Contraindications to massage of the scalp. Head massage - the benefits of the procedure: video, photo

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Massage is a very important procedure, it is necessary as well as medicines. But apart from therapeutic effect it also gives pleasure, relaxation. Many people ignore head massage and only do it for headaches. But this is fundamentally wrong. The benefits of massage movements are extremely high. The ability to do them makes a person literally glow with happiness, health, and the same will happen with hair. Learning how to properly massage the head and neck, as well as the use of miraculous facial procedures, is the basis for the correct application of medicines to the face and skin.

Massaging exfoliators and stimulants into the scalp and shampooing your hair is also a massage. Thanks to the ability to massage the head, the effectiveness of the action of medicines increases. Massaging the face, neck, hair improves the blood supply to these areas, and also has a healing effect on the nerves.

Another benefit of massage is that it stimulates muscle work and activity sebaceous glands in the scalp. It is worth noting that the stimulation of the glands does not mean that they will begin to secrete a very large amount of sebum. Not. Sebaceous glands will work more efficiently, their activities will improve. After the massage, the scalp will become much more elastic, tightness will disappear, the hair will grow healthy and look better.

Basic massage rules

• Movements are performed smoothly, without jerking.
• Massage is carried out with the fingertips (not nails).
• The skin is worked with the palms to better stimulate the blood vessels in the scalp, face and neck.
• Try not to jerk your neck during the massage.
• First, you should run your hand through your hair and focus all your positive energy on the crown of your head.

Many people instantly calm down as soon as their head is massaged. This can be explained by the fact that there are many active points and nerve endings on the head, massaging which can help a person relax and calm down. Massaging the head is a very gentle caress and people fall asleep during this procedure. Even massaging while shampooing or brushing can be a lot of fun if done right.

Initial stage: warming up the facial muscles

The session begins with simple exercises for the facial muscles that will help to disperse stagnant blood.

Kiss.

You should stretch your lips with a tube, mentally count to five. Return to original. Do this 10 times.

Chewing.

Open your mouth as wide as possible. Make a vigorous chewing movement, close the jaw. Continue chewing calmly and slowly, counting in your mind to 12. This exercise is good for the hair and face. First, you should open your eyes as wide as possible, then your mouth. Stick out your tongue so that it stretches down to the chin. Mentally count to 15 and return to starting.

Libra.

An excellent facial massage technique that was originally used to relieve pain in temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome. Place your fingertips on your cheeks where your teeth meet when talking or chewing. Play with your fingers like playing the piano, pressing deeply, but so that it does not hurt.

Neck rotation.

Perform slow circular movements of the head in one direction and in the other direction 5 times.

Dangling.

Lie supine on the bed, place your hands on the sides, relax. Dangle your head over the edge of the bed to increase circulation to the head and neck. You should breathe deeply and evenly, relaxing. You need to be in this position for several minutes.

The final stage: the simplest massage of the scalp

• Forehead massage.

Support the back of the head with your hand to secure the neck. Throw your head back into your palm. Put your right hand on your forehead, placing your thumb and forefinger along the brow line. Strongly grab the forehead with your fingers and smoothly, without lifting, move your hand so that it is 2 centimeters above the hairline. Repeat 5 times.

• Scalp massage.

Press your palms firmly to your head above your ears. Work the skin from the sides in a circular motion. Then put one palm on upper part forehead, and the other in the middle of the occiput, slightly above the place where it meets the neck.

• Finger slide.

Press the pads of the fingers to the sides of the head, draw them up so that the fingers meet at the top of the head. Repeat 5 times.

• Circular study of the hairline.

Place the fingers of both hands in the middle of the hair growth above the forehead. You should massage the entire hairline with your fingertips, including the area behind the ears, the entire back of the neck, as well as the temples, paying attention to areas of baldness.

• Massage of the crown.

Place your fingertips on top of your head and massage in gentle circular motions. Massage from the inside, moving outward, forward to the temples, along the sides in the opposite direction. Repeat the action 5 times.

• Ear to ear massage.

Put your left palm on your forehead, relax your head. With the tips of the fingers of your right hand, firmly press the skin above the left ear and with soft, confident movements pass the entire line of the base of the skull from the right ear to the left. You can massage not too hard with the palm of your hand. Repeat 2 times.

• Zigzags.

You should massage your head with the pads of your fingers, making zigzag movements up and down. First, massage should be carried out from the top of the head to the neck, then back, in zigzags from the back of the head to the top of the head. Repeat two times.

• Hair pulling.

Firmly, but gently grab thin strands with your fingertips. Pull gently, mentally counting to three and release. In no case do not jerk sharply. Do this with all the strands.

Video with another way to do head massage

Inclined board

In addition to massage, you can increase blood flow to the head using an inclined board. By the way, massage of the scalp will be of maximum benefit if it is carried out on an inclined board. It originated in India and was originally called the yoga board in the West.

You can buy it at any sports store or make it yourself. You should lie on an inclined board with your feet on its dais a couple of times a day for no more than 10 minutes at a time. In this position, using the force of gravity, you can increase the blood flow to the head, expand the vessels, and improve the nutrition of the hair follicles. If you have your own inversion table or inversion boots, which are only recommended for very strong and pumped people, then they can be used instead of the incline board.

If you have high blood pressure, you should consult with your doctor before the procedure, who will most likely advise you to use an exclusively inclined board. Be especially careful when getting off the board, otherwise the sudden outflow of blood from the head may cause dizziness.

Performing a systematic head massage can get a double benefit: improve health and appearance your hairstyle, and also relax as much as possible.

Indications: for headaches, migraines, sleep disturbances, noise in the head and ears, hypertension, neurasthenia, residual symptoms of cerebral arachnoiditis, after previous meningitis, encephalitis, after suffering skull injuries without hemorrhage in the brain, with neuralgia of the trigeminal and occipital nerves , diseases of the scalp, cervicothoracic osteochondrosis.

Massage plan:
1. Preliminary massage of the front and back surfaces of the neck.
2. Massage of the temporal, frontal and occipital muscles.
3. Massage the scalp.
4. Final massage of the front and back of the neck.

Massage technique: The initial position of the patient is sitting on a chair, arms are freely lowered. The patient is naked to the middle of the chest. The initial position of the masseur is standing behind the patient.
1. General stroking of the front of the neck. The technique is performed simultaneously with both hands. To do this, the hands and fingers of both hands in the supination position are placed under the lower jaw so that the ends of the second, third, fourth fingers are located under the chin, and the thumbs are turned outward. From this position, the hands slide back towards the corner. lower jaw... From here, the hands slide to the handle of the sternum and to the sides to the shoulder joints. When performing this technique, the entire palmar surface of the hand and fingers comes into contact with the skin of the massaged area. In the area of \u200b\u200bthe sternocleidomastoid muscle, it is impossible to make deep pressure, since the neurovascular bundle passes here and such pressure can cause the patient to faint, dizziness and other unpleasant sensations.
2. Spiral rubbing of the front of the neck with four fingers simultaneously with both hands in the same direction and along the same lines as in the above stroking.
3. Alternate stroking. The technique is performed alternately with the right or left hand. The hand and fingers are placed under the lower jaw near the chin. At the same time, the thumb is retracted outward. From here, the hand slides first to the corner of the lower jaw, then to the handle of the sternum and towards the shoulder joint. At a time when one hand has not yet completed its movement, the second begins to produce the same movement on its half of the neck.
4.Long back stroking. The technique is performed with both hands at the same time. The arms begin to move from the top of the head and continue downward and laterally to the shoulder joints.
5. Spiral rubbing of the back of the neck with four fingers of one hand. The fingers move forward from the occipital bone to the shoulder joint. The technique can be performed in reverse with both hands simultaneously. The entire area of \u200b\u200bthe upper part of the trapezius muscle is rubbed.
6. Long back stroking.
7.Long front stroking. It is desirable that when performing this technique, the patient's head rests on the headrest. The hands are placed in the forehead so that the fingers are horizontal and their ends touch in the midline of the forehead. All fingers should be closed. The palmar surface of the hands and fingers fits snugly against the skin of the forehead. From here, the hands move to the temples, slide in an arc-like manner in front of the auricles to the corners of the lower jaw. When the middle finger slides under the angle of the lower jaw, the thumbs are bent to the palm, the hands take an oblique position and continue to slide along the sternocleidomastoid muscle to the handle of the sternum. At this moment, the thumbs straighten and lie on the back of the neck, clasping it. Then the entire palm rests on the shoulder girdle and continues stroking up to the shoulder joints. This technique is the link between the preparatory massage of the neck and scalp.
8. Circular rubbing of the frontal, temporal and occipital muscles with the thenar of one hand of the masseur. In this case, one hand makes rubbing, and the other fixes the patient's head from the opposite side.
9.Long front stroking.
10. Superficial stroking of the scalp. After completing the next round of the previous stroking, the masseur, standing behind the patient, places his hands in the area of \u200b\u200bhis forehead and strokes hairy part head, as when combing hair. Hands move separately and sequentially from front to back in the sagittal direction. Without stopping the movement of his hands, the masseur takes an anterolateral starting position.
11. Zigzag rubbing of the scalp. Reception is performed with one hand, the other hand fixes the patient's head in the back of the head from the opposite side. This technique is performed with the pads of four fingers bent and slightly parted. The fingers move the scalp laterally and move towards the back of the head. When performing the technique, you need to be careful not to pull your hair. The pressure should be light and the scalp should be displaced along with the massaging fingers.
12. Stroking the scalp.
13. Spiral rubbing with four fingers. The technique is performed with the pads of bent and slightly spread fingers in the sagittal direction, and the free hand fixes the patient's head in the parieto-occipital region from the opposite side.
14. Stroking.
15. Spiral rubbing with the thumb. When performing the technique, the massage therapist's finger goes through several lines until it covers the entire half of the scalp. Each hand massages its half.
16. Stroking.
17. Shifting. The technique is performed with the pads of four fingers. At the same time, the masseur's hand rests with the base of the palm on the patient's head. Pressing your fingers tightly to the scalp, they move it towards themselves. At the same time, the masseur's hand moves in the sagittal direction from front to back.
18. Stroking.
19. Intermittent pressure. The technique is performed with one or both hands, with the pads of the second and third fingers. The hand and fingers are positioned as when performing a shift technique. The pressure is carried out sequentially with one or the other finger.
20. Stroking.
21. Compression-compression of the head. Both palms are placed in the anteroposterior direction or placed on the lateral surfaces of the head and, pushing the elbows apart, slowly and gently squeeze the patient's head on both sides. In this case, your hands should not slide on the skin.
22. Stroking.
23. Puncturing. The technique is performed with the ends of bent fingers, more often with two hands. At the same time, the fingers beat easily, as if tapping out a drum roll.
24. Stroking the scalp, long front and back stroking.

Methodical instructions for massage technique:
1. During the massage of the scalp, it is necessary to closely monitor the patient's condition. The blind masseur asks the patient short questions about his well-being.
2. All Techniques in the area of \u200b\u200bthe scalp should be performed gently, rhythmically, painlessly, without applying great pressure.
3. Care must be taken when massaging the head in persons suffering from frequent dizziness and in patients hypertension.
4. The average duration of a scalp massage procedure without a preparatory neck massage is 8-10 minutes.
5. Each technique is repeated 4-5 times.
6. With a certain disease, the masseur chooses the most effective from the described techniques.
7. Often the massage of the scalp is preceded not only by the massage of the front and back of the neck, but also the forehead.
8. It is unacceptable for the patient's head to swing from side to side when performing massage techniques.
9. It is desirable that during the head massage the patient closes his eyes, and the massage therapist should try not to touch the patient's eyes with his fingers while performing massage techniques.

Contraindications: Fresh cases of cerebrovascular accident (not earlier than four to five weeks from the moment of onset), open wounds in the scalp, purulent and infectious skin diseases, presence or suspicion of a brain tumor, acute inflammatory diseases of the brain and its membranes, atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels with frequent spasms.

Neck massage. In some cases, the occiput is massaged separately, separating it from the general massage plan for the scalp (the pre-neck massage plan remains the same):
1. Long back stroking.
2. Zigzag rubbing of the hairy part of the occiput. Reception is performed from the bottom up.
3. Stroking.
4. Spiral rubbing with four fingers. Reception is performed from the bottom up. In this case, the patient's head is fixed in the region of the crown with the free hand.
5. Stroking.
6. Spiral rubbing with the thumb.
7. Stroking.
8. Shifting.
9. Stroking.

OCCAL NERVE EXIT POINT MASSAGE. The defeat of the occipital nerves is quite common. In this case, there are pain points that are quite easy to detect in a patient by palpation. One of them is located two to two and a half centimeters downward and outward from the external occipital tubercle, and the other is behind the mastoid process. In these places, in addition to massage the back of the head and the back of the neck, perform:
1. Circular planar stable stroking with the pad of the middle finger.
2. A circular, steady rub with the same finger.
3. Stroking.
4. Continuous stable pressure.
5. Stroking.
6. Indirect or direct mechanical vibration. A small rubber ball vibratode is used.
7. Circular plane stable stroking with the middle finger, and finally perform a long back stroking.

Head massage originated in India, as an important component of Ayurveda - the philosophical science of healthy life and the laws of longevity. It is difficult to imagine, but already 5000 years ago, ancient healers widely used this procedure as effective means fight against various diseases and better way restore strength, energy and beauty. In China, it was believed that such therapy would help to disperse stagnant blood and prevent hemorrhages; in Japan, it effectively fought migraines with its help. Women in ancient India massaged the scalp daily to give strength and beauty to their hair, and eminent Greek women visited special salons, where they found themselves professional care behind the skin.

Surprisingly, the ancient methods, having survived the millennia, have practically not changed. They only improved and adjusted to the requirements of a modern person. What is the secret of the centuries-old popularity and amazing demand for this, at first glance, unpretentious procedure? Let's try to figure it out.

Thematic material:

Depending on the goal, the masseur acts on different parts of the head. First of all, into the hairy zone, which is conventionally divided into several areas:

• occipital;
• crown;
• parietal;
• temporal.

Photo: the location of the head zones

They have special characteristics that must be taken into account during a massage session. Here:

• The skin is quite thick and can be easily dislodged or squeezed into a fold. The exception is the parietal region, where the outer integument is closely associated with the so-called monolithic tendon helmet and for this reason remain practically immobile.
• There are a large number of nerve endings that make the scalp especially sensitive and reflexively connect it to the remote internal organs and systems. Innervation comes from the cervical plexus.
• Many sweat and sebaceous glands open.
• The blood vessels diverge in a dense network. The current in the arteries goes from bottom to top, heading to the parietal zone, and in the veins - in the opposite direction.
• Lymph moves down the vessels to the parotid, posterior, and occipital lymph nodes. Hair growth takes place in the same direction.

It is important to know that the effect is produced strictly along the massage lines, which diverge downward from the crown of the head, coinciding with the direction of hair growth and lymph flow. Otherwise, the risk of injuring the hair follicles and creating obstacles to the movement of lymph increases, provoking the occurrence of congestion and blockage of the excretory ducts.

Photo: massage lines of the head

Facial massage is performed, most often, in order to stop the first signs of skin aging, improve blood circulation and relieve muscle spasms. For ease of execution, this part of the head was also divided into zones:

• superciliary arches;
• nose;
• chin.

Sometimes this includes the neck area. Follow the link to learn more about. Let us only recall that this zone has its own characteristics, without which a positive result of the procedure is impossible:

1. The skin of the face is the thinnest and most delicate, since there is practically no fatty tissue.
2. Almost over the entire surface, vellus hair grows, into the follicles of which sebaceous gland ducts open. They provide a specific lubricant with a protective function.
3. There are a large number of sweat glands in the forehead area, almost as many as on the feet.
4. Many vessels are located very close to the surface of the skin. They give the face a healthy pink tint.
5. 57 facial muscles not only help to express emotions, but are also responsible for the appearance of our face: wrinkles, drooping corners of the mouth, a spreading oval indicate that muscle fibers have lost their tone and need help.

Photo: relaxing dry face massage.

It is worth working on this area very carefully, strictly following the massage lines located in the places of least stretching of the skin (see photo).

Why, then, even a 15-minute massage session gives extraordinary lightness and burst of energy, and a long course is able to fully restore human health? It's all about the unique therapeutic effect of the procedure on the body, during which:

1. Blood circulation is enhanced. More oxygen begins to flow to the brain, which immediately affects its functioning: pressure normalizes, visual acuity and performance increase, memory and attention improve.
2. Hair becomes stronger and grows faster, as the nutrition of the hair follicles is activated.
3. Lymph flow is stabilized, which helps cleanse the body of toxins and toxins, and also relieves swelling and congestion in the tissues.
4. Muscles relax, spasms and tension go away.
5. Irritation of superficial nerve receptors has a distant reflex effect on the internal organs of a person.
6. Endorphins, hormones that provide pleasant sensations and suppress pain, are intensively produced.
7. The psychological state improves: the patient gets rid of nervousness, depression, irritability and insomnia.
8. The skin is cleansed of keratinized scales and the secretion of the sebaceous glands.
9. Immunity increases, the body becomes more resilient and easier to adapt to environmental conditions.

Photo: relaxing massage

Given such amazing results, doctors willingly prescribe such a massage as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent for:

• headaches;
• mild disorders of the cardiovascular system;
• hypotension;
• neuroses;
• stress and increased psycho-emotional stress;
• insomnia;
• syndrome chronic fatigue;
• colds;
• recovery from traumatic brain injuries and strokes.

Photo: cosmetic massage of the neck and face

Cosmetic massage is prescribed to eliminate or prevent the first signs of aging and some problems with the scalp: seborrhea, dandruff, as well as hair loss or poor hair growth.

Contraindications

The great healer of antiquity, Hippocrates, called massage the force of life that restores the body. But in some cases, this force can become destructive and harm a person, turning against his health. Never work on the head area if you suffer from:

• oncology;
• serious problems with the heart and blood vessels;
• high blood pressure;
• thrombosis;
• general malaise, accompanied by weakness and fever;
• purulent and inflammatory skin diseases in the acute stage;
• fresh burns or unhealed wounds;
• baldness or profuse hair loss;
• vasodilation.

A contraindication to head massage is alcohol or drug intoxication, and even taking antibiotics. The absence of prohibitions is not a reason to relax. Observe your condition after the first procedure. If the pulse is rapid, symptoms such as high blood pressure, headache and nausea, as well as dilated pupils - the session must be terminated immediately.

Head massage techniques

Originating in India, a useful and effective procedure has gradually spread throughout the world, being modified and enriched with new techniques and methods of exposure. Hence the variety of facial and scalp massage techniques known today.

Classic method

This procedure involves exposure to the frontal part of the head, the back of the head, the parietal, temporal zones and the crown. It consists of manipulations that have long become an academic norm and formed the basis of many other well-known techniques:

1. Stroking - with the entire palmar surface, without pressure, trying not to rub or displace the skin, 3–5 times from the frontal part to the back of the head (see the picture), from the parietal zone to the areas located behind the ears. Light touches warm the skin, relax the muscles , calm the nervous system.
2. Circular movements - we place and slightly bend the fingers, placing them on the surface of the head. Leaning on the thumb, we massage the rest of the skin, but do not rub it, but, slightly pressing it against the skull, move it clockwise. Having worked on one area, we rearrange the brushes to another, following the massage lines.
3. Vibrations - moving from the crown of the head downwards, we act on the scalp with short intermittent movements.
4. Beating - gently tap on the entire massaged surface with the pads of your fingers, preventing the appearance of painful sensations.

Photo: classic technique

We use these movements in different combinations, depending on the purpose of the procedure. So, classical massage for headache involves the following algorithm of actions:

1. We start with stroking.
2. With the thumb and forefinger, pinch the area of \u200b\u200bthe eyebrows, collecting the tissue in a fold.
3. We knead the temporal zone, massaging it clockwise.
4. With some effort, rub the area above the eyebrows, and then stroke the forehead with the palm upward.
5. We work out the entire scalp zone in a circular motion, moving from the crown to the periphery.
6. Rub the parietal region with the right palm, supporting the back of the head with the left hand.
7. Grasping these zones, we try to move the fabrics towards each other.
8. With small vibrating movements we pass along the massage lines.
9. Holding the hair at the roots, we pull it up, trying to lift the scalp.
10. We apply rhythmic, intermittent strokes with the fingertips to all massage zones.
11. We finish the procedure with a soothing stroking. To achieve the best effect, we repeat each manipulation from 3 to 5 times.

This massage can be performed without assistance. How to do this, we have already described in detail on the page of our site in the article "".

Indian method

"Champi" is the name of head massage in India, considered to be the birthplace of a healthy wellness procedure. The ancient Ayurvedic healing system sees it as a means of achieving physical harmony, energy balance and complete relaxation. A calm room with a comfortable temperature is chosen for the session. The masseur performs all manipulations according to a strictly defined scheme:

• The first stage is called “balancing the chakras”. It is aimed at restoring the balance of a person's internal energy and consists in acupuncture massage - stimulating biologically active points, reflexively connected with the organs and systems of the human body, as well as with energy channels and meridians.
• The second stage is “fatigue relief”. During it, the shoulders, upper back and neck are massaged. The purpose of these actions is to achieve complete relaxation, to remove spasms and clamps in the muscles.
• The new stage involves the massage itself.

The last step is the longest and includes several basic techniques:

1. Firmly press palms and spread fingers to the side surfaces of the head. Squeezing them a little, gradually move towards the crown. A nearby lying area is worked out in a similar way, from the bottom up.
2. With the palms located on the forehead and back of the head, rub intensively the skin in these areas.
3. With small vibrating movements created by the pads of the fingers, treat the massaged surface for 1 minute.
4. Stroke the head, moving from the forehead to the back of the head. At the same time, pass the hair through the fingers apart.
5. Rub the brow line, moving to the temples, which need to be stretched clockwise.
6. Finish the session with a soothing gentle stroking.

The duration of the procedure is about 40 minutes. Women are especially fond of her, because, above all, such a massage makes hair healthy and strong, significantly accelerating its growth.

Burmese method

This technique appeared a little later than the Indian, in the XIII century, and was widely used to restore the strength of soldiers overworked after a battle. The massage proved so effective that Buddhist monks began to study it along with the martial arts. These days, the popularity of the procedure has not diminished in the least, and it is still used as best remedy against fatigue and stress, as well as an excellent way to strengthen the hair follicles.

The session does not last very long - only 15–20 minutes, therefore it is often called “express anti-stress”. The patient sits, and the masseur, constantly holding his head, performs manipulations that seem, at first glance, chaotic. It alternates stroking the hairy part and the face with gentle kneading and rubbing, and also stimulates biologically active points. In addition, the algorithm of actions includes the obligatory stroking and pinching of the back, neck and shoulder girdle, as well as pressing the spine area to the coccyx with the phalanges of the fingers.

As a result, the patient experiences such a strong relaxation that he, at times, is unable to independently hold his head. Therefore, these sessions are best done just before bedtime.

Cosmetic massage

This procedure is useful not only for women, but also for men. It will help to make hair thick, strong and shiny, and the scalp - clean and healthy, without dandruff, peeling and excess sebum. It is not at all difficult to perform massage on your own, but first you need to undergo training from a master, watch a video or read special literature, which describes the main methods of exposure:

• It is recommended to start, as always, with light stroking with your palms, gradually increasing the pressure.
• Rub the scalp with all your fingers, moving from the lower border of hair growth to the crown and back.
• Move the skin clockwise upward from the back of the head in a circular motion.
• Set bent fingers as if you are trying to grab the entire hairy area. Without taking your hands off, make small vibrational movements for a minute, but not slide over the skin, but displace it.
• Apply intermittent pressure with your fingertips over the entire area.
• Perform percussion - a light tap that simulates keyboard performance.

The French are advised to do an express massage before going to bed. To do this, join your hands on your head so that you get a kind of helmet or helmet. Pressing them tightly to the skull, first move the skin clockwise and then in the opposite direction (5 minutes in each direction).

Acupressure

Legend has it that 3,000 years ago in ancient China, a peasant, accidentally hitting his foot on a hoe, noticed that his head, which had worried him for many years, stopped hurting. This pattern surprised the healers of that time, and after long observations, they discovered the relationship of certain points lying on the surface of the body with internal organs and systems. Today there are more than 700 of them, and they can be found throughout the body, including on the scalp and face.

Basically, they are located in the areas of the closest convergence of blood and lymphatic vessels, acting on which, we significantly improve the nutrition of tissues and the brain, contribute to the elimination of toxins and toxins, and have a distant reflex effect on internal organs.

We have already talked about the location of acupuncture zones on the head and the algorithm for acupressure for headaches in the article: "". We only recall the algorithm for influencing the active point:

1. For 30 seconds, we make light intermittent pressure.
2. We carry out 9 rotations in one direction and then in the other direction, without sliding on the skin.
3. For light exposure, use the index or middle finger, for more intense - both together or the thumb.
4. To stop the pain, you need to massage the point from 2 to 10 minutes. Pressing on the neck for more than 3 seconds is prohibited.

It is important to remember that there should be no acute pain during exposure, but unexpressed unpleasant sensations, such as a weak electrical discharge or slight numbness, may occur.

The cost of the procedure

The price of one head massage session in the salons of Moscow and St. Petersburg depends on the type and duration of the procedure: for the classic you will have to pay from 800 to 1000 rubles, for Thai, Indian and modeling myofascial (affecting the tissues surrounding the muscles of the face) - from one and a half to two thousand. Scraping massage Guasha will cost 1200 rubles, and Burmese and lymphatic drainage massage - 500. Cosmetic massage is considered easier to perform and costs a little less - about 400 rubles. It is important to remember that in order to achieve a healing effect, you need to complete a full course, which includes 10-15 such procedures.

Use of additional tools and devices

The fairer sex does everything for the sake of luxurious hair: they use expensive massagers, shampoos and masks, take dubious medications and make painful injections. But some of the methods have indeed proven to be effective over time, and will be incredibly beneficial for maintaining scalp and hair health:

In order for such a massage to bring only benefits and positive emotions, consult with your doctor first and learn how to correctly perform the basic techniques of the selected technique.

Feature articles

All types of head massage can be conditionally divided into 2 groups:

• medicinal (aimed at general improvement of the body by starting blood circulation, stimulating metabolic processes and activating one's own defenses);
• cosmetic (capable of eliminating external imperfections, as well as slowing down the aging process not only in the massaged area, but throughout the body).

For health and beauty

Using the body's internal reserves, therapeutic massages help get rid of headaches of various etiologies and relieve pain in the joints and muscles of the head, face and neck, stabilize blood pressure, normalize sleep and get rid of chronic fatigue. In addition, massage has a beneficial effect on the overall emotional state, is an excellent remedy for stress and nervous tension.

Cosmetic massages, in turn, also help to eliminate unpleasant sensations in the muscles of the head and neck area. But their main benefit is the prevention and treatment of cosmetic defects mainly in the scalp (combating dandruff and seborrhea, strengthening hair follicles, activating hair growth and preventing hair loss).

Features of execution

Massage services are provided by numerous medical centers, beauty salons, hairdressing salons, but if you wish, simple manipulations can be performed at home. It is enough to learn a few rules that will allow you to do an effective head massage for both your loved ones and yourself:

1. The massage stimulates blood flow and the work of the sebaceous glands, therefore it is better to perform it before washing your hair (preferably 2-3 hours).
2. The movements should be performed in stages: first, light stroking, then more vigorous (but not harsh) rubbing, pinching and pressing, and in the end, again soft stroking.
3. Manipulations should be done only along the hairline.
4. Before the procedure, hands should be washed with antibacterial soap and warmed so that touching does not cause discomfort in the patient.
5. You can use massage oil (burdock or castor oil) heated to body temperature.
6. After completing the procedure, you should pay attention to the cervical region, lightly massaging it with gentle movements.

The patient should be placed in a comfortable position (sitting or lying down with the head level with the legs) for maximum relaxation.

The main types and methods of head massage

Classical

The simplest and most universal type of therapeutic massage is its classic version, the technique of which is a complex effect on the scalp with palms and fingers:

1. The session begins with stimulation of the back of the ears, which should be massaged with the fingertips in light circular motions.
2. Hands must be placed on both sides of the head and hold it, gently moving the skin up and down and left and right.
3. The temporal zones should be worked out with the pads of the fingers, describing small circles clockwise and back, and also gently (so as not to cause pain) pressing on the points in the center of the temples.
4. Clasp your hands in the lock and several times "walk" up and down from the occipital zone to the base of the neck.

When performing movements in a clockwise direction, an activating effect occurs on the massaged zone, and in the opposite direction, a calming one.

Carrying out a classic massage will not take much time, but it will allow you to start blood flow and saturate the brain with oxygen, cope with headaches and relax muscles, get rid of drowsiness and yawning, and improve vision.

Indian (Champi massage)

Traditional Indian massage differs from classical massage by more energetic movements with strong pressure and tapping to set the right pace of blood circulation. But the modern version of Ciampi massage, adapted for Europeans, is more gentle.

The main effect is on the head, face, neck, shoulders and upper back, which are stimulated by pressing, squeezing and rotating movements:

1. First, you need to relax your back, shoulder girdle and neck, performing all types of manipulations in turn. This will relieve fatigue, relax and prepare for the next step.
2. Further, the head is massaged with similar movements, which makes it possible to relieve internal tension and improve blood circulation.
3. Particular attention should be paid to the temporal zones, which must be massaged in a circle up and down. Thanks to this effect, in addition to the heaviness in the head, eye fatigue is removed.

An important part of Indian massage is lymphatic drainage of the face and stimulation of acupressure points in this area, which has a tightening effect and helps to reduce swelling.

Thai

Thai massage is no less effective for relaxing the muscles of the head, neck and shoulders and is indicated for relieving the condition in case of nervous tension, overwork. That is why it is often called anti-stress massage. This procedure relieves headaches, restores working capacity, allows you to get rid of insomnia and gives a feeling of peace and tranquility.

Thai massage consists of the following points:

1. The first stage of massage is traditional warming up (rubbing, stroking and kneading the skin).
2. Further, it is necessary to gradually increase the force of pressure and work out biologically active points with intense circular, longitudinal and vibrating movements. You can alternate stroking and pressing with rhythmic abrupt strokes. It is important to remember that massage movements should in no case cause discomfort in the patient.
3. The procedure should be completed with light soothing strokes.

Cosmetic

This type of massage combines several techniques. It is designed to enhance the nutrition of the hair follicles by stimulating blood circulation, which improves the condition of the hair and scalp.

The procedure begins and ends with gentle stroking of the scalp in the direction of hair growth. Place your fingertips as close to the roots as possible. Gradually, these manipulations are replaced by rubbing and kneading the desired area of \u200b\u200bthe skin, as well as light tapping with a slight increase in pressure.

For patients suffering from seborrhea, the massage procedure should be performed on the bare scalp (dividing the hair into several partings and lifting the hair up with the help of clamps).

Self-massage

Relax and take off headache it is possible without anyone's help if you master the methods of self-massage of the head.

Point

The manipulation is carried out in circular and light pressing movements for 20-30 seconds. To do this correctly, you need to remember the location of several important zones (biologically active points), which should be alternately massaged with your fingers:

1. In the parietal fossa (helps to get rid of insomnia).
2. In the center of the forehead (promotes relaxation and pain relief).
3. Paired points of the frontal corners - 1.5 cm above the hairline (stabilize pressure).
4. In the occipital cavities (to combat seasickness and prevention of ophthalmic diseases).
5. In the center of the eyebrows (from dizziness and pain in the forehead, to relax the eye muscles, if you have to read or look at a computer monitor for a long time).
6. In the hollows near the tragus of the ears (rest for the muscles of the lower part of the face, stimulation of blood circulation in the facial, parietal and occipital zones).
7. Areas on the temples (relax the facial muscles, eliminate discomfort in the temporal lobes).

Self-massage can be performed while taking a bath, which significantly improves well-being and gives an energy boost.

Using a comb or massager

At home, a regular comb will help to perform a head massage. To do this, you need to take a massage brush (preferably a wooden one) with large teeth and round seals at the ends, loosen your hair and carefully comb the curls. Next, using a brush, you need to perform manipulations according to a certain scheme:

• in a circle from the neck to the temples;
• in a spiral from the forehead line through the parietal zone and to the occipital part;
• rotation from crown to neck;
• zigzag movements from the parietal region, first to the forehead line, and then to the temporal zones and the back of the head, slightly pressing on the scalp and choosing the amplitude depending on the length of the hair.

Finish the massage with the usual brushing and stroking with your hands without using a brush. This procedure will be useful not only for girls and women, but also for men as prevention of alopecia. It is better for a child to massage the head with a special soft brush with natural bristles.

Simple brushing with light massage movements will not only help you forget about headaches, but also strengthen your hair and improve your mood.

Contraindications to head massage

Like any procedure, head massage has certain contraindications. In case of hair loss and dermatological diseases of the scalp, it is better to refuse such manipulations in order to avoid complications and unpleasant consequences. In addition, massage is prohibited for infectious and fungal diseases, tumor processes, heart problems, hypertension, as well as for nervous and mental disorders.

To exclude a negative development of events, it is advisable to consult a doctor before starting the procedures. If there are no contraindications, you can safely go to the massage room, or conduct sessions at home. Head massage will become faithful assistant in the fight against many ailments and will ensure good health at any age.

Classic head massage is indicated for jaw injuries, cerebral atherosclerosis, neuritis facial nerve, trigeminal neuralgia, occipital neuralgia, some skin diseases, migraine, hypertension, hypotension, pneumonia, mental fatigue.

Figure: 1. Muscles of the head and neck:

1 - sternocleidomastoid muscle; 2 - chewing muscle; 3 - temporal muscle; 4 - occipital-frontal muscle; 5 - circular muscle of the eye; 6 - nasal muscle; 7 - large zygomatic muscle; 8 - muscle lifting the upper lip; 9 - circular muscle of the mouth; 10 - buccal muscle; 11 - muscle lowering the lower lip; 12 - chin muscle; 13 - muscle lowering the corner of the mouth

Basic techniques of classic massage

Stroking

Stroking is a technique in which the masseur's hand slides over the patient's skin with varying degrees of pressure without moving it. This technique is performed in order to relax muscles, relieve irritation of the nervous system, emotional stress, improve the outflow of venous blood, cleanse the skin of keratinized epithelium, prepare the body for more intense massage techniques.

- Plane stroking is performed with straight palms with closed straight fingers in the direction from the periphery to the center.

- When grasping stroking fingers and palms repeat the shape of the massaged surface, performing intermittent or continuous movements in the direction from the periphery to the center.

- Grabbing stroking is carried out with the pads of the spaced fingers in the direction from the periphery to the center.

- Comb-like stroking is carried out by the bony protrusions of the phalanges of the bent fingers.

- Forceps are stroked with fingers folded in a pinch from the periphery to the center.

- Ironing is carried out with the back of the fingers in the direction from the periphery to the center.

The duration of stroking during a massage session should be at least 10% of the total time. With this technique, the masseur begins and ends the procedure. In addition, stroking is used when moving from one massage technique to another.

Stroking should be performed strictly along the lymphatic vessels, i.e. from the periphery to the center.

First, a superficial stroking is carried out, then a deeper one. The stroking speed should not exceed 25 strokes per minute. Reception is performed slowly and rhythmically.

Trituration

Rubbing is a technique in which the masseur's hand slides over the patient's skin with a certain force and at the same time shifts in the direction of sliding.

The purpose of this massage technique is to increase blood and lymph flow, achieve hyperemia (redness) in the massage area, analgesic effect, prepare the patient's body for further massage techniques.

- Plane rubbing is performed with straight palms, tightly pressed to the surface of the skin and shifting it in the direction of movement from the periphery to the center and back.

- Sawing is carried out with the edges of both hands with the palms facing each other and located at a distance of 3-5 cm. In this case, the hands make a counter sawing motion from the periphery to the center and back.

- Grabbing rubbing is performed with the pads of the spaced fingers in the direction from the periphery to the center and back.

- Comb-like rubbing is carried out from the periphery to the center with the bony protrusions of the phalanges of the bent fingers.

- The intersection is carried out with the thumb and forefinger of both hands, which, covering the massaged surface, produce a counter movement from the periphery to the center and back.

- Pincer-like rubbing is performed with fingers folded into a pinch (most often 1-3 m), in the direction from the periphery to the center and back.

- Hatching is performed with the pads of the spaced fingers of both hands in the form of a reciprocating movement from the periphery to the center and back.

- When grasping rubbing, palms and fingers repeat the shape of the massaged surface, performing movements in the direction from the periphery to the center and back.

The duration of rubbing in the total time of the massage session should not be less than 25%. This technique is performed in different directions, but at the same time the places of accumulation of lymph nodes are not processed.

When rubbing, it is necessary to take into account the patient's age and the thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer. The speed of the technique is from 60 to 80 movements per minute.

Kneading

Kneading is a technique in which the masseur's hand lifts the skin and muscles, squeezing them, twisting, squeezing and rolling. The purpose of this massage effect is to enhance blood and lymph circulation in the muscles, improve tissue nutrition, stimulate metabolism, relieve muscle fatigue, increase muscle performance, tone and contractility.

- One-handed kneading is performed with the palm of one hand, which lies completely on the massaged surface, while the 2nd to 5th fingers perform a circular motion strictly clockwise, grab the muscle fold and rub it between the thumb and all the others. During this stage, the massage therapist's palm gradually and slowly moves from the periphery to the center.

- The movement is performed with the fingertips of both hands, which capture the muscle fold. It moves with the thumbs from the periphery to the center, and the rest of the fingers move in front of the fold.

- Squeezing consists in the fact that the back of the phalanges of the fingers, bent into a fist, is pressed on the massaged surface clockwise and against it. At the same time, the massage therapist's fists gradually move from the periphery to the center.

- Finger kneading is most often used for head massage and consists in pressing with the fingertips along a spiral path. In this case, the hand gradually moves from the periphery to the center.

- Pinch-like kneading is pinching of small muscles in a spiral with the pads of 1-3 fingers, folded into a pinch. In this case, the hand should gradually move from the periphery to the center.

- Pinching along partings is performed on the scalp. The thumb and forefinger pinch the skin across the parting. Direction - from the periphery to the center.

In terms of duration, kneading should take at least 40% of the entire session time. Kneading should be performed strictly along the lymphatic vessels - from the periphery to the center, without touching the places of accumulation of lymph nodes. During the reception, the patient's muscles should be relaxed. The speed of kneading is from 50 to 60 movements per minute. It is necessary to increase the force of influence gradually - from movement to movement, from session to session.

Vibration

Vibration is the transmission of vibrational and shock movements from the hands of the masseur to the surface of the patient's body. The purpose of this technique is to relax the muscles, remove physical fatigue, decrease or increase in muscle tone, restoration of lost reflexes.

- Patting is performed with the palms of both hands folded in a boat, rhythmically and alternately.

- Chopping is carried out with the edges of both palms with fingers apart and slightly bent. The blows should be applied rhythmically and alternately.

- Beating is carried out with bent fingers of both hands rhythmically and alternately.

- Quilting is performed in the form of slaps with the back or palmar surface of the 2-5th fingers of both hands.

- Puncture consists of small and irregular strokes with the pads of all fingers of both hands on the massaged surface.

Duration of vibration - at least 10% of the total session time. The vibration should not cause pain or discomfort in the patient. This massage technique is performed in different directions, but the location of the lymph nodes is not affected. In one area, the duration of vibration should not exceed 10 seconds.

Scalp massage

Massage of the scalp affects the improvement of blood circulation, the condition of the ducts of the glands, helps to cleanse the scalp from dandruff and sebaceous glands. When processing the scalp, there is direct contact of the hands with the skin, for which partings are made in the hair or, depending on the indications, massage is performed over the hair. During the massage, the patient should sit and the massage therapist should stand in front of or behind him. Massage of the scalp is performed in two directions: from the forehead to the back of the head and from the crown to the ears. Massaging the scalp uses techniques such as rubbing, stroking, kneading and vibration.

Massage over hair

This type of massage is recommended for diseases of the central nervous system, circulatory organs, and mental fatigue. When massaging over the hair, rubbing, comb-like, deep and superficial stroking are used, as well as such techniques as tapping and puncturing. Deep stroking from the temples to the edges of the lower jaw is recommended to be carried out with the supporting surface of both hands.

When kneading, put one palm on the back of the head and the other on the forehead and move the scalp from front to back. To displace the skin to the left and right, the massage therapist must place his palms over the patient's auricles. For a more effective effect on the body, massage of the scalp should be combined with massage of the neck area. It is recommended to repeat each massage technique 3–6 times, and the duration of the entire session should be at least 3 and not more than 15 minutes, depending on the purpose of the massage.

This massage is prescribed for some diseases of the scalp, in particular for dry seborrhea.

During the procedure, the skin on the head must be exposed by parting in the direction from the forehead to the back of the head and from the central parting to the right and left to the behind the ear. Massaging movements should be performed in the direction of hair growth. Otherwise, the hair roots are injured and discomfort is possible. The massage lines conditionally run radially downward from the crown of the head. To carry out stroking in the longitudinal direction, the skin is exposed, making a parting from the forehead to the back of the head. With the pads of the 2-5th fingers of both hands, 3-4 lungs are carried out in the direction from front to back, and then 3-4 deep stroking (see Fig. 2). During the massage, one hand moves after the other. Longitudinal stroking can be performed in another way: the fingers of one hand stroke to the back of the head, and the other to the forehead. The fingers can move simultaneously downward from the crown and back.

After stroking, it is recommended to apply the rubbing technique, making semicircular or zigzag movements with the fingertips. Longitudinal rubbing can be done by placing the fingers on the crown of the head with the base of the palms facing down. Fingers make vigorous small movements directed from the crown downward. For circular rubbing, use the pad of the 1st finger, placing the 2nd to 4th fingers on the crown for support (Fig. 2).

Kneading should be done by sliding the scalp away from you and towards you with the fingers of both hands. Vibration is recommended to be performed with quick alternate punctured strokes of two fingers. Light beating are carried out simultaneously or alternately with both hands, with the pads of 3-5 fingers. All of these techniques must be alternated with stroking. On one parting, 3-5 movements should be performed, and the distance between the partings should not be more than 3 cm. The duration of a scalp massage session cannot be less than 5 and more than 20 minutes.

Figure: 2. Massage the scalp

Face massage

The effect of facial skin massage is on the facial muscles (Fig. 3). These procedures are indicated for injuries and diseases of the face, as well as for cosmetic purposes, but the massage technique must be appropriate for each specific case. Cosmetic massage can be therapeutic, hygienic and plastic.

A hygienic massage is performed with the use of a cream for dry, aging skin, weakened muscle tone. It is recommended to wipe dry skin with lotion, then steam with a hot compress or steam bath. Then a rich nourishing cream is applied to the skin.

For the aging skin of the face and neck, it is recommended to alternate hygienic massage with plastic, using talcum powder. Of the massage techniques, stroking, kneading and vibration are used. Massage is recommended to be carried out 2-3 times a week for a month, and then once every 10 days. The course of treatment includes 15–20 sessions.

Therapeutic facial massage is prescribed for diseases and injuries of the trigeminal and facial nerves, injuries to the bones of the skull and soft tissues, in the postoperative period and for some skin diseases.

In this case, the procedures must be combined with exercises for facial muscles. A session of hygienic massage can last up to 15 minutes, and a session of plastic and medical massage using more energetic techniques - no more than 10 minutes.

If the patient suffers from high blood pressure, the face massage time is no more than 15 minutes, and with low blood pressure - 10 minutes.

For facial massage, certain conditions must be created. The room temperature must not exceed 22 ° C.

The patient lies or sits in a chair with a headrest, and the masseur stands or sits behind the patient's head. When conducting techniques, he uses both hands.

Massaging any specific facial muscles is almost impossible. The most accessible of them are the circular muscle of the mouth, zygomatic and frontal muscles (Fig. 1).

All massage movements, as a rule, are carried out with all fingers - their palmar and back surfaces, the middle phalanges of the fingers, collected in a fist, as well as the supporting part of the hand.

When massaging the frontal and temporal muscles, a superficial rectilinear and wave-like stroking with the pads of the 2-5th fingers of both hands is performed, making movements from the middle of the forehead to the temples. In this case, each hand of the masseur is directed in its own direction.

The strokes of the temples are carried out in a circular motion in a spiral. The forehead is stroked with both hands alternately from bottom to top from the eyebrows to the hairline. In addition, a wave-like forehead stroking is applied directly in the direction of the massage lines (Fig. 4).

Figure: 4. Forehead massage

After stroking the forehead, rubbing with circular and spiral massage movements in the direction from the forehead to the temples is carried out. Then apply the method of kneading in the form of light pinches or intermittent pressure with the pads of the fingers. Intermittent vibration is also recommended as a quick and easy puncturing with the pads of the 2nd and 3rd fingers.

In this part of the facial massage, the circular muscle of the eye and the muscle that wrinkles the eyebrow are affected (Fig. 5). The orbicular muscle of the eye consists of three parts: the eye, secular and lacrimal. With a strong contraction of the eye part of the circular muscle, the eye is closed.

The upper fibers of the muscles of the eye part pull the skin from the forehead, reducing the bending of the eyebrows, and the lower fibers lift the skin of the cheeks up. During facial massage, the lower fibers are stroked with the pads of the 2nd and 3rd fingers along the edge of the orbit in the direction from the temple to the inner corner of the eye. Then the root of the nose is massaged with the 3rd finger and transferred to the upper fibers, stroking with the 2nd and 3rd fingers from the inner corner of the eye to the temple. In this case, the 3rd finger should pass under the eyebrow, and the 2nd - above it. All massage movements around the eyes should cause slight skin movements. Each stroke is done 3-5 times. Then rubbing, puncturing and tapping with the pad of the 2nd finger is very carefully carried out.

Massage the age-old part of the circular muscle should be carried out with both hands simultaneously, making light movements with the pads of the 2nd to 4th fingers from the bridge of the nose to the temples along the upper eyelid, then in the opposite direction - along the lower eyelid. Movements should be gentle, continuous, but not circular and should be repeated 4-6 times.

When massaging the cheeks with the back or palmar surface of the 2-5th fingers, stroking is performed from the corners of the lips to the earlobes and from the wings of the nose to the tragus. In this case, the thumbs are under the chin and move to the corners of the lower jaw.

Figure: 5. Massage of the circular muscle of the eye and the muscle that wrinkles the eyebrow

Then, when stroking the chin, the 2nd fingers touch under the lower lip, and all the rest should meet under the chin and continue to move to the earlobes. When massaging the cheeks, stroking with the palmar and back of the fingers and the supporting part of the hands is used. Each method of stroking should be carried out 3-4 times, then proceed to rubbing. Rubbing the cheeks is performed with the back and palmar surfaces of the 2-5th fingers in the direction from the edge of the lower jaw to the nose, and then to the ear (Fig. 6).

After rubbing, intermittent kneading is recommended, which includes squeezing, pressing and shaking. In this case, the 1st and 2nd fingers of the hands grab the skin of the cheeks and squeeze out with movements similar to squeezing a bone from a cherry or plum.

Figure: 6. Kneading the skin of the face in the cheeks

With the pads of the fingers or the back surface of their middle phalanges, a circular kneading and shaking is carried out. It is recommended to vibrate the skin in the cheek area in the form of tapping and puncturing with the tips of the 2nd to 4th fingers.

Massage in the area of \u200b\u200bthe ears consists in successive stroking of the lobes with the 1st and 2nd fingers, then the lower, middle and upper depressions of the auricles. Finish stroking on the back auricle... Kneading is carried out in the same sequence.

When massaging the upper lip with the 3rd and 4th fingers, stroke the skin from the corners of the lips to the wings of the nose, as if trying to smooth out the nasolabial fold. Then the fingers slide towards the root of the nose and along its back to the very tip. It is also recommended to massage the nasolabial fold in the transverse direction.

Stroking, rubbing and squeezing the nose is carried out, starting from the tip towards the bridge of the nose, completing the movements on the temples with a light vibration. When massaging the skin in the chin area, stroking is carried out from the edge of the lower jaw to the middle of the chin, and then to the corners of the lips. Finish the chin massage by rubbing in the same sequence.

With aging skin, it is useful to fix the skin in the corners of the lips with the pads of the 3rd and 4th fingers of the left hand, and stroking and rubbing the taut skin with the pads of the 3rd and 4th fingers of the right hand. When massaging the skin of the chin, in addition to flat stroking, intermittent rubbing, kneading with light tweaks and intermittent vibration are also shown.

After injuries of the lower jaw, it is necessary to massage the chewing muscles, which make up the bulk of the muscles of the cheeks. The temporalis muscle, which can be easily felt in the temporal fossa, and the chewing muscle are considered the most amenable to massage techniques (Fig. 1).

Figure: 7. Massage of the trigeminal nerve

At the same time, massage is combined with gymnastics for the muscles of the lower jaw: movements of the jaw forward, backward, to the sides, lowering and raising.

Nerve endings on the face are massaged where they are located close to skin... So, massage of the facial nerve is carried out near the styloid process.

The trigeminal nerve has several pairs of points for performing massage techniques: in the upper orbital grooves, under the eyebrows; on the upper walls of the eye sockets, at the very root of the nose; in the middle of the distance between the anterior and posterior edges of the lower jaw, 3 cm upward from its lower edge (Fig. 7).

When massaging the nerve endings, stroking, rubbing, tapping with fingers and point puncturing with fingertips are performed. In addition, light and deep pressure is made with the pads of the fingers in the places where the nerves exit to the skin.

All techniques for facial massage should be carried out 3-4 times, without fail alternating with strokes. Cosmetic facial massage is not recommended for any pustular skin diseases, eczema, warts, pronounced redness of the facial skin and hypertrichosis (hairiness). In addition, all general contraindications should be taken into account.

Improper facial massage can provoke serious consequences, especially in elderly patients. They may develop new wrinkles, sagging skin will become more noticeable, and puffiness under the eyes will appear. When massaging your face, you need to choose the right oil and cream. It is best to take the advice of an experienced dermatologist. Before the procedure, it is recommended to remove makeup and cleanse the skin with a napkin moistened with a soothing lotion. It is very helpful to warm your face with a steam bath or a hot wet compress before the massage.

All massage techniques should be carried out gently, without increased movement and squeezing of the skin. Do not massage your face too vigorously to avoid redness and irritation. Kneading should be done especially carefully, while avoiding excessive stretching and damage to the skin of the face.

The duration of a massage session should be 10-15 minutes, and the entire course consists of 15-20 procedures. It is recommended to repeat the course of facial massage 2-3 times a year. Experts advise, along with a facial massage, to massage the skin in the neck area.

The procedure includes massage of the larynx and neck soft tissues. To massage the soft tissues of the neck, the patient should sit with his head thrown back, and the masseur should be in front of him or to the side. The massage should start from the back of the neck (fig. 8).

In this case, planar stroking is performed with bent fingers of both hands, moving from the mastoid processes (tubercles in the lower region of the skull) down to the clavicle and back. This massage technique should be repeated 2–4 times. Then a grasping stroke is performed on the back of the neck from top to bottom. When massaging the lateral surface of the neck, one hand fixes the patient's neck, and the other hand strokes.

Then the palms of both hands are placed on the lateral surfaces of the neck, the 1st fingers are taken to the chin, the index fingers are placed under the earlobes, and the rest touch the corners of the lower jaw. Enveloping stroking of the lateral surface of the neck is carried out from top to bottom.

Figure: 8. Neck massage

With flabby, aging skin, you can start moving from the bottom up from the jugular fossa by forceps-like stroking with the 1st and 2nd fingers in the direction of the muscle fibers in the neck.

Sometimes a massage technique is effective, in which both palms are set in the recesses under the lower jaw, and the thumbs rest on the chin. In this case, the movement is made from top to bottom, to the collarbones, but without pressure.

When starting to massage the front of the neck, the back of the head is supported with the palm of one hand, and the palm of the other hand is stroking from the edge of the lower jaw to the collarbone. After stroking, rubbing, kneading and vibration of the neck are performed.

Rubbing is performed with the supporting part of the hand and the pads of the 2-5th fingers. At the same time, the techniques of sawing, crossing and gripping are used.

When kneading the muscles of the neck, the index fingers are set in the middle of the clavicle region, and kneading is performed with 1 fingers of both hands, making circular movements.

Longitudinal and transverse kneading of the neck muscles is carried out with a forceps-like kneading movement, then they begin to perform vibration techniques: puncturing, tapping, quilting, patting with the palm and the back of the fingers of both hands.

Shiatsu neck massage greatly contributes to good mood (fig. 9). In this case, with the thumb of the left hand, pressure is performed on the front surface of the neck 4 times in a row.

Then, 3 presses are made on both sides of the back of the neck with the 2-5th fingers of both hands, and the massage is completed by pressing on 4 points on each side with the thumbs 3 times in a row.

Figure: 9. Points for neck massage using the Shiatsu method

When massaging the larynx, stroking and vibration techniques are used. Gently grasping the larynx with a thumb on one side and 2-3 fingers on the other, shift it from top to bottom and from right to left. Massage of the upper part of the larynx is performed with the pads of the 1st and 2nd fingers, stroking and vibrating.

Certain rules must be followed when massaging the neck. During the session, the patient should not hold his breath, and the massage therapist should avoid squeezing the jugular veins so as not to cause the patient to faint. When massaging the front of the neck, do not press on the hyoid bone, so that a cough reflex does not occur.

If any discomfort occurs in the patient, the massage therapist should immediately stop the session. When doing physical exercises for the muscles of the neck, each can be repeated no more than 2 times in a row. In addition, it is recommended to alternate neck movements with exercises for the limbs.

Classical massage for various diseases

Atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels

This disease is characterized by chronic insufficiency cerebral circulation. A person quickly gets tired, loses memory, feels dizzy, complains of headache and tinnitus. With atherosclerosis of the vessels of the brain, massage is indicated. In addition, therapeutic exercises are prescribed.

During the session, the patient should sit astride a chair, and his head should be resting on his hands lying on his back. Massage for this disease is recommended to be carried out every other day, combined with physiological and balneological treatment. The entire course consists of 15–20 sessions.

According to the doctors' observations, after the course of massage the majority of patients stopped complaining of a feeling of heaviness in the head and tinnitus, their headaches disappeared, blood pressure returned to normal, and their general condition improved.

But some patients have adverse reactions to massage procedures. Therefore, they must be stopped with the following symptoms: increased soreness of the nerve endings in the occiput; recurring crises and cerebrovascular accidents; low blood pressure, as well as a general deterioration in well-being. In addition, all these cases require the advice of an experienced specialist.

With a slight soreness of the nerve endings in the occiput, it is recommended to perform only light stroking techniques during the first three sessions, and starting from the 4th to carry out light rubbing techniques and light kneading.

With low blood pressure after a head massage, back and hand massage is indicated. In case of acute violation of cerebral circulation, massage cannot be performed.

The massage technique for atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels includes superficial and deep stroking, rubbing in the form of sawing, planing, crossing and stroking, longitudinal kneading in the form of pressing or rolling, shifting and stretching.

The frontal and temporal regions of the head are massaged with the supporting part of the hand and with the fingertips, producing planar and enveloping stroking, semicircular rubbing.

The hairy part of the head is treated with rake-like stroking and rubbing techniques. On the back of the head and on the back of the neck, a planar and enveloping stroking is performed. Finish the massage by stroking and kneading the collar zone.

The duration of the session should be 15 minutes, and the entire course of treatment includes at least 10 and no more than 20 procedures that can be performed daily or every other day.

Facial nerve neuritis

Before starting a massage for this disease, it is necessary to conduct an examination, including a blood test and X-ray of the head, and consult with such specialists as a neurologist, otolaryngologist, ophthalmologist. Only in this case it is possible to avoid mistakes and undesirable consequences of massage procedures.

In case of injury or disease of the facial nerve, the function of the facial muscles of the face is impaired. At its core, neuritis of the facial nerve is nothing more than paralysis of facial muscles. Unilateral neuritis is more common, in which only the lower branch of the facial nerve is affected. This is manifested in the asymmetry of the mouth, the smoothness of the nasolabial fold, the violation of lip movements. A person suffers from a defect in his appearance, avoids appearing in society, tries to constantly massage his face.

But the lack of the desired effect brings him new suffering. With the correct massage, blood circulation in the face area improves, speech is restored and, as a result of combination with other types of treatment, a complete restoration of the functions of facial muscles occurs.

Conditionally, the course of the disease against the background of therapy is divided into 3 periods. The first period corresponds to the complete absence of movements of the facial muscles or to the presence of weak hints of movement. The second period is characterized by the appearance of active muscle movements.

The third period is dedicated to the elimination residual effects muscle weakness and coordination of movements. The greatest effect in the treatment of facial nerve neuritis is achieved when, simultaneously with the massage, a set of special physical exercises is performed to train the affected facial muscles.

First, the patient must learn to relax the muscles of the healthy half of the face at the time of speech, after a conversation and a state of rest. The functions of the facial nerve are restored unevenly, so muscle movements also cannot resume in full at the same time.

Sometimes the muscles of the upper half of the face begin to function faster, sometimes the lower. Facial skin massage is performed both on the affected and on the healthy side of the face along the directions of the massage lines. As already mentioned, after a massage session, a set of special gymnastic exercises is recommended, as well as posture treatment.

The latter lies in the fact that the patient sleeps on his side, on the affected side of the face, and also that he chews food on both sides. In addition, daily it is recommended to sit for 10-15 minutes, tilting the head with the affected side to the side, resting the cheek on the back of the hand, the elbow of which is set on the table. It is also very useful to tie a headscarf around your head in such a way as to tighten the affected muscles from the bottom up, trying to restore the symmetry of the face.

The massage procedure itself consists of three parts: massage of the neck area, neck and face. After the treatment of the neck area and neck, they begin to massage the face. In this case, the patient sits down in front of the mirror, and the masseur is in front of him, since he must definitely see the patient's face. The massage uses such techniques as stroking, rubbing, gentle kneading and gentle vibration.

Previously, the patient is offered to relax the muscles of the healthy half of the face, for which the masseur, with light touches of the pads of the 2nd to 4th fingers, carefully performs the reception of continuous vibration, moving sequentially along the forehead, cheek and chin: from the middle of the forehead to the ear, from the base of the nose to the edge of the lower jaw, from the wings of the nose to the submandibular gland. In this case, 2-3 such movements are performed first on the healthy half of the face, and then (after 6-7 days)

and on the affected simultaneously with the healthy one, but very carefully.

The therapist tries to relax the muscles and eliminate facial asymmetry at rest. Then proceed to the main part of the massage of the skin, muscles and branches of the facial nerve, while making symmetrical massage movements on both the affected and the healthy half of the face.

Forehead massage consists in superficial, light planar stroking of the frontal and temporal muscles in the direction from the center of the forehead to the temples and from the eyebrows to the scalp. Then a spiral rubbing is performed in the same directions. When kneading the forehead with the 1st and 2nd fingers, pinch the folds of the skin when lifting the eyebrows.

The patient is offered to perform this technique on the affected side himself, moving his fingers up. After that, light stroking and kneading should be carried out with frowned eyebrows, then kneading in the form of light pinches, intermittent vibration in the form of puncturing, alternating all techniques with stroking.

Eye socket massage should be done with eyes closed. The patient should look down and then close their eyes. The eyelid on the affected side of the face will help lower the masseur, and without touching the eyelashes, he should hold the eyelid at rest for 30 seconds.

After that, the masseur will give the command to open and close your eyes 3 times in a row. Then everything must be repeated from the beginning. The next step will be stroking the circular muscle with the pad of the 3rd finger (with the eyes closed) in the direction from the temple along the zygomatic arch to the inner corner of the eye. Then the 2nd and 3rd fingers move along the upper edge of the eye sockets to the temples - the 2nd under the eyebrow, and the 3rd over the eyebrow. This movement should be repeated 3-4 times, not allowing the skin to move. After this, the patient is asked to squint, as in bright sunlight, and the masseur, using the 2nd finger, gently presses on the skin under the eyelid and gently moves the finger towards the nose.

The fingers move from the nose along the edge of the cheekbone to the ears, temporal region, and then down to the corners of the lips. Rubbing should be carried out with the back of the middle phalanges of the 4th-5th fingers, directing the movements from the lower jaw to the nose.

Then, vibration is received, acting on the nasolabial fold and the corners of the mouth. In this case, the patient is advised to puff out his cheeks and then relax the facial muscles. After that, you should lower your head, inhale, and when you exhale, pronounce "trra", vibrating with your lips. Both exercises must be performed 3-4 times.

The nasolabial fold of the face is massaged in the direction from the corners of the lips to the root of the nose, and then the nose is stroked and rubbed to its tip and back. Kneading is carried out by taking light pressure on the wings of the nose with the 1st and 2nd fingers of one hand, suggesting the patient to inflate the nostrils. The cheek massage ends with an exercise in which the patient moves air from one side of the mouth to the other with the lips tightly closed.

When massaging the chin, such techniques as stroking, rubbing and kneading are used, performing movements with 2-4 fingers in the direction from the submandibular region to the middle of the chin and to the corners of the lips. This technique is repeated 3-4 times.

The massage of the ear area is performed with the 2nd and 1st fingers, covering the ear on both sides and directing the movement from the lobe to the upper part of the ear. In this case, the front surface of the ear is massaged with the 2nd finger, and the back surface of the ear with the 1st finger.

When kneading, the ear is squeezed in the same sequence. Massage directly to the facial nerve is carried out by receiving a point vibration at a point located 1 cm below the ear canal.

When active movements appear in the affected part of the face, such an effect on the facial nerve is unacceptable. The massage ends with stroking the entire face.

Exercises for facial muscles

1. Raise and lower your eyebrows.

2. To wrinkle your eyebrows and squint.

3. Close and open your eyes.

4. Smile with closed lips.

5. Squinting your eyes.

6. Lower your head down, inhale and exhale, say "frr", vibrating your lips.

7. Let the air out with a whistle as you exhale.

8. Flatter your nostrils.

9. Raise the upper lip so that the upper teeth are visible.

10. Lower the lower lip so that the lower teeth are visible.

11. Smile with your mouth wide open.

12. Blow, as if about to extinguish a match.

13. Collect water and “rinse” your mouth, being careful not to spill it.

14. Take air in your mouth and drive it from side to side.

15. Inflate your cheeks.

16. Lower the corners of the mouth with closed lips.

17. Lower your lip to your upper teeth, stick out your tongue, rolling it up with a tube.

18. Sticking out your tongue, move it back and forth.

19. Sticking out your tongue, move it left and right.

20. Pull your lips into a "tube".

21. Roll your eyes, following the circular motions of your finger.

22. Retract and relax the cheeks with closed lips.

23. Close the lower lip with the upper lip.

24. With your mouth closed, move the tip of your tongue along the gums to the right and left.

Exercises to improve pronunciation

1. Clearly articulating, pronounce the sounds "o" and "y".

2. Bringing the lower lip under the upper teeth, pronounce the sounds "p", "f", "v" in a row.

3. To compose and pronounce syllables from these sounds, for example, "pi", "pa", "pu" ... "fi", "fa", "fu" ... etc.

4. Clearly pronounce words with the sounds "p", "f", "v" in syllables.

It is recommended to do gymnastics in front of a mirror. All exercises should be performed for both the affected and the healthy half of the face. It is recommended to repeat each exercise 4–5 times in a row with short pauses, and exercises for the eyes should be performed 2–3 times.

Massage and gymnastics can be performed 2-3 times a day. Massage and therapeutic exercises are usually prescribed daily for two weeks before full recovery functions of facial muscles. The duration of the massage can be from 5 to 12 minutes.

With absence positive effect sessions are stopped for 8-10 days, and gymnastics continue to be done regularly. Then the massage course is started anew (20 sessions).

With neuritis of the facial nerve, creams and lubricants are not recommended to be used, so as not to complicate the work with facial muscles. Massage is contraindicated in the presence of a tumor that is surgical intervention, as well as with neuritis, which occurs with an acute inflammatory process of the middle ear.

Trigeminal neuralgia

The disease consists in the defeat of the branches of the trigeminal nerve, expressed in acute excruciating pain on one side of the face. Neuralgia often occurs as a complication after the flu, as a result of toothache or inflammation accessory cavities nose. With this disease, massage of the face, scalp and nerve endings of the infraorbital and chin nerves is indicated.

When massaging the scalp, use a rake-like stroking and rubbing. Then, stroking, rubbing and kneading the surface of the neck are performed.

Facial massage is usually prescribed when blood counts are good and pain subsides. Stroking, rubbing, and light vibration are also used. At the same time, in the first three sessions, only stroking is performed, then, in parallel with the main massage, the nerve endings of the branches of the trigeminal nerve are massaged.

The exit of the infraorbital nerve to the skin surface is located 0.5 cm below the edge of the orbit, and the chin nerve - 2.5–3 cm above the edge of the lower jaw, in the middle of the distance between the anterior and posterior edges.

These points should not be massaged at the same time, you need to work with them consistently, for 3-4 days. Massage for trigeminal neuralgia should not cause pain.

Treatments should be daily and last 6-7 minutes. The entire course of treatment consists of 15–20 massage sessions. You can repeat the course no earlier than a month later.

Occipital neuralgia

Most often, neuralgia of the occipital nerve occurs as a result of a disease of chronic cervical osteochondrosis or as a complication after the flu. Disturbed by pain in the back of the head and neck, radiating to the area of \u200b\u200bthe scapula. In addition, the tone of the neck muscles is increased, which can cause the head to be in an unnatural position.

Massage for this disease is prescribed, as a rule, when the acute period has passed, and the pain subsides under the influence of drugs. The massage is done on the back of the head, back and side of the neck. When massaging the neck, stroking, rubbing, kneading and vibration are used. When massaging the scalp, use rake-like strokes and rubbing, moving the scalp in different directions.

During the session, the patient should sit astride a chair, and lower his head on his hands or a pillow on the back.

The first 3 procedures are devoted to a light massage of the scalp and neck, and on the following days a massage of nerve endings is added (the greater occipital nerve comes close to the skin surface near the occipital protuberance on the back of the head; the lesser occipital nerve can be massaged in the mastoid region).

The massage should not cause or intensify pain. The course of treatment consists of 12-15 sessions lasting 6-7 minutes each. It is advisable to combine massage with special therapeutic exercises.

Pneumonia

When with pneumonia inflammatory process is on the decline, patients are prescribed a massage of the nose and nasolabial triangle. In this case, circular stroking and rubbing, vibration of the wings and lateral surfaces of the nose with the fingertips are used, following the direction from the tip of the nose to the bridge of the nose and eyebrows.

In addition, it is recommended to apply linear stroking and rubbing the skin of the nasolabial triangle with the pads of 2-3 fingers. Before the procedure, the patient must cleanse the skin of the face from cream, cosmetics, dust and sebum secretions.

Each massage technique should be repeated 1–2 times, and the duration of the session should not exceed 1.5 minutes.

Mental fatigue

Massage for mental fatigue is primarily intended to affect the central nervous system in order to relieve emotional arousal, normalize trophic processes, metabolic processes and the work of all vital body systems. It is recommended to massage the back, neck area, chest, and frontal and scalp. Head massage is indicated for sleep disturbances, headaches, skin hyperesthesia. At the same time, the techniques of rake-like stroking and rubbing, stretching and shifting of the scalp, forceps-like stroking, rubbing and kneading the scalp, forehead, neck and collar zone are used.