.

Encepur-pediatric is administered to children 1-12 years old according to the same two schemes indicated above.

Human immunoglobulin against tick-borne encephalitis (IH) is administered 96 hours before visiting the foci by unvaccinated ones - intramuscularly 1 time at a dose of 0.1 ml / kg. The protective effect begins after 24 hours and lasts about 4 weeks, after which the same dose is repeated

Vaccination reactions and contraindications for vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis

At the injection sites, soreness, swelling and induration may occasionally be noted, sometimes with an increase in lymph nodes, even less often - a granuloma. After the 1st dose, a short-term fever, headache, pain in the extremities, nausea and vomiting are sometimes observed; these symptoms are rarely observed at the next doses. Allergic reactions are extremely rare. According to the WHO, FSME-Immun produces side effects with a frequency of 0.01-0.0001%. At the site of administration of immunoglobulins, itching and pain are possible, very rarely - anaphylactic reactions.

Contraindications, in addition to common to all vaccines, allergy to chicken eggs; tick-borne encephalitis vaccination is permissible after 2 weeks. after childbirth. The use of FSME-Immun is not contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation.

Tick-borne encephalitis vaccination: characteristics of drugs

Vaccines against tick-borne encephalitis - inactivated, adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide, differ in the original virus strains, antigen and protein content. All vaccines are stored at 2-8 °.

Tick-borne encephalitis vaccines registered in Russia

Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine dry for children and adults, Russia	Antigen (strain Sof'in or 20S), kanamycin up to 75 μg. No preservative. Protein up to 30 mcg. Applied from 3 years old.
EnceVir - liquid vaccine, Russia	Suspension of the virus (growth on a cell culture of chicken embryos). In 1 dose (0.5 ml) of chicken protein up to 0.5 μg, human albumin up to 250 μg, aluminum hydroxide 0.3-0.5 mg. Free of antibiotics and preservatives. Applied from 3 years old.
FSME-IMMUN® -Baxter Vaktsin AG, Austria. Junior (0.5-16 years old)	In 1 dose (0.5 ml) 2.38 μg of Neudoerfl strain virus (growth on a chicken embryo cell culture), phosphate buffer, human albumin. Free of preservatives, antibiotics and heterogeneous proteins. FSME-IMMUN® Junior - 0.25 ml / dose.
Entsepur-adult, Entsepur-child Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics GmbH & Co., KG, Germany	In 0.5 ml (adult dose), 1.5 μg of the antigen of the virus of the K23 strain, aluminum hydroxide (1 mg). No preservatives, protein stabilizers and human blood components. They are used at the age of 1-11 years and over 12 years old.

For emergency passive immunoprophylaxis, human immunoglobulins against tick-borne encephalitis are used.

Post-exposure prophylaxis of tick-borne encephalitis

Human immunoglobulin (IG) is administered after the tick is sucked (to persons who are not vaccinated or vaccinated less than 10 days before the bite): in the first 96 hours - 0.1-0.2 ml / kg (slowly, deep into the muscle), 5 ml in different parts of the body. After the 4th day within 28 days - incubation of tick-borne encephalitis - the drug is not administered, because this can aggravate the manifestations of the disease. For the same reason, in a number of countries, its children under 14 years of age are not administered. The drug has been withdrawn from the market in many countries.

The interval between the introduction of specific immunoglobulin and vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis should be at least 4 weeks.

Nowadays, you can become infected with the tick-borne encephalitis virus in many regions. Russian Federation... The infection was most widespread in Western and Eastern Siberia, in the Urals. The Moscow, Yaroslavl and Tver regions are disadvantaged.

In Russia, to protect against tick-borne encephalitis, adults are vaccinated with EnceVir. For children there is a vaccine "EnceVir Neo Children's", which is included in the vaccination schedule for epidemic indications.

Vaccine Description

EnceVir is an inactivated vaccine for immunoprophylaxis of tick-borne encephalitis viral infection. The vaccine virus was grown on a chicken embryo cell culture by reproduction, followed by inactivation and purification. Producer "EnceVir" FSUE NPO Microgen (Russia). The vaccine protects against strains of the Far Eastern and European type of tick-borne encephalitis viruses.

EnceVir composition:

• inactivated tick-borne encephalitis virus antigen (titer\u003e 1: 128);
• additional components: human albumin, aluminum hydroxide, protamine sulfate, sucrose and Natrii chlorate as a solvent.

The anti-tick vaccine "EnceVir" forms specific cellular and humoral immunity to the tick-borne encephalitis virus.

Indications for use

According to the instructions for use, the EnceVir vaccine is indicated for immunoprophylaxis of tick-borne encephalitis in people over 18 years old. Immunization is carried out for the urban and rural contingent living in the enzootic territory. The drug "EnceVir" is used to immunize donors in order to develop immunoglobulin against tick-borne encephalitis. Compulsory immunization is also necessary for people planning a trip to an enzootic region for tick-borne encephalitis. Vaccinations with the "EnceVir" vaccine are required for persons planning to perform such work in an enzootic region:

EnceVir vaccinations are given to medical personnel working with live cultures of the tick-borne encephalitis virus. Vaccination is also necessary for people planning a trip to an enzootic region for recreation or to carry out summer cottage work. After double vaccination, immunity is formed in 90% of vaccinated persons and lasts for 3 years.

Method and scheme of application

Vaccination "EnceVir" is done intramuscularly, 0.5 ml in the area of \u200b\u200bthe upper outer third of the shoulder. For the prevention of the population, vaccinations can be done not only before the season in March-April, but also according to an accelerated scheme.

Vaccination "EnceVir" is carried out according to three schemes.

1. Seasonal vaccination: twice with a break of 1-2 or 5-7 months. Both types of spacing are acceptable.
2. The emergency (accelerated) scheme consists of two injections with an interval of 3 weeks.
3. Immunization of donors: two injections of the vaccine with intervals of 3-5 weeks between them.

After the end of vaccination according to any scheme, revaccination is needed to consolidate immunity after 1 year. Subsequent revaccinations are carried out once every 3 years.

Emergency vaccination "EnceVir" is used when planning a trip to an enzootic region or after a tick bite.

Safe stay of people in the enzootic region is possible only 2 weeks after the end of the EnceVir vaccination course. One vaccination does not protect against tick-borne encephalitis virus infection. If urgent vaccination is needed, an emergency regimen can be used.

Reactions after vaccination

Side effects of EnceVir, as well as after other vaccines, are usually expressed at the injection site. Swelling and hyperemia last no more than 2-3 days. In some cases, a general reaction develops after the use of EnceVir:

• malaise;
• arthralgia or myalgia;
• hyperthermia up to 38.0 ° C.

Sometimes they swell the lymph nodes... An allergic reaction is rare. Side effects after immunization remain for no more than 3 days.

To reduce the risk of complications, precautions should be taken within three days after vaccination:

During the vaccination period, people often wonder why the EnceVir vaccination and alcohol are incompatible. As you know, alcohol reduces immune system person. The vaccine also has a temporary load on the body's defense system. Therefore, taking alcohol while using EnceVir can provoke post-vaccination complications.

Vaccination with the EnceVir vaccine, like any other, should be done in rooms equipped with anti-shock agents. After vaccination, one should not move away from the vaccination site for 30 minutes to observe the body's reaction.

Contraindications

If there is a fever on the day of EnceVir vaccination, the vaccination is temporarily contraindicated. For any chronic disease in the period of exacerbation, vaccination should be postponed. The vaccine can be given 1 month after recovery. True contraindications for EnceVir:

Pregnancy at any time is a contraindication for vaccination. If necessary, it can be done after 14 days at postpartum... In the case of the introduction of immunoglobulin, vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis is recommended not earlier than a month later. EnceVir is combined with other calendar vaccines, excluding rabies.

Vaccine "EnceVir Neo for children"

For immunization against tick-borne encephalitis of children from 3 to 17 years old, a special vaccine "EnceVir Neo for children" is used. It is done intramuscularly at a dose of about 25 ml in the area of \u200b\u200bthe upper outer third of the shoulder. The drug is an inactivated purified culture vaccine produced in the form of a suspension for intramuscular administration.

The composition of 1 dose of 0.25 ml "EnceVir Neo for children" contains:

• inactivated virus antigen from 0.3 to 1.5 μg;
• additional substances include: human albumin, sucrose, aluminum hydroxide;
• Natrii chlorate as a solvent.

"EnceVir Neo for children" is intended for the prevention of encephalitis in children living in the enzootic region or visiting this area.

When children are immunized with this vaccine, 2 schemes are used.

1. Seasonal vaccination is preferable from autumn to spring: 2 injections of 0.25 ml at intervals of 1–7 (optimally 2) months.
2. Rapid (emergency) immunization: 2 vaccinations of 0.25 ml at intervals of 14 days.

Emergency vaccination is advisable to apply before visiting the focus of the spread of tick-borne encephalitis, including in the summer. Revaccination is recommended to be done 12 months after the end of the vaccination course. Subsequent revaccination to maintain immunity is required every three years.

The formation of immunity in children against tick-borne encephalitis occurs only 2 weeks after a two-time vaccination course with the "EnceVir Neo Children's" vaccine. Therefore, it is not recommended to visit the center of possible spread of ticks earlier than this period. A single vaccination is not able to protect against infection in the event of a tick bite.

A relative contraindication for the "EnceVir Neo Children's" vaccination is an allergy to chicken protein. Vaccination is contraindicated for children suffering from cerebral palsy, neurological diseases and a severe allergic reaction after previous use of the vaccine.

Similar vaccines

The EnceVir vaccine has the following analogues:

• german-made vaccine Encepur Adults - intended for adults;
• Encepur children for children from 1 year old;
• austrian FSME-Immun is used in adults;
• FSME-Immun Junior for children from 12 months of age;
• FSME-Immun Inject is used in babies from 6 months;
• Russian "Klesh-E-VAK" for prophylaxis in children and adults.

As a result, we would like to emphasize that there are separate EnceVir vaccines for children and adults. Both are free of antibiotics, preservatives and formalin, are safe to use, and are easily tolerated. For children and adults who come to the epidemic area, an accelerated vaccination scheme is used, which can be used not only before the tick season, but also in the summer.

One dose contains:

active substance - specific, inactivated tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBE) antigen - 1: 128,

excipients: human albumin, sucrose, gelatin, sodium chloride, tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane.

One ampoule of solvent contains:

active substance - aluminum hydroxide gel 0.27 - 0.53 mg / dose,

excipient - leading for injection.

Description

Porous mass white, hygroscopic.

Reconstituted vaccine - homogeneous opaque

suspension of white color, upon settling, separating into a colorless transparent liquid and a loose white precipitate. When shaking, flakes, conglomerates and foreign particles must be free.

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Encephalitis vaccines, tick-borne encephalitis virus - inactivated whole virus

ATX code J07BA01

Pharmacological properties"type \u003d" checkbox "\u003e

Pharmacological properties

The vaccine is a lyophilized purified concentrated suspension of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBE) strain "Sof'in", obtained by reproduction in a primary cell culture of chicken embryos and inactivated with formalin.

The product does not contain formaldehyde, antibiotics or preservatives.

The vaccine stimulates the production of cellular and humoral immunity to the tick-borne encephalitis virus. After two injections of the drug (vaccination course), virus-neutralizing antibodies are detected in at least 90% of the vaccinated.

Indications for use

Specific prevention of tick-borne encephalitis in children over 3 years of age and adults

Immunization of donors in order to obtain specific immunoglobulin

Contingents subject to specific prevention:

1. Population living in areas enzootic for tick-borne encephalitis.

2. Persons arriving in these territories, performing the following work:

agricultural, irrigation and drainage, construction, excavation and movement of soil, procurement, commercial, geological, exploration, expeditionary, deratization and disinsection;

on logging, clearing and landscaping of forests, areas of health improvement and recreation of the population.

3. Persons visiting areas endemic for tick-borne encephalitis for the purpose of recreation, tourism, work in summer cottages and garden plots.

4. Persons working with live cultures of tick-borne encephalitis pathogen.

Method of administration and dosage

Preventive vaccination

The vaccination course consists of 2 intramuscular injections of 1 dose (0.5 ml) with an interval of 1-7 months.

Vaccinations can be carried out throughout the year (the vaccination time does not depend on the season of the year), including during the epidemiological season. A visit to the TBE focus during the epidemiological season is allowed no earlier than 2 weeks after the second injection.

The most optimal interval between 1 and 2 injections is 5-7 months. (autumn - spring). Revaccination is carried out once in a dose of 0.5 ml 1 year after the completion of the vaccination course. Subsequent long-term revaccinations are performed once every 3 years.

vaccinations are carried out with strict adherence to the rules of asepsis and antiseptics. The vaccine is dissolved in the supplied solvent at the rate of 0.5 ml per dose. The ampoule with the solvent is shaken vigorously, the necks of the ampoules are treated with alcohol, opened, the solvent is taken into a syringe and introduced into the ampoule with a dry vaccine. The contents of the ampoule with the vaccine are intensively mixed for 3 minutes until the vaccine is completely dissolved, drawing it several times into a syringe without foaming.

The vaccine is a homogeneous suspension 3 minutes after dissolution. Before injection, the contents of the ampoule are mixed, the inoculation is carried out immediately after entering the syringe.

The vaccine dissolved in an ampoule cannot be stored.

The drug is not suitable in ampoules with broken integrity, labeling, when foreign inclusions are detected, when changed physical properties (strong deformation of the tablet - a porous white mass becomes translucent and swollen in shape, discoloration, the presence of large non-developing conglomerates in the solvent after shaking it), with an expired shelf life, in violation of the storage or transportation temperature.

The drug is injected intramuscularly into the deltoid muscle of the shoulder.

The vaccinations carried out are recorded in the established accounting forms, indicating the name of the drug, the date of vaccination, dose, batch number, reaction to vaccination.

Donor immunization

Vaccination course - two intramuscular injection 0.5 ml with an interval of 5-7 months. or three injections at doses of 0.5 ml for the first and 1.0 ml for the second and third with an interval of 3-5 weeks between injections. The first scheme provides the best immunization effect. Revaccination - a single dose of 0.5 ml 6-12 months after the last injection of the vaccine. The first blood sampling from donors should be carried out 14-30 days after the vaccination course.

Side effects

After the introduction of the vaccine, in some cases, local and general reactions may develop.

When evaluating adverse reactions the drug was based on the following frequency data: very often\u003e 10%, often from 1 to 10%, from case to case from 0.1 to 1%, rarely from 0.01 to 0.1%, very rarely< 0,01 %, включая единичные случаи.

Local reactions:

Redness, swelling, soreness at the injection site

Rarely

Infiltration development

A slight increase in regional lymph nodes.

The duration of local reactions does not exceed 3 days.

General reactions

Often

- general malaise

Headache

Nausea

Temperature rise over 37.5 ° C

Rarely

- vomiting, diarrhea

In isolated cases, vaccinations may be accompanied by the development of immediate allergic reactions (anaphylactic shock, Quincke's edema, generalized rash, etc.), in connection with which the vaccinated should be under medical supervision within 30 minutes after vaccination. Vaccination sites should be provided with anti-shock therapy.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to vaccine components

Acute infectious and non-communicable diseases, chronic diseases in the stage of exacerbation (remission)

History of severe allergic reactions bronchial asthma, autoimmune diseases

Severe reaction (temperature rise above 40 ° C; at the site of vaccine administration - edema, hyperemia more than 8 cm in diameter) or complications to the previous vaccine administration

Pregnancy

When vaccinating donors, the contraindications related to the selection of donors should also be taken into account.

Drug interactions"type \u003d" checkbox "\u003e

Drug interactions

For epidemic indications, the simultaneous administration of a vaccine (on the same day) against tick-borne encephalitis and the administration of other inactivated vaccines (except for anti-rabies) with separate syringes in different parts of the body is allowed. In other cases, vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis is carried out no earlier than 1 month after vaccination against another infectious disease.

special instructions"type \u003d" checkbox "\u003e

special instructions

Vaccination of children and adults with chronic diseases in the acute stage is carried out no earlier than 1 month after recovery (remission). In each case of a disease that is not included in this list of contraindications, vaccination is carried out with the permission of a doctor, based on the state of health of the vaccinated person and the risk of contracting tick-borne encephalitis. In order to identify contraindications, the doctor (paramedic) conducts a survey and examination of the vaccinated person on the day of vaccination with mandatory thermometry.

Lactation period

Clinical studies of the safety of tick-borne encephalitis vaccine for lactating women have not been conducted. Vaccination of women during lactation can be carried out with the permission of a doctor, based on the woman's health status and the risk of possible infection with the TBE virus.

Features of influence medicinal product the ability to drive a vehicle or potentially dangerous machinery

Severe general reactions to vaccine administration (significant fever, severe headache) are a contraindication for management vehicles and mechanisms.

Tick-borne encephalitis - a disease that both children and adults are infected with every year. The peculiarity is that when infected, the central nervous system suffers.

Can lead to disastrous consequences, a tick bite can lead to meningitis, paralysis or even death. Encephalitis vaccination is usually carried out in the spring.

Today, several types of vaccines are used, the difference being in the country of origin. There is a domestic manufacturer, German and Austrian. Next, we will consider what is the peculiarity of the drugs in more detail.

Moscow vaccine

There are two types of vaccines from Moscow manufacturers, let's consider their specifics:

1. Vaccine of tick-borne encephalitis cultural purified concentrated inactivated dry. The vaccine is a suspension of the tick-borne encephalitis virus. The main function of the vaccine is to develop immunity to the tick-borne encephalitis virus. Adults and children from the age of three are subject to preventive vaccination. One course of vaccination is 1 dose, that is, 0.5 mg of suspension per person, re-vaccination is possible in two weeks.
2. EnceVir - the vaccine can also be used for children from three years old, injected into the shoulder, the main thing is that a specialist does this, because if you get into a vessel, vaccination can cause serious consequences for human health, up to shock. The primary dose of the vaccine is also 0.5 ml, re-introduction put in 1-2 months.

Austrian vaccine

Austrian encephalitis vaccine:

• FSME-IMMUN Inject - a vaccine from an Austrian manufacturer that goes through an effective purification system. It is used only for vaccination of adults, children can be given the vaccine from the age of sixteen. The suspension is administered only intramuscularly for better absorption. Initially, it is used on the day of treatment, and re-use is permissible in a month, the maximum permissible period is in three months. In the presence of viral diseases, the drug is strictly prohibited to use. Also, there is no possibility of application to women during lactation.
• FSME-IMMUN Inject Junior - permissible for use by children aged one year and older. After three times of vaccination, the effect remains for three years. Vaccination should be carried out in the absence of viral diseases, as a last resort after two weeks after recovery, and only after the conclusion of the pediatrician.

German vaccine

German vaccine against encephalitis:

• Entsepur adult - used to vaccinate adults, as well as children who have reached the age of twelve. One single dose is administered in the case of the patient's initial treatment at a dosage of 0.5 ml. Contraindicated in case of allergic reactions after previous vaccination, acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory viral infections, flu. The vaccine is not intended to treat an already infected person; its main focus is to develop immunity to the tick-borne virus.
• Entsepur for children - pediatricians recommend the vaccine for children aged one to twelve years. In case of emergency vaccination, the primary dose of the drug is first administered, and the repeated dose can be administered after two weeks. The second vaccine can be given between one and three months. The vaccine can be administered intramuscularly, and in some cases subcutaneously.

Which vaccine is the best?

There is an opinion among the population that a foreign-made vaccine protects much better against tick-borne encephalitis than it russian counterpart... This opinion is erroneous, since their composition is based on the same, while the procedure for using the drug depends solely on the age category.

Since 2015, in connection with the imposition of sanctions, they are most often used in practice russian drugs, but this does not mean that the vaccine will have less significant effect.

Indications for vaccination

Most often, prevention is prescribed in the following cases:

• Settlements with a fairly developed population of ticks.
• People who arrived in such territories with the aim of earning money for logging, for agricultural work, for commercial and geological work.
• Vaccination is also prescribed to persons who arrive at a territory with frequent outbreaks of tick-borne encephalitis, for the purpose of recreation and tourism, or those who have summer cottages in these territories.

Instructions for use

It is preferable to administer the vaccine intramuscularly to the middle third of the left shoulder. For young children, it is permissible to inject the vaccine subcutaneously into the middle of the thigh, in the absence of contraindications, it can be intramuscularly, the side does not matter.

But in no case should the vaccine be administered intravenously, this can lead to anaphylactic shock.

Before use, the suspension must be warmed to room temperature, and immediately before administration, the ampoule must be shaken so that the suspension becomes homogeneous. Before filling the syringe, the neck of the ampoule is treated with an alcohol solution.

Only one disposable syringe should be used for each injection. The dosage must strictly correspond to the age category.

Features of vaccination in children

Features of vaccination in children:

1. Parents should know that when choosing a vaccine, it is necessary to take into account that Russian-made drugs are permissible for use for children from the age of four, as for foreign manufacturers, then the restrictions start from the age of one.
2. If there is a choice of a vaccine, then everything depends on the degree of purification of the drug. When vaccinating a child, it may be better not to save money and choose the highest degree of purification, which refers to the preparations of Austrian and German production.
3. Some parents, absolutely not delving into the specifics of the vaccination, often refuse it. However, it is worth knowing that if an infected insect has bitten a vaccinated baby, then the infection will most likely not occur, and will pass in a very mild form.
4. Children sometimes tolerate the vaccine better than adults, cases of allergic reactions are very rare.
5. In the summer, you can stay calm if the child is often in nature.

Tick-borne encephalitis vaccination regimens

There is a scheme that, in principle, is suitable for everyone, both for children and for adults, however, there may be its own characteristics that are associated exclusively with the type of vaccine.

However, no one has canceled the existing rules that doctors adhere to:

• The first vaccination is done in the clinic on the day of treatment or on the day prescribed by the doctor.
• The second procedure is carried out in the period from 1 to 3 months after the first vaccination;
• And the last vaccination should be done in 9-12 months.

True, there are exceptional cases in which the second vaccine should be administered two weeks after the first, but this case is an exception, you should not be guided by it.

Contraindications to vaccination

Before carrying out the vaccination procedure, everyone should be examined by a specialist for the presence of viral diseases, since it is categorically contraindicated to inject a vaccine in the presence of a virus in the body.

There are also a number of diseases that prevent a doctor from prescribing a vaccine:

• Disease associated with malfunctioning of the kidneys or liver.
• Diseases of the endocrine system.
• Allergic reaction to chicken meat.
• Immunodeficiency, both congenital and acquired.
• Elevated temperature.
• Individual intolerance to the components of the drug.
• Chronic diseases (any).

Side effects

Some of the reactions that can occur after vaccination are quite natural:

1. Muscle pain at the injection site.
2. Increased heart rate.
3. Lymph node enlargement is possible.
4. Sleep disturbance, as well as appetite.
5. Disorders associated with the work of the gastrointestinal tract.
6. During the day, you can observe an increase in body temperature, accompanied by headaches.
7. Before any vaccination, as well as after it, it is always recommended to take antihistamines, since allergic reactions in the form of cough, rash, runny nose are not excluded. In the event that the symptoms continue for several days, then you should consult a doctor, as this may be an individual intolerance to the body not to the components of the drug.
8. Often there is swelling and redness at the injection site, which disappears on its own after a few days, the main thing is to exclude external influences.

Complications after vaccination

Complications can occur with any type of vaccination, so it is worthwhile to understand that the procedure cannot be carried out if:

• The person has joint pathology.
• Improper functioning of the cardiovascular system.
• Intolerance to the components of the vaccine, in this case, there may be Quincke's edema.

Where can you buy the vaccine?

The vaccine can be purchased at a pharmacy or online stores can be monitored and the drug ordered through the website.

Price

The cost of one dose of a domestically produced vaccine varies from 400 to 500 rubles, and if we take into account vaccines produced in Austria and Germany, then the prices here are much higher - from 1000 to 1500 rubles per dose.

At the same time, it is worth considering that when using various vaccination schemes, 2-3 doses will be required for complete prevention, based on this, you can calculate how much the vaccination can cost.