Measures of legal training and education of disabled children. Legal issues of distance learning for children with disabilities

05.04.2020

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In a country that is

now in a demographic

crisis, the main wealth

it is not gas, not oil,

not natural resources.

The main wealth is her children.

J. Korczak

Introduction

International Day of Disabled People is celebrated around the world on 3 December. The International Day of Persons with Disabilities is aimed at drawing attention to their problems, protecting their dignity, rights and well-being, at drawing the attention of society to the benefits it receives from the participation of persons with disabilities in political, social, economic and cultural life. The social policy of the state is aimed at supporting disabled people, this is important, since their number is growing in the country. The range of problems of families raising disabled children and young disabled people is much wider than that of healthy peers: financial situation, education, employment, family creation, leisure and, of course, health. Sick adolescents and young people are much more difficult than their elders to endure the psychological pressure of the environment, often the indifference and hostility of others, as well as the lack of demand from society. The life and work of disabled people is difficult and limited by one or another health defect. They dream of the simplest things, because in fact it is very difficult for them to rehabilitate in life.

In our time, people are divided by education, in the modern era people are more and more differentiated depending on the level of knowledge, the ability to receive and process information, generate new ideas. In conditions of unequal starting opportunities, which include limitations caused by diseases, this differentiation is further exacerbated. One of the most important factors in the socialization of persons with disabilities health and disabled people is to ensure their socially useful employment. It is generally accepted that having a profession significantly expands the possibilities a fulfilling life disabled people. Therefore, it is of particular importance to expand the opportunities for disabled persons to receive vocational education, as well as vocational training. Not everyone in society thinks about the fact that people with physical or mental disabilities want to live the same life as everyone else: first go to kindergarten, then go to school, go to college, get a profession, skills of life in society. Children with disabilities want to learn (if, of course, the disease allows), develop and are ready to overcome many difficulties for this.

My choice of this topic was not accidental, I was never left indifferent by the situation of disabled children. Among my friends there are guys who are limited in health. Now we are at such an age when it is necessary to decide on the choice of a future profession, and recently they have begun to talk about it more and more often. I began to think about how to get a job for such guys further in life, if, due to health reasons, the possibilities of obtaining a profession are limited. I decided to find answers to these questions, what social guarantees and educational opportunities exist for children with disabilities.

Before starting my work, I outlined the following research plan:

Monitor how the current legislation regulates the protection of the rights of children with disabilities to education;

Analyze media materials on the issue under study;

Analyze possible options for getting education for disabled people;

Conduct a social survey among students and a survey among teachers of the Astrakhan Suvorov military school of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia;

Conduct a social survey among students and teachers of the Moscow State Educational Institution "Limanskaya Secondary School No. 1", in which I studied;

Find out at the Astrakhan State University and the Astrakhan State Technical University whether they have disabled children;

Find out at the employment center how things are going with the employment of disabled people.

Main part

1.1 Research

Having familiarized myself with the legislative framework, I learned that the right to education is reflected in the Constitution of the Russian Federation and international legal acts recognized in the Russian Federation. The basic rights of citizens in this area are enshrined in Article 43 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation "Every Citizen Has the Right to Education", it guarantees the availability and free of charge preschool, basic general and secondary vocational education in state or municipal educational institutions and enterprises. Everyone has the right, on a competitive basis, to receive a higher education free of charge at a state or municipal institution or at an enterprise.

The main law governing the constitutional right to education is the RF Law “On Education” and the Federal Law “On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education”. Part 1 of paragraph 5 of Article 5 of the "Law on Education" says: "the necessary conditions are created for obtaining a quality education without discrimination for persons with disabilities, for correcting developmental disorders and social adaptation, providing early corrective assistance on the basis of special pedagogical approaches and the languages \u200b\u200bmost suitable for these persons, methods and methods of communication and conditions that maximally contribute to the acquisition of education of a certain level and a certain orientation, as well as the social development of these persons, including through the organization of inclusive education for persons with disabilities health ".

Article 19 of Federal Law No. 181-FZ "On social protection people with disabilities in the Russian Federation "contains very important norms:" Bodies in charge of education, and educational organizations, together with the social protection of the population and health authorities, ensure that disabled people receive public and free preschool, primary general, basic general, secondary general education and secondary vocational education, as well as free higher education».

On December 13, 2006, the UN General Assembly Resolution No. 61/106 adopted the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Article 24 of the Convention is entirely devoted to education. States Parties recognize the right of persons with disabilities to education. To realize this right without discrimination and on the basis of equality of opportunity, participating States shall ensure inclusive education at all levels and lifelong learning, while striving to:

To the development of the personality, talents and creativity of disabled people, as well as their mental and physical abilities to the fullest extent;

To empower people with disabilities to participate effectively in the life of a free society.

Thus, each child, in accordance with the norms of international and Russian legislation, has the following rights in the field of education:

The right to respect for one's human dignity;

Equal rights when entering educational institutions.

If we analyze the above documents, we can conclude that international and Russian legislation contains a guarantee of the rights of every child to receive education to the maximum extent.

1.2. Real guarantees of disabled people for education

Having studied legislative framework international and Russian, I decided to find out whether all the guarantees of the rights enshrined in laws are in reality for disabled people.

Having familiarized myself with the media materials, I came to the conclusion that it is not easy for citizens in Russia, especially those with disabilities, to achieve the exercise of their rights in various areas, in particular, in the field of education, although education is proclaimed in Russia as one of the priorities of domestic policy state. What do we see in life?

The media have only recently and so far paid insufficient attention to the problem of children with disabilities; the general public is not yet ready to accept such children. Often healthy children accept disabled children into communication much easier than their adults. Seeing where the limit of a sick child's capabilities is, children play with him within these limits - they have corrected their behavior.

The rights of children with disabilities to receive maximum education are often not realized. The education of children with disabilities depends entirely on the ability of their parents to fight for the rights of their children. The conditions of treatment, rehabilitation, conditions of an inaccessible environment force the parents of disabled children to terminate their education early.

According to the Ministry of Health of Russia, there are more than 620 thousand disabled children under the age of 18 in the country. Most of them cannot get a decent education. According to statistics, in the 2014/2015 academic year, less than 150 thousand of them studied in general and secondary specialized educational institutions. The rest are educated in special educational institutions or do not attend school at all. That is, a child cannot receive further education, master a profession, which means that he will never be able to lead an independent life and provide for himself. The admission of disabled children to secondary vocational educational institutions in the 2014/2015 academic year is 34%. Every year the number of students enrolled decreases, for example, in the 2009/2010 academic year it was 38%, in the 2011-2012 academic year - 36%. The admission of disabled children to higher professional educational institutions in the 2014/2015 academic year is 30%. The enrollment percentage is increasing, but slowly, for example, in the 2008/2009 academic year it was 23%, in the 2011-2012 academic year - 27%, in the 2012/2013 academic year - 29% (Appendix No. 1).

The Law "On Social Protection of Disabled People in the Russian Federation" contains very important norms that enable children with disabilities to receive a full-fledged education. There are no restrictions in this law for the education of such children in regular schools, but in practice this can be very difficult to achieve. Isolation from society from childhood causes irreparable harm to the psychophysical well-being of the child.

For example, I am deeply convinced that the isolation of disabled people from society causes enormous harm not only to disabled people themselves, but to the entire society, raising children, morality and ethics. We do not live in the Middle Ages, when it was the norm that children laugh at a cripple and throw stones at him. But even today, children do not know how to behave with sick peers, despise and humiliate them, tk. before they had the opportunity to get to know such children better, to understand that they are internally no different from healthy children, that they can also communicate and be friends with them.

Children with disabilities face real discrimination when entering universities and secondary educational institutions. Despite the fact that the law provides them with a number of significant benefits, in educational institutions, for the most part, there is no special environment for disabled people.

I found out what benefits disabled children have on admission in accordance with the law on education in the Russian Federation: earlier, disabled children, disabled people of I and II groups, orphans had the right to be admitted to higher educational institutions out of competition, provided that they successfully passed the entrance tests (Clause 3 of Article 16 of the Law of the Russian Federation of 10.07.1992 No. 3266-I "On Education"), and in the new law, obtaining higher education (under bachelor's programs or specialty programs) is regulated by special rights for admission to training under these programs. Disabled children, invalids of groups I and II, invalids from childhood, invalids due to military injury or illness received during military service, who, according to the conclusion of the federal institution of medical and social expertise, are not contraindicated in training in the relevant educational organizations, have the right only to receive within the established quota, subject to successful completion of the entrance examinations and also the right to admission to the preparatory departments of federal state educational organizations of higher education - to study at the expense of budgetary allocations. Moreover, the admission quota for obtaining (free) higher education according to these programs (bachelor's and specialty) is established annually by the educational organization "in the amount of at least ten percent of the total volume of control figures for the admission of citizens studying at the expense of budgetary appropriations » all levels.

In recent years, positive changes have taken place in Russia in the field of vocational education for disabled people. We managed to achieve certain positive results. Conditions have been created for the “transition” of disabled people from the general education system (after graduation from school) to the vocational education system. The specifics of the entrance examinations for disabled people for admission to secondary specialized and higher educational institutions have been established. This provision of the law is fully implemented in the documents adopted by the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia regulating the procedure for admitting citizens to vocational education institutions. Disabled persons are given the right to choose the form of admission to a university or a special educational institution. They, on an equal footing with everyone, can enter according to the results of the exam. According to the Ministry of Social and Health Development, it is known that no more than 36% of disabled people receive vocational training and retraining. About 60% of disabled people who have acquired a profession find work.

At the Moscow State Technical University. Bauman students with hearing impairments have been studying since 1934. The Nizhny Novgorod Technical University, for example, provides retraining of young people with disabilities in the field of high technologies with subsequent employment. Many of them graduate from the magistracy, go to graduate school. The Nizhny Novgorod Pedagogical University successfully trains wheelchair users. All this suggests that physical disability should not hinder education. People with disabilities have a desire to learn, but so far they cannot fully realize this opportunity.

As a result of the analysis of the media, I identified the main reasons for the low coverage of vocational training for disabled people:

1. severe disabilities, usually affecting intelligence;

2. problems with obtaining secondary education;

3. lack of motivation to acquire a profession.

Then I tried to find out what can help a person with special needs get an after-school education? What benefits, rights and benefits make it easier to get a profession?

In fact, for people with disabilities, in particular for persons with significant problems of perception of information and movement, there are certain objective difficulties for training, especially in full-time form. From statistical materials, I learned that out of 12 million people with disabilities living in our country, only 13 thousand people study in universities. The rest cannot get higher education due to their physical characteristics and the lack of ramps for people in wheelchairs in the country's universities.

Although for students with health problems, a number of educational institutions offer training on an individual schedule on a full-time basis, as well as correspondence and distance learning and external studies. I learned from the media that there are specialized vocational schools for the disabled. For example, the Moscow Boarding Institute for Disabled Children with Musculoskeletal Disorders, the State Specialized Institute of Arts in Moscow, the Kursk Musical Boarding School for the Blind, there are also institutions of primary vocational education for disabled children with problems intellectual development... In addition, the rehabilitation centers offer various vocational courses for disabled people with the possibility of subsequent employment.

A person with disabilities studying full-time on a budgetary basis, upon receiving vocational education, is entitled to the following payments:

A student who has the status of a disabled child, or a disabled person of I or II groups, receives a basic scholarship;

A student who is a disabled person of I or II groups, in addition to the usual (basic) scholarship, is entitled to a state social scholarship. In universities in Moscow, such a scholarship is about 2,000 rubles and is paid separately from the basic one;

Once a calendar year, a student with a disability or a student registered with a dispensary for a chronic disease can receive a subsidy;

Once a semester, a student with a disability can receive financial assistance.

To receive financial assistance and subsidies, you must provide all the necessary documents to the trade union committee of the institution. The amount of these payments varies depending on the region and educational institution, and can range from 200 to 600 percent of the basic scholarship.

Analyzing the media materials, I came to the conclusion that our regional newspaper "Limanskiy Vestnik" raises mainly the issues of leisure activities for the disabled, the issues of vocational education are not covered, the newspapers of other regions raise this issue mainly where the problem is solved at a high level vocational training for children with disabilities (Appendix No. 2.

1.3. Forms of education for disabled children in Russia and foreign countries

Turning again to Russian legislation, I learned that training for disabled people is carried out in various forms provided for by the charter of educational institutions: full-time, part-time (evening), part-time or a combination these forms... The optimal form of education for some people with disabilities is part-time. Among these relatively common forms, the current legislation provides for others, less well-known, in particular, external studies and distance learning.

Education in the form of external studies is regulated by the "Regulations on obtaining education in the form of external studies" (approved by the Order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation No. 1884 of 23.06.2000); by order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation No. 2033 of 14.10.97 "On the approval of the Regulation on external studies in state, municipal higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation"; Methodical recommendations on the organization of obtaining higher education in the form of external studies in educational institutions of the Russian Federation (annex to the letter of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation No. 03-51-16 in / 13-03 of 23.01.02).

Distance learning, using the capabilities of the Internet, can be viewed as innovative and very promising. Legally, it is regulated by Order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation No. 4452 of December 18, 2002 "On Approval of the Methodology for the Application of Distance Education Technologies (Distance Education) in Educational Institutions of Higher, Secondary and Additional Professional Education in the Russian Federation".

I wondered what guarantees disabled people have for education in the neighboring republic of Kazakhstan. Having studied the Internet resources, I learned that disabled people in Kazakhstan have the full range of socio-economic and personal rights and freedoms enshrined in the Constitution and other legislative acts of the republic.

The procedure and conditions for providing disabled people with additional payments to the minimum social assistance at the expense of the republican, local budgets and other sources, taking into account the level of price indexation; the procedure for approval and financing of republican programs of social protection of disabled people; the main provisions for ensuring the upbringing, general education and vocational training of disabled people, their employment and labor protection.

The Republic of Kazakhstan guarantees disabled people the necessary conditions for education and vocational training in state educational institutions, and, if necessary, at home.

In order to create the most favorable opportunities for raising children with disabilities preschool age and providing them with the necessary rehabilitation assistance in preschool organizations general type conditions are created for the stay of disabled children. For disabled children, whose health condition excludes the possibility of their stay in preschool organizations of a general type, special preschool organizations are created. Secondary general and vocational education of disabled people is carried out in educational institutions of general or special type, and, if necessary, at home. For disabled children of the first and second groups, special classes are created at special educational organizations, rehabilitation centers, homes and centers for disabled people. Employment of disabled persons of the first and second groups who graduated from higher, secondary and primary professional educational organizations is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan at the place of residence in accordance with the specialty they acquired.

Professional training and advanced training of persons with disabilities are provided in state educational institutions, at enterprises and in specialized or general organizations, and, if necessary, in non-governmental organizations with the assistance of the authorized body for employment, together with educational and social protection bodies, in accordance with an individual rehabilitation program.

Then I tried to find out what is the situation with the education of disabled children in Azerbaijan. According to statistical materials, there are about 57961 children with disabilities in this country, among them only: 7750 children with limited health involved in education at home, 1105 children involved in special education, 2664 children are in special boarding schools, 217 children with disabilities are involved in inclusive education.

The state adopted the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan "On education (special education) of persons with disabilities". The "Development Program for the Organization of Education for Children with Disabilities in Need of Special Care" has been implemented. A publishing house for children with visual impairments was created at a special boarding school, which publishes textbooks and teaching aids using Braille. Boarding schools and special schools are equipped with computer equipment, technical teaching aids, visual aids and vehicles.

1.4 Inclusive education and attitudes towards it

Since now they are talking about the possibility of inclusive education, I decided to conduct a sociological survey among the Suvorovites and a survey of school teachers to study the characteristics of attitudes towards the practices of school unification of children with disabilities and ordinary children. 60 Suvorovites and 20 teachers took part in the sociological survey.

All the respondents believe that they could study together with disabled children. 10% of Suvorovites answered that disabled people are equal members of society, the rest believe that efforts must be made to make this possible. All the respondents have a humane attitude towards disabled children. The answers to question 4 “What, in your opinion, hinders the integration of children with disabilities into schools, secondary and higher educational institutions” were varied: 40% believe that fear of discrimination in society; 30% - physical limitations (difficulty of movement); 20% - intolerance and callousness of modern society towards those who are not like the rest (society destroys the inner world of a person); 2% - the difficulty of learning; 2% - the leadership of educational organizations is afraid to take responsibility for children with disabilities; 2% - lack of special conditions for their training; 2% - fear of being a victim of physical or mental violence; 2% - nothing prevents (appendix No. 3, No. 4).

When I conducted a sociological survey, I learned from one of my comrades that he studied at the gymnasium in Elista, where all conditions for disabled children are created. With the help of Internet resources, I found a number on the website of the Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution "Elista Multidisciplinary Gymnasium of Personally Oriented Education and Training" and conducted an interview with the school director by phone. Indeed, disabled children study in this gymnasium, an accessible environment has been created in the gymnasium: there are specially equipped places, a car that climbs the stairs in special wheelchairs, specially equipped toilets and there is a ramp at the entrance to the school. Children feel more confident and comfortable among their peers (Appendix No. 5).

The results of the questionnaire survey of teachers showed that 30% cannot determine their attitude to such teaching, which suggests that their opinion depends on external factors, first of all, awareness of the positive or negative experience of inclusive education; 40% believe that they would not mind if children with disabilities studied in their class; 30% pay attention that it depends on the type of disease. 60% of the respondents think that the presence of a child with certain deviations in the classroom will undoubtedly act for the teacher as a factor complicating the organization of the learning process; 10% - answered that depending on what deviations in the child's health; 10% of teachers think that difficulties in the learning process can arise with children who have mental disabilities; 10% - are inclined to answer that does not affect the effectiveness of the learning process; 10% - I find it difficult to answer. In the answers to the third question, the opinion of teachers was almost unanimous. 90% of the respondents believe that it is necessary to help disabled children study and work in normal conditions, and only 10% were unable to answer this question. The teachers' suggestions in the answer to the fourth question “What could you suggest to do in order for children with disabilities to study and work in normal conditions” were different: to increase the level of tolerance towards this category of citizens (20%); more often involve them to participate in conferences, competitions (20%); Mass media to intensify work towards closer communication (trust) between children with disabilities and the rest of society (20%); equip educational organizations for disabled children (20%; prepare a special program in accordance with the personal characteristics of the child (18%), but there were those who found it difficult to answer this question (2%) (Appendix No. 6, No. 7).

I also conducted a social survey among students and a survey among teachers of the MBOU "Limanskaya Secondary School No. 1", in which I studied. 50 schoolchildren and 15 teachers took part in the sociological survey.

The results showed: 32% of school students agree to study together with their peers with developmental disabilities. Among the teaching staff, the share of positive-minded people is small - only 20%. At the same time, 18% of teachers are not opposed to children with various disabilities in the classes where they work, and every third is not a supporter of this practice. More than half of teachers (51%) cannot determine their attitude to such teaching, which suggests that their opinion depends on external factors, primarily awareness of the positive or negative experience of inclusive education. The most capable of unification, according to the respondents, are children with musculoskeletal disorders. This is the opinion of 38% of teachers, almost half of the students. The most capable of unification, according to the respondents, are children with musculoskeletal disorders. This is the opinion of 38% of teachers, almost half of the students and 70% of parents (Appendix No. 8-11).

The presence of a child with certain deviations in the classroom will undoubtedly act as a factor for the teacher that complicates the organization of the learning process, but in principle does not affect its effectiveness. Moreover, if for training this child the necessary conditions will be created, individual special didactic equipment will be used (for example, special educational furniture).

According to the survey results, 68% of the teachers surveyed want to provide pedagogical support to a child with a disability. Every fourth teacher feels pity for such children. Almost 8% experience psychological discomfort at the sight of a disabled child. Only 4% answered that they have not met children with disabilities. 72% of teachers say that co-education of children with and without disabilities in the same class does not affect the overall performance of the class as a whole. At the same time, 20% of the respondents noted the opposite: 10% of them believe that joint learning disrupts the general attention of the class during lessons, 10% fear the appearance of conflicts in the class, 20% note the disproportionate distraction of the teacher to the child with disabilities.

I turned to the Letter of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated February 12, 2016 N VK-270/07 "On ensuring the conditions for accessibility of objects and services in the field of education for disabled people" and learned that for disabled people in educational organizations should be refurbished at school: glass door leaves; outdoor stairs and ramps; paths of movement inside the building, such as a corridor (lobby, waiting area, gallery, balcony), stairs (inside the building), ramp (inside the building), passenger elevator (or lift), door (doors - if there are several on the same path), escape routes (including security zones), navigation systems; also separate toilet rooms; showers / bathrooms, household rooms (dressing rooms); special jobs were created taking into account diseases, etc. (Appendix No. 12).

1.5. Opportunity to get education and employment for disabled children in Astrakhan

To study the question of the possibility of receiving post-secondary education for my peers with disabilities, I conducted research and got acquainted with some of the professional institutions of higher education available in Astrakhan. I turned to the management of the school with a request to send a request for information on students with disabilities to the Astrakhan State Technical University and found out that 5 disabled people were admitted to the programs of higher professional education in 2014, who entered preferential education, in total this academic year 16 disabled people from there are 9 disabled children; in 2015, 4 disabled people were admitted, in total 17 of them were trained this academic year - 6 children with disabilities; in 2016, 7 disabled children were admitted, in total 20 disabled children study this academic year. There were no persons with disabilities enrolled in secondary vocational education programs at the Astrakhan State Technical University in 2014 and 2015 academic years, in 2016 2 disabled children were enrolled. After analyzing the data obtained, we can say that the number of disabled children studying at this educational institution is growing every year, but in small numbers.

At Astrakhan State University, the situation is completely opposite: in 2014, 33 disabled people were enrolled, in this academic year, a total of 66 disabled people were enrolled; in 2015, 28 disabled people were enrolled, a total of 67 disabled people were trained at that time; in 2016, there is the smallest number, only 10 enrolled, this year 40 disabled people are being trained.

Then I found out what is the opportunity for disabled people who have received education to find a job and studied in detail the Interactive portal of the employment service of the population of the Astrakhan region and learned that in accordance with paragraph 1 of part two of Article 24 of the Federal Law of November 24, 1995 No. 181-ФЗ "On social protection of disabled people in Russian Federation"Employers are obliged to" create or allocate jobs for the employment of people with disabilities and adopt local regulations containing information about these jobs. "

The Law of the Astrakhan Region of December 27, 2004 No. 70/2004-OZ "On Establishing a Quota for Employers for Employing Persons with Disabilities" establishes for employers, the number of employees of which is at least 35 people, a quota for recruiting persons with disabilities in the amount of 2 percent of the average the number of employees.

The calculation of the quota is carried out in accordance with the second part of Article 21 of the Federal Law of November 24, 1995 No. 181-FZ "On social protection of disabled people in the Russian Federation": "When calculating the quota for hiring disabled people, the average number of employees does not include employees whose working conditions classified as harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions based on the results of workplace certification for working conditions or the results of a special assessment of working conditions. "

Article 25 of the Law of the Russian Federation of 19.04.91 No. 1032-1 "On employment in the Russian Federation" obliges employers to provide employment services with information on the availability of vacancies (positions), the fulfillment of the quota for hiring people with disabilities.

According to the order of the Government of the Astrakhan region of 06.11.2015 N 561-P "On special measures to improve the competitiveness of disabled people in the labor market", it is necessary to submit to the employment center at the location of the employer:

Information on job quotas and on the fulfillment of the quota for the employment of persons with disabilities in the prescribed form.

The employer, in accordance with the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, is responsible for:

Article 5.42. Violation of the rights of persons with disabilities in the field of employment and employment

The employer's failure to fulfill the obligation to create or allocate jobs for the employment of persons with disabilities in accordance with the established quota for the employment of persons with disabilities, as well as the employer's refusal to hire a person with disabilities within the established quota - entails the imposition of an administrative fine on officials in the amount of five thousand to ten thousand rubles.

As a result, I learned that employment of people with disabilities is being carried out, of course, the percentage of employment is not large, many of them fail to get a job in accordance with the profession they have received, but the state is trying to retrain them if necessary and employ them.

Conclusion

After getting acquainted with the legal possibilities and realities in obtaining vocational training for disabled children, I came to a conclusion. The state is taking certain steps to resolve this issue, but many unresolved problems remain. To overcome the problems, in my opinion, it is necessary first of all to develop universally inclusive education. This requires psychological readiness for teachers, school technicians, parents of disabled children. It is necessary to ensure the accessibility of the school building for teaching children with various forms of disabilities in it, despite the fact that the Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation was issued "On approval of the procedure for ensuring conditions for accessibility of facilities and services provided in the field of education for disabled people, as well as providing them with the necessary assistance. "Dated November 9, 2015 N 1309, according to which educational organizations are obliged to ensure the creation of conditions of accessibility for people with disabilities, the educational organizations themselves cannot do this, additional funding is needed. At this time, changes have already begun in the educational process, taking into account the special needs of children with disabilities, special training of teachers-specialists in inclusive education. In society, it is necessary to form a positive attitude towards people with disabilities in health. Such measures can help to increase the accessibility of education for children with disabilities.

Clause 7 of Article 5 of the Federal Law of November 24, 1995 N 181-FZ "On social protection of disabled people in the Russian Federation" refers to the promotion of employment of disabled people, including stimulating the creation of special jobs for their employment, as well as determining the procedure for conducting special events to provide people with disabilities with job security.

In addition, the state needs to establish benefits for the employment of disabled people, provide them with decent remuneration for work. Perhaps, on the part of the state, it is necessary to legislate the expansion of opportunities for individual labor activity, entrepreneurship, the development of cooperatives and the organization of their own business for people with disabilities.

List of used sources and literature

Documents

Constitution of the Russian Federation.

Convention on the Rights of the Child.

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.

RF Law "On Education".

Federal Law "On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education".

Federal Law "On social protection of disabled people in the Russian Federation".

Literature

G.V. Alferova New approaches to correctional and developmental work with children suffering from cerebral palsy // Defectology. 2009. No. 3.P. 10.

Gilevich I.M., Tigranova L.I. If a child with hearing impairment enters a mass school // Defectology. 2005. No. 3. P. 39.

Gromova O. Educational segregation // Russian journal 23.08.2008 // www.russ. ru / ist sovr / sumerki / 20010823 grom.html (08.09.2008).

Golubeva L.V. Inclusive education: ideas, prospects, experience. In 2011

Svodina V.N. Integrated education of preschoolers with hearing impairment // Defectology. 2008 No. 6. P. 38.

Shcherbakova A.M. Problems of labor education and vocational training of students of the auxiliary school // Defectology. 2006. No. 4. P. 24.

Yarskaya V.N. Strategies for the modernization of Russian education // Education and youth policy in modern Russia. Materials of the All-Russian conference. SPb. 2008.S. 155-159. 10. State and main trends in the development of the education system in 2010 / Analytical report. M., 2010.

Innovations in Russian education. Special (correctional) education. Analytical review. Collection. Moscow: Management of Special Education of the Ministry of General and Professional Education of the Russian Federation, 2009.

Appendix No. 1

INFORMATION ABOUT DISABLED STUDENTS OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

SECONDARY AND HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

(at the beginning school year, person)


Institutions of secondary vocational education
Students with disabilities accepted
Number of students
Graduation of specialists
Institutions of higher professional education
Students with disabilities accepted
Number of students
Graduation of specialists

____________________

1) Data are given only for state (municipal) educational institutions of secondary and higher vocational education.

2) According to the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia.

http://www.gks.ru/ Federal State Statistics Service

Appendix No. 2

Search for media materials on the issue under study

Analysis of the current legislation regulating the protection of the rights of children with disabilities to education

Appendix No. 3

1 question. Do you think you could study together with children with disabilities?

2 Question. Do you think there is a need to take action to ensure that people with disabilities become equal members of society?

Appendix No. 4

Sociological survey of Suvorovites

3 Question. What is your attitude towards children with disabilities?

4 Question. What, in your opinion, hinders the integration of children with disabilities into schools, secondary and higher educational institutions?

Appendix No. 5

Interview with the director

Municipal budget

educational institution

"Elista multidisciplinary

student-centered gymnasium

training and education "

Nasunov Klim Erdnievich

Hello, Klim Erdnievich! I am a Suvorov soldier Sharoshkin of the Astrakhan Suvorov Military School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, I am engaged in research on the topic: The right to education of disabled children. May I ask you a few questions?

Answer: Yes, of course

Question: Do children with disabilities study in your gymnasium?

Answer: Yes, 9 people are studying.

Question: What work is being done in the gymnasium to make the integration of disabled children possible?

Answer: Children with disabilities are ordinary students, they must socialize, be in a team. An accessible environment has been created in the gymnasium: there are specially equipped places for learning, a car that climbs the stairs in wheelchairs, specially equipped toilets and at the entrance to the gymnasium there is a pantus.

Two disabled children used to study remotely, now they have the opportunity to study at the gymnasium together with their peers, come to school in their own wheelchairs, change to ours, and the student learns at his workplace. The child feels good, confident, comfortable, is close to classmates.

Question: Have children with disabilities experienced any difficulties?

Answer: we did not have such cases in the gymnasium, on the contrary, everyone is trying to help, for example, we collected money for one student for an operation of 18,000 rubles, and held a fair "Do Good".

Basically, there are problems with those children who are homeschooled, there are exacerbations of diseases, feeling unwell, in this case, the lesson is postponed, all children are looking forward to their teachers, because they need communication. Every child who cannot attend gymnasium for health reasons and is homeschooled is assigned to a certain class and in the near future, we plan to organize a video conference with classmates during the lesson so that the child can see his class, his teacher and feel close to them.

Appendix No. 6

Teacher questioning

1 question. Would you mind if children with disabilities were taught in your class?

2 Question: Could the presence of a child with certain deviations in the classroom be a factor complicating the organization of the learning process for you?

Appendix No. 7

Teacher questioning

3 Question. In your opinion, should disabled children be helped to study and work in normal conditions?

4 Question. What could you suggest to do to make this possible?

Appendix No. 8

It was interviewed: 50 schoolchildren, 15 teachers.

1. Question: Do you consider it possible to teach children with disabilities together with ordinary students?

Children survey results

Teacher survey results

Appendix No. 9

Sociological survey in Limanskaya secondary school No. 1

2. Question: What hinders the integration of disabled children into the mainstream school? (in% of the number of respondents).

Teacher survey results

Children survey results

Appendix No. 10

Sociological survey in Limanskaya secondary school No. 1

3.Question: Which children are best suited to unification?

Children survey results

Teacher survey results

Appendix No. 11

Sociological survey in Limanskaya secondary school No. 1

1 question: Do you consider it possible to teach disabled children together with regular students?

2.Question: What prevents the integration of disabled children into mainstream schools?

3.Question: Which children are best suited to being united?

Appendix No. 12

Materials from the interactive portal of the employment service of the Astrakhan region

Knowledge of the medical aspects of the professional suitability of people with disabilities will help create special working conditions for them in accordance with the IPR.

When quoting jobs for the employment of people with disabilities, it is necessary to take into account professions recommended for them, taking into account the existing diseases *

Diseases
Diseases of cardio-vascular system	Laboratory assistant for chemical and bacteriological analysis, watchmaker, assembler of electronic equipment, turner on desktop machines, instrumentation locksmith (repair of cinematographic equipment), seamstress-minder, sewing machine of leather goods, doctor, order taker, book seller (with dystonia), secretary-typist (with hypertension ), medical assistant, pharmacist, accountant, economist, cutter, kiosk, packer, controller, tailor, secretary-typist, cashier, programmer, PC operator, locksmith, repairman, electrician, teacher
Deformity of the spine, lower leg, hip with shortening of the limb	Sausage shaper, radio technician for the repair of television and radio equipment, nurse, statistician, bookstore seller, accountant, economist, bookbinder, projectionist, teacher, tailor, order taker
Inactive respiratory tuberculosis	Florist-decorator, furniture weaver, projectionist, operator of machine tools with PU, milling machine, turner, fitter
Schizophrenia sluggish or paroxysmal	Fish farmer, maintenance mechanic, projectionist, turner, machine fitter, secretary - typist, booklet maker, embroiderer, hatter, tailor, photographer, printmaker, bookbinder
Persistent hearing loss in both ears	Confectioner, laboratory assistant, chemical and bacteriological analysis, carpenter, upholsterer, packing machine operator, paramedic, tailor, cutter, archive worker, document binder, photographer
Decreased visual acuity	Biologist, elevator operator, sewing machine repairman, molder, laboratory assistant for physical and mechanical tests, teacher, journalist, doctor, teacher, paramedic laboratory assistant, lawyer, sanitary paramedic, accountant, economist, pharmacist, cutter, packer, storekeeper, picker
Diabetes	Operator of poultry farms, shaper of sausages, knitter, projectionist, doctor, commodity (freight cashier), paramedic, laboratory assistant, proofreader, communications operator, cutter, telegraphist, draftsman, computer operator
Oncological diseases	Biologist, medical research laboratory assistant, florist decorator, knitter, elevator operator, electronic equipment assembler, sewing machine repairman, packer, equipment fitter, journalist, doctor, lawyer, paramedic laboratory assistant, manicurist, cashier-controller, librarian, accountant , journalist, economist, technician-planner, pharmacist, telegraph operator, cutter, inspector of parts and devices, storekeeper, packer, picker
Chronic kidney and urinary tract diseases	Master for the processing of fruits, berries, vegetables, laboratory assistant, fish farmer, butter maker, cheese maker, turner on table machines, seamstress-minder, bookbinder, toolmaker, projectionist, mechanic assembly work, operator of machines with PU, laboratory assistant for mechanical tests, machine operators, medical assistant, doctor, order taker, telephone operator, order taker, typist secretary, head of the communications department, draftsman, telecom operator, laboratory assistant, computer operator, proofreader, tailor, jeweler, hairdresser
Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract	Confectioner, culinary specialist, laboratory assistant of chemical and bacteriological analysis, gardener, florist, florist-decorator, auto electrician, projectionist, elevator operator, machinist, mechanic, assembler, boiler operator, locksmith, seamstress-minder, doctor, nurse, teacher, prosthetic technician, paramedic , barman, manicurist, masseur, order taker, secretary-typist, telephone operator, kindergarten teacher, economist, pharmacist, storekeeper, goods picker, communications operator, computer operator
Severe backwardness of physical and sexual development.	Livestock breeder, laboratory assistant, vegetable grower, fish breeder, gardener, decorator, radio and telephone installer, locksmiths, cabinetmaker, turner, milling machine operator, watchmaker, seamstress-minder, nurse, flight attendant, hairdresser on duty at the station, conductor, bookstore seller, cashier, telephone operator, telecom operator, computer operator, telegrapher, draftsman, tailor, woodcarver, photographer, seamstress, graphic designer

Minors are one of the most vulnerable categories of citizens. Every special child's day is dedicated to the fight against illness. The state pays special attention to persons whose health conditions do not allow them to lead a normal life. What are the rights of a disabled minor and how can they be protected?

Every minor disabled person is, first of all, a person and a citizen. Its hallmark is its state of health and a reduced ability to self-care. In this regard, each child with such a status is subject to general rights citizens (for example, in the name), legislation on children in general, as well as regulations governing the issues of obtaining the status of a disabled child, rehabilitation, habilitation, payments, benefits, protection of legitimate interests:

Human Rights Convention.
Constitution of the Russian Federation.
Civil Code.
Family code.
guardianship law.
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
the 1995 law on social protection of citizens with disabilities.
the 2014 law on amendments to the regulations on the social protection of persons with disabilities.

The last legal act is of particular importance for children with disabilities. In particular, he reinforces the concept of "habilitation". In contrast to the previously existing, only concept of "rehabilitation", the new term implies full training of the person in need of the social skills, knowledge and skills necessary for him. Whereas rehabilitation is the restoration of skills lost due to the disease.

80% of disabled minors need exactly habilitation.

Not all the rights of adult citizens with persistent health problems apply to children.

List of rights

A child with disabilities belongs to one of the most vulnerable categories of citizens, and therefore needs special protection from government agencies. For this, the legislator has provided for a number of rights and benefits specifically for them. The social rights of disabled children are provided for:

for education;
for education;
for treatment;
for material support;
for social services;
to participate in cultural events;
for labor activity;
for additional benefits.

The preferential list is prescribed by federal legislation, but most regions establish additional social support measures for children with disabilities. The multi-level structure is one of the causes of problems in the implementation of rights.

Education, upbringing and treatment of disabled children

The upbringing of disabled children can be carried out both in specialized organizations and at home. A child has the right to attend kindergarten if he has no medical contraindications. Specialized institutions have special groups for people with disabilities with the same diseases.

Currently, many kindergartens are of a combined type. Such organizations include both general education groups and for children with disabilities. Legal representatives of pupils of such groups are usually exempted from paying parental fees.

It is recommended to bring up disabled children at home if there are diseases that prevent them from visiting the group or at the request of the guardian. In some regions, support is provided to families implementing preschool education of children at home, but these benefits are not specifically related to children with disabilities.

Training

The educational system of the Russian Federation provides specialized programs for people with disabilities. The child can study both in general educational organizations and in specialized ones. There are several types of institutions for disabled people with the following persistent health disorders:

visually impaired;
blind;
hearing impaired;
deaf;
deaf and dumb;
impaired mental function;
mild mental retardation;
disorders of the musculoskeletal system (cerebral palsy).

Correctional educational organizations can be specialized for one type of disease (blind), combined by diagnoses (hearing impaired, deaf and deaf-dumb) and by a combination of disorders (diseases of the musculoskeletal system and mild mental retardation).

At the same time, the education of disabled people with preserved intelligence in general educational organizations is encouraged, if the state of the child's health allows it, for example, autism. It is believed that children with disabilities who receive education in general schools are better adapted in later life.

Documentary confirmation

One of the documents required to obtain a certificate of medical and social expertise (MSE) is the conclusion of the psychological, medical and psychological commission (PMPC). This paper contains information on the recommended educational route. For a disabled child, such a document is required. In accordance with it, the training program is determined. Registration in a specialized school is also possible only with an opinion.

The document is handed over to the legal representative after passing the commission. It contains recommendations for home correction of a child and in conditions educational organization... It is the responsibility of the parent or guardian to transfer the form to the school (lyceum, kindergarten).

Specialized schools

Unlike general education schools, in which recruitment is carried out on a territorial basis, the choice of a specialized institution is entrusted to legal representatives. A parent can apply to any correctional school, and if there are places in the desired class, the child will be enrolled in education.

There are significantly fewer correctional schools in the country than general education ones.
Since it is almost impossible to predict the presence of people with disabilities in need of certain training, often a suitable institution is geographically remote from the place of residence. Most of these schools are boarding schools.

A boarding school is an institution that implements not only special educational programs, but also educational ones. The legal representative can take the child home every day, on weekends, and with a large territorial remoteness of the place of residence - on vacation days. At the same time, the rights of parents or guardians are not terminated.

Home education

In accordance with the law on education, if there is a PMPK conclusion, parents can transfer their child to home education. This type of education involves a teacher visiting a disabled person at the place of residence. For example, 3 times a week for 3 lessons. The home lesson lasts 30 minutes.

To transfer to home education, PMPK specialists must establish that the child is unable to receive education in groups or specialized organizations. The main reasons for home transfer are the presence of a disease in which education in a special school is impossible, for example, schizophrenic disorders, or psychological difficulties in parting with parents, for example, if the school is geographically remote.

Separately, it is worth mentioning the option when a disabled person receives education remotely, with the availability of special equipment using the Internet system. A computer and other technical means for teaching are provided to the child free of charge. Lessons are taught by teachers in accordance with the schedule.

Training by a legal representative

The 2010 Education Act gave parents or guardians the opportunity to educate their children independently. The provision of knowledge is carried out in any form chosen by the legal representative. It does not matter whether the parent is working or not.

Children who receive education in this form are subject to an annual knowledge test. At the end of the training, they take the exams provided for their educational route. For example, for the final testing of children with mild mental retardation only technology is displayed.

Realization of the right of disabled children in the Russian Federation to home education is especially important for small settlements with only one school. As a rule, such institutions experience a shortage of teachers to provide education at home. Some regions provide material support to families providing education for disabled children on their own.

Health care

Every child with disabilities is entitled to free medical assistance in accordance with the law. Treatment of disabled children is carried out on the basis of an individual rehabilitation program.

Important! The bodies specified in the IPR do not know about the content of a specific program, therefore, the legal representative, after receiving the document, must independently contact each of the listed departments.

This is a document specifying the specialists that the child needs help. All services provided by the program, including medicines, must be provided free of charge.

Responsibility for the implementation of the document rests with the legal representative. If a person needs rehabilitation means (wheelchair), spa treatment or other services, an application must be made to the appropriate authority, for example to the social insurance fund.

Housing benefits

Families raising a disabled child have the right to improved housing conditions. To do this, legal representatives must prepare a package of documents and submit an application to local authorities. The form of assistance differs depending on the date of registration:

In the first case, the family has the right to receive a cash subsidy for the purchase of housing. The provision rates are determined by the legislation of the subjects. Funding for the program is planned when the regional budget is approved.

In the second situation, provision is made in accordance with the new housing legislation. The apartment is not provided as a property, but under a social contract. The norms are established by the subject of the Russian Federation.

Transport benefits

The law stipulates the obligation of the carrier to ensure the accessibility of railway, water, electric and urban transport facilities for disabled people. Additionally, the rights of disabled children and their parents to free travel on public transport are established. In addition, the possibility of a 50% discount on a long distance ticket in two directions for a child and an accompanying person is fixed.

In special cases, treatment is required in a hospital located in another city or region. In this case, the cost of the ticket is compensated in full or special documents for free travel are drawn up.

Cash payments

The financial support of children is entrusted to their parents. Legal representatives are obliged to provide them with everything necessary for a full life. Even in case of divorce, the parent with whom the child stays with can claim increased alimony (more than 25% of the payer's total income).

However, it is difficult for a family to meet all the needs of disabled people. In this regard, children with disabilities receive additional funding from the state. A number of payments are provided for all minors with the status of a disabled child. Among them:

pension;
monthly payment;
additional amount for the caregiver.

The pension is assigned from the date of disability determination. To do this, you must submit the relevant documents to the Pension Fund at the place of registration of the child. The funds are transferred to the account of the legal representative for further spending on the needs of the disabled person. The size of the pension is established by federal law and is subject to annual indexation.

A monthly payment is assigned to each disabled minor and transferred by the Pension Fund together with the pension. In addition, the child's legal representatives may refuse to receive a set of social services for their subsequent replacement with monetary compensation.

An additional amount for a legal representative caring for a disabled child is assigned at the request of this person. One of the conditions for the provision of payments is the absence of official employment for this citizen.

Early retirement of parents

One of the benefits is the right of parents of children with disabilities to early retirement. The period during which the mother is caring for a child with disabilities must be included in the insurance experience. At the same time, the term of leaving the law is not determined.

Early retirement for a mother is possible upon reaching the age of 50. However, for this it must work for at least 15 years.

A special condition is the obligation to bring up a disabled child up to 8 years of age. After that, the right to early retirement is retained even in the event of his death.

Protection of the rights of children with disabilities

Disabled minors cannot independently protect their legal interests. Therefore, the state provides for several levels. The protection of the rights of children with disabilities should be ensured by:

legal representatives;
district department of guardianship;
bodies of social protection of the population;
the prosecutor's office;

The responsibility to protect the rights of disabled minors lies with their parents / guardians. Close people should provide the child not only with the most necessary things (food, clothing, housing), but also with medicines and rehabilitation means. The execution of the IPR is also assigned to the legal representative.

If the parents / guardians do not fulfill their duties, the disabled minor is transferred to the care of the district guardianship department. Depending on the situation, experts prepare documents for the deprivation of the rights of mom and dad, remove the guardian or warn citizens about the possibility of such responsibility.

Social protection authorities should monitor the maintenance of a disabled child. They are entrusted with the right to visit families raising children with disabilities, to check living conditions. When detecting cases of abuse or non-fulfillment of duties by legal representatives, specialists must inform the department of guardianship.

The prosecutor's office exercises a supervisory function over the performance of their duties by specialists in guardianship and social protection. If a situation arises in which the rights of citizens caring for children with disabilities are violated, you can file a complaint with the district prosecutor.

The protection of the rights of minors with disabilities can be carried out in court. If the measures taken did not give the desired result, the parent or other person representing the interests of the child (guardian, specialists in guardianship, social protection, prosecutor) must file a claim.

Having considered what a disabled child is entitled to, it can be concluded that the legislator pays special attention to this category of citizens. However, the implementation of all these possibilities in practice is severely limited due to the large number of bureaucratic delays. To receive each specific type of assistance or benefits, it is necessary to collect a package of documents and submit it to a specific authority. In addition, these activities are often associated with queues, which creates additional difficulties. Thus, this area needs to be improved.

Updated 12.22.2016

A disabled child has the opportunity to go to school upon reaching a certain age. The school should not refuse to accept a child with disabilities, but at the same time, it should not create special conditions for him, that is, the child learns in the same way as all children.

At school, disabled children have some benefits, which is manifested more in material compensation and minimal physical activity. In terms of psychological assistance, the school should provide sessions with a psychologist who will help to adapt to the team and will talk with other children in the class.

It is worth noting that often children at school can have poor contact, due to the fact that a disabled child is not like everyone else. However, if the classroom atmosphere is good and the class teacher pays attention to the behavior of his students, the learning process can be quite effective.

A disabled child has the right to free meals at school, preferential conditions for passing exams, while the child himself chooses the format of this exam. And also a disabled child may not attend physical education lessons if there are restrictions on physical activity.

The right to choose exactly how their child will receive secondary education. If the child cannot attend school, the choice becomes between two options, homeschooling or in a special boarding school. When schooled at home, parents must either teach the child themselves or hire a teacher who can work with the child in special conditions.

When teaching a child at home, parents are entitled to compensation for the cost of teaching the child. Since, according to the law, every child is entitled to free secondary education, the state is obliged to compensate for all material expenditures on the child's education, even if it takes place at home.

The advantage of this type of education is the ability to protect the child from abusive children who can cause moral trauma to the child, and the opportunity to receive education under the supervision of parents.

Free admission to the School of Arts for Gifted Children

Since many who have disabilities are more likely to show their talents in artistic directions, the state gives them the opportunity to study at an art school for free.

Such training can take place both in a school at an educational institution, and in those schools that have the status of an independent art school. In order to cover all costs of the art school, parents simply need to provide a certificate of the child's health. But it should be noted that such schools do not create special conditions for disabled children.

Education takes place on the same terms with other children, both in terms of exactingness and in terms of all amenities.

School certification. What are the conditions for disabled children

School test papers conducted on a general basis, with disabilities writes it without any special conditions. If teaching is carried out at home, then the child must contact the teacher using a video call, and the teacher must see everything workplace student.

In this case, it is not allowed to write off and use additional materials. If the student completes the tasks slowly, then the control can be taken in several stages, while the teacher does not have the right to rush the child.

Upon admission to a university, he is given 90 minutes to prepare for the exam, the form of the exam cannot be different, oral or written.

And after the child is enrolled in training, the program is drawn up individually for each child with disabilities, which is coordinated with a psychologist and doctors.

How to enter a university. Does a disabled child have the right to preferential conditions

Children with disabilities have the right to be enrolled in a higher educational institution out of competition, that is, to the budget. At the same time, he also passes the exam, and if the number of points meets the minimum conditions, then the child successfully passes the certification. When passing the exam, a disabled child has one advantage over other children - 90 minutes to prepare.
Disabled children of groups 1 and 2 who have no contraindications to education have the right to attend universities. In some cases, a child has the right to be accompanied by his parents if independent movement is inconvenient.
In order to receive compensation for schooling a child at home, parents must apply to the social protection authorities with a special certificate stating that the child is undergoing a home education program. Parents can receive financial assistance after the child reaches the age of six and a half years, it is from this age that the child's education at school begins.

The most important thing for parents is to show that he, like all children, has the right to education and additional hobbies in art schools. And the state will contribute to the education and self-development of such a child in every sense.

About choosing a school for a disabled child in the video:

Write your question in the form below

Education, training, and treatment of disabled children

The rights of the disabled child at school and in the clinic must be fully ensured. Therefore, disabled children of preschool age:

1.All conditions of stay in preschool institutions of the standard type are created and the necessary rehabilitation measures are provided.

2. if the state of health does not allow the child to stay in a general institution, then they are sent to special preschool institutions.

What is the legal requirement for a disabled child? According to federal law, disabled children have certain advantages over their ordinary peers. The right of a disabled child to education implies:

1. primary device in preschool institutions;

2. exemption of their parents or guardians from paying for preschool education;

3. the possibility of education and upbringing of disabled children in non-state educational institutions and at home. In this case, parents are provided with compensation for the specified purposes;

4. for adolescents and children with developmental disabilities, special (correctional) classes or groups should be created, which should ensure their education and training, as well as treatment, social adaptation and integration into society. This should be done by education authorities.

Funding for these educational institutions is carried out at higher standards. The categories of pupils and students who are sent to these educational institutions, including those who are fully supported by the state, are determined by the Government of Russia.

In addition, children with needs can receive additional types of social assistance:

1. free meals at school;

2. priority admission to kindergartens, free admission;

3. assistance of social services in rehabilitation (psychological, social);

4. sparing mode of passing the exam.

Benefits and rights of families with disabled children

The federal law on children with disabilities in 2019 says that families with children with disabilities can receive free of charge:

1. medical supplies (special shoes, wheelchairs and so on);

2. medicines prescribed by law;

3. Once a year, sanitary and resort treatment, travel is paid both ways;

4. medical treatment;

5. special literature for children with certain vision problems.

In addition, other benefits are provided:

1. one of the working parents is given 4 additional days off per month;

3. the right to a shorter working week or a shorter working day if they have dependent children under the age of 16;

4. A ban on reducing wages or refusing to hire for reasons that are associated with the presence of a disabled child.

Transport benefits

1. The law provides for free travel for disabled children in public transport (except for taxi rides), as well as for their accompanying persons. This could be a parent, social worker, or guardian (ID required).

2. Payment for travel to the place of treatment of a disabled child is also free. A travel card for a disabled child can be issued, or monetary compensation for travel can be provided if the appropriate papers are issued;

3.Children with disabilities can also benefit from a 50% discount on intercity buses, airlines and trains from October to 15 May. At other times, the specified discount will be valid only once.

4. if there is a disabled child in the family from 5 years old who has dysfunctions of the musculoskeletal system, it can be used to transport the child. If a vehicle is not provided, then parents are provided with compensation for the use of specialized vehicles.

Cash payments

What is required for a disabled child from the state in 2019 in terms of cash payments?

1. Until April 2018, the amount is 11,903.51 rubles. From childhood, disabled people are paid the following amounts:

1) disabled persons of the III group - 4,215.90 rubles;

2) for group II - RUB 9,919.73;

3) for I group of disability - 11,903.51 rubles.

The size of pension payments is subject to indexation at least once a year.

In addition, a monthly cash payment is provided, as well as a set of social services for families with disabled children. The amount of the monthly income is determined by the desire of the family to partially or completely use social services in kind (in case of refusal, monetary compensation is issued).

A set of social services can be replaced with a cash equivalent. For 2019, a full package of social services is provided in the amount of 1,048.97 rubles per month:

1.807.94 rubles - collateral medical devices, prescription drugs, medicinal food;

2. 124.99 rubles - vouchers for sanatorium treatment;

3. 116.04 rubles - free travel by intercity transport or suburban railway transport to the place where the treatment is performed and home.

A non-working parent caring for a disabled person is provided with a special care allowance. For each disabled child or disabled since childhood of the first group, payment is expected in the amount of:

1. 5500 rubles when leaving by a guardian, adoptive parent or parent;

2. 1200 rubles when leaving by another person.

With 2 and 3 groups after 18 years, the allowance is not allowed. One of the parents of a disabled child can expect an early retirement pension.

20.03.2020

In accordance with the Federal Law of 24.11.1995 N 181-FZ "On social protection of disabled people in the Russian Federation", educational institutions, together with social welfare bodies and health authorities, provide preschool, out-of-school education and education for disabled children, receive secondary general education for disabled people. secondary vocational and higher vocational education in accordance with the individual rehabilitation program for a disabled person. On social protection of disabled people in the Russian Federation: Federal Law of November 24, 1995 N 181-FZ // Russian newspaper... - December 2, 1995 .-- No. 234.

Disabled children of preschool age are provided with the necessary rehabilitation measures and conditions are created for staying in preschool institutions of a general type. For children with disabilities, whose state of health excludes the possibility of their stay in preschool institutions of general type, special preschool institutions are created.

If it is impossible to educate and educate children with disabilities in general or special preschool and general education institutions, educational authorities and educational institutions shall provide, with the consent of the parents, the education of disabled children in full general education or individual program at home.

For disabled children who are unable to attend educational institutions for health reasons temporarily or permanently, distance learning can be organized, which will improve the system of social adaptation for children with disabilities and children who do not attend educational institutions for health reasons, and will provide children - the right and real opportunities for people with disabilities to participate in all types and forms of social life (including education), compensating for the limitations of their health.

The legal basis for the use of distance learning is contained in the current Federal Law of December 29, 2012 N 273-FZ "On Education in the Russian Federation" On education in the Russian Federation: Federal Law of December 29, 2012 N 273-FZ (as amended on December 31, 2014) / / Russian newspaper. - N 303. - 31.12.2012 ..

In accordance with the aforementioned Law, an educational institution is independent in using and improving the methods of the educational process and educational technologies, including distance education.

When using distance learning, an educational institution provides access for students, pedagogical workers and educational support personnel to the educational and methodological complex, including:

· Curriculum of an educational institution;

· Individual curriculum for each student;

· Curricula of academic subjects with an explanatory note on the specifics of training (disciplines, training courses);

· Teaching materials on the academic subject (discipline, course);

· Sets of electronic educational resources, distance courses.

For distance learning of disabled children who need homeschooling, in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, distance education centers for disabled children are being created, which have pedagogical workers and educational support personnel with an appropriate level of training and specially equipped premises with appropriate equipment, which allows the implementation of educational programs using distance learning technologies.

For the organization of distance learning, it is provided that the places of residence of children with disabilities and teachers' workplaces are connected to the Internet, as well as equipping them with sets of computer equipment, digital educational equipment, office equipment and softwareadapted to the specifics of developmental disorders of children with disabilities, with the provision of the necessary consumables.

Distance learning allows you to study at home, including children who need training according to the educational program of a special (correctional) educational institution for students, pupils with disabilities (deaf, hard of hearing, blind, visually impaired, with severe speech impairments, locomotor system, etc.). The distance learning system for children with disabilities being created in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation can also be used to organize home education for disabled children of preschool age, receive additional education for disabled children, and vocational education.

For distance learning for children with disabilities who need home education, participants in the educational process are provided with sets of equipment on a contractual basis for temporary free use for the period of study. Nikonov D.A. Social Security Law. Nikonov, A.V. Stremoukhov; ed. A.V. Stremoukhova. - M.: UNITI-DANA, 2014 .-- P. 156 ;.

The Rostov Region is one of the leaders among the subjects of the Federation in distance learning for disabled children. On the basis of the sanatorium boarding school No. 28 in Rostov-on-Don, a center for distance education for disabled children has been created, 3 of its branches have been opened (Volgodonsky, Zernogradsky and Novoshakhtinsky). Distance learning is used by 100% of children in this category who have no contraindications to this form of education Access mode: http://www.donland.ru/Default.aspx?pageid\u003d77201/. - Title from the screen ..

Among the first constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the region adopted a long-term target program "Accessible Environment for 2011-2014", which provides for measures aimed at improving the quality of comprehensive rehabilitation of children with disabilities, creating a universal barrier-free environment in educational institutions that provide joint education for children with disabilities and children without developmental disabilities. On the basis of a special (correctional) boarding school of the second type No. 48 in Rostov-on-Don, a Resource Center was created to support the inclusive education of children with disabilities.

In order to create conditions for the full integration of children with disabilities into the educational process and their successful socialization within the framework of the priority national project "Education" in 2009-2012 in the Rostov region, the event "Development of distance education for children with disabilities" was implemented.

As part of this event, on the basis of the sanatorium boarding school No. 28 in Rostov-on-Don, a Distance Learning Center for Disabled Children was created and equipped, in which, since April 1, 2010, the educational process is carried out with the help of modern technologies on-line via the Internet.

In order to increase the coverage of children with disabilities by distance learning, three branches in the cities of Volgodonsk, Novoshakhtinsk and Zernograd are additionally equipped with special equipment.

In total, the Ministry of Education of the Rostov Region and the Center have created 559 jobs for disabled children to receive general education using Internet technologies, 460 parents and 718 teachers have been trained.

The Distance Learning Center for Disabled Children has created a socially active community of disabled children and their parents throughout the Rostov Region.

In 2009-2012, 201.3 million rubles were financed from the federal budget and 240.4 million rubles from the regional budget for the implementation of the event. Access mode: http://www.donland.ru/Default.aspx?pageid\u003d77201/. - Title from the screen ..

The funds were used to equip the workplaces of children and teachers who carry out distance learning with computer, telecommunication and specialized equipment; purchasing software, connecting workplaces to the Internet; training of teachers and parents of the organization of distance education using organizational and methodological support; purchase of a vehicle for the transport of children with disabilities, interactive equipment, specialized furniture, teaching aids; payment wages center workers.

In 2010 -2012, 28 graduates of 11 grades graduated from the institution, of which: 24 successfully passed the USE, 4 - the final certification in the traditional form; 6 students entered institutions of secondary vocational education, and 18 - in universities of the country.

In order to ensure further professional education of children with disabilities, agreements on cooperation have been concluded with various educational institutions of the region: Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Southern Federal University", Russian State Economic University "RINH", GOU VPO "South-Russian state University economy and service ", etc.

In 2012, the event "Distance education for children with disabilities" within the framework of PNPE was completed. Since 2013, its implementation has been carried out within the framework of the Regional Long-term Target Program "Development of Education in the Rostov Region for 2010 - 2015".

Socialization and education of children with disabilities is one of the most important factors of state policy in the field of health care and education, national security of the country. At the same time, distance education of disabled children is one of the types of their rehabilitation, which allows integrating a disabled child into society Katkova L.V., Prikaznova L.S. Administrative and legal protection of social interests of the population in Russia // Administrative law and process. - 2010. - No. 6. - P.32 ..

Measures of legal training and education of disabled children. Legal issues of distance learning for children with disabilities

List of rights

Education, upbringing and treatment of disabled children

Training

Documentary confirmation

Specialized schools

Home education

Training by a legal representative

Health care

Housing benefits

Transport benefits

Cash payments

Early retirement of parents

Protection of the rights of children with disabilities

Free admission to the School of Arts for Gifted Children

School certification. What are the conditions for disabled children

How to enter a university. Does a disabled child have the right to preferential conditions

Education, training, and treatment of disabled children

Benefits and rights of families with disabled children

Transport benefits

Cash payments

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