Indications ulcerative and aphthous stomatitis. Aphthous ulcer: photo, causes, symptoms, treatment and prevention

Aphthous stomatitis - This is one of many types of stomatitis, which differs from others in its characteristic feature - the presence of very painful ulcerative defects on the mucous membrane.

This form is the most unpleasant type of stomatitis, and also gives a person a feeling of very strong discomfort.

What it is?

Aphthous stomatitis is inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa, in which erosions form on the mucous membrane - aphthae. Aphthae are painful, round or oval ulceration 3-5 mm in size. But sometimes there are also larger aphthae of irregular shape.

Usually, the sores are covered with a white-yellow bloom and are framed with a thin red border. They can occur singly in the oral cavity or appear in a fairly large number. Aphthae can be found in the palate, tongue, inner lips and cheeks. These ulcerations cause burning and pain, especially when eating.

Based on the nature of mucosal tissue lesions in medicine there are four subspecies of this disease:

• Necrotic aphtha is a collection of dead cells of the mucous membrane, which are covered with epithelium during the course of the disease. Most often, this subspecies of aphthous stomatitis is found in patients with blood pathology.
• Granular stomatitis is caused due to trauma to the mucous membrane, as a result of which bubbles appear first, then painful sores in their place.
• During cicatricial stomatitis aphthae are covered with connective tissue. With intensive treatment, the connection is broken - the tissue is absorbed.
• Deforming is the most severe form presented, since aphthae change the surface of the gums. After they heal, noticeable scars will remain.

It is relatively easy to diagnose aphthous stomatitis at the dentist's office. To clarify the diagnosis and clarify the causative agent of the infection, a smear can be taken from the aft for analysis.

The reasons

The reasons for the formation of aft in this disease have not been precisely established. Most often, experts point to a link between the development of aphthous stomatitis and the reaction immune system organism. At a certain point, the human immune system is unable to recognize the molecules of the substance that are present in saliva. As a result, lymphocytes are activated and aphthous ulcers are formed.

The causes of the primary onset of the disease foci of chronic infection can serve:

• diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gastrointestinal tract).

As etiological factors are, as well, adverse factors:

• frequent change of belts with different climates;
• professions that negatively affect the mental and physical health of a person;
• stressful situations that arise regularly.

You can make a long list of typical infectious foci and adverse situations, but the principle of the etiology of aphthous stomatitis remains the same - the inability of the body to resist infection due to exhaustion.

Aphthous stomatitis in children

This insidious disease is common in children. preschool age... In the first years of life, babies actively explore the environment, sucking not always clean and safe objects into their mouths. This causes the appearance of wounds and infection, leading to the appearance of aphthous stomatitis in children.

The first signs are similar to a common cold, but small red pimples appear in the mouth, which develop into pus-filled blisters. Around such a formation, you can see a red rim with the naked eye.

The danger of aphthous stomatitis in children lies not only in the likelihood of the disease becoming chronic, but also in the ingress of fungi and other infections into open wounds.

Symptoms

Symptoms of acute aphthous stomatitis in adults develop abruptly and unexpectedly. The patient has:

1. On the mucous membrane of the lips, cheeks, gums, small bubbles (vesicles) appear, which burst and form small erosions, aphthae, covered with a gray-white coating.
2. General malaise and fever up to 38-39 ° C;
3. Sore mouth when talking, eating.
4. As the size and number of aft increases, soreness arises when chewing food, the ability to consume solid food is minimized.
5. The entire mucous membrane becomes loose, edematous, inflamed (signs), a white coating appears on the tongue.

In case of aphthous stomatitis, it is advisable to consult a doctor who will prescribe the correct course of treatment for the patient. Effective therapy will avoid the transition of the disease into a chronic form.

Aphthous stomatitis: photo

What this ailment looks like in adults and children, we offer detailed photos for viewing.

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Disease stages

Aphthous inflammation oral cavity there are several stages:

1. IN initial stage such symptoms arise: fever, general malaise, decreased appetite;
2. The second stage - redness occurs, followed by the appearance of ulcerative defects in their place;
3. Single small ulcers up to 5 mm in diameter gray with a whitish or yellow coating are observed at 3 stages of the disease. Of the general symptoms, malaise and fever persist;
4. Final stage accompanied by a gradual disappearance of discomfort, burning and itching in the mouth.

Approximately 1.5-2.5 weeks pass from the moment of detection of the first aft to the moment of their complete healing. The state of the oral cavity returns to normal: usually after the ulcers there are no scars or any other marks.

But if a person suffered from a deforming form of aphthous stomatitis, then after healing soft tissue lips and palate will remain slightly restructured.

Chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis

This form is characterized by the periodic appearance of aphthous elements throughout years, with periods of remission and exacerbation.

The most likely causes of the development of the disease are: mechanical trauma to the mucous membrane, decreased immunological reactivity, chronic diseases. This type of stomatitis differs from acute stomatitis in the absence of an acute reaction of the body, the appearance of single aphthae and a recurrent course.

On examination of the oral cavity, aphthae can be found at various stages of development. The exacerbation lasts 7-10 days, after which remission occurs.

Treatment of aphthous stomatitis

In the case of aphthous stomatitis, treatment in adults aims at either the complete elimination of the symptoms of the disease, or its stable remission. Both are achieved with both general and local therapy, depending on the clinical situation.

First of all, it is required to ensure the disinfection of the oral cavity. Disinfectants are a number of antiseptic solutions that should be used to treat ulcerated surfaces. To do this, use solutions:

• hydrogen peroxide;

Also, the doctor may prescribe the following drugs:

1. "" (For antiseptic treatment of the oral cavity);
2. "" (Used at the initial stage of the disease);
3. Kamistad, Trasilol, Clobetasol (anti-inflammatory ointments with anesthetic);
4. "Benzocaine", "Xicaine" (anti-inflammatory ointment with anesthetic);
5. "Orasept", "", "" (antibacterial agents recommended for secondary infection);
6. "" (Anesthetic balm to combat aphthiasis);
7. "" (Epithelizing agent, used after the disappearance of ulcers).

Along the way, the patient can take, if necessary, other drugs (containing novocaine, lidocaine, heparin, hydrocortisone, etc.) that can improve the general condition of the patient. The use of solutions of citral, vitamin C and P, preparations containing propolis, etc. help to speed up the healing process of aft.

If it is determined that the cause of aphthous stomatitis is a viral infection, then the doctor may prescribe.

Folk remedies

Traditional methods the fight against aphthous stomatitis is used as an adjunct to the main treatment regimen. Certain natural ingredients have anti-inflammatory properties to speed up the healing process.

• Chamomile tincture. Quickly helps in the treatment of any inflammatory processes in the oral cavity, including chronic stomatitis. Decoction recipe: 1 tsp. 200 ml of boiling water is poured over a dry plant and kept until it cools. Filter the liquid from the cake, add 2 tsp to it. honey and drink 30 minutes after eating.
• Raw potatoes. The vegetable is peeled, chopped on a fine grater and put in cheesecloth. The resulting gruel is applied to erosion 3 times a day for 15-20 minutes. A new mixture is used for each procedure.
• Garlic. Several plant cloves are squeezed out through a press and mixed with 2 tbsp. l. curdled milk. The resulting mixture is kept in the mouth for 2-3 minutes, and then spit out. The procedure can provoke a burning sensation in the wounds, but this is not a reason to stop the procedure. The oral cavity is processed 3 times a day after meals.
  

Treatment of aphthous stomatitis at home should be carried out only under the supervision of a specialist, strictly observing all his prescriptions. Taking potent medications without prescription, a person must be aware that such frivolous behavior can lead not only to a severe form of recurrent chronic aphthous stomatitis, but also to even more dangerous complications.

Nutrition

To prevent aphthous stomatitis, it is necessary to limit the use of foods that irritate the mucous membrane. These include:

• milk,
• coffee,
• tomatoes,
• sour fruits,
• chocolate.

Exclude salty and spicy foods from the daily menu. They have a detrimental effect on the soft tissues in the mouth. In order not to injure the mucous membrane, you need to carefully eat hard cookies, chips, crackers and other solid food.

Prevention

The main measure for the prevention of acute aphthous stomatitis is full, regular oral hygiene. In the morning and in the evening, you need to brush your teeth and tongue, go to the dentist every six months to remove tartar, prevent dental and gum disease. An equally important role is played by the condition of the gastrointestinal tract and a healthy lifestyle.

To avoid the development of the disease in children, you need to carefully monitor the child's diet - nutrition should be complete and balanced. If the baby is prone to allergies, citrus fruits and chocolate should be excluded from his menu, since these products most often cause stomatitis of allergic origin. Parents should keep their personal belongings clean, wash their hands at all times, and make sure that children do not bite their nails, suck their fingers, or put foreign objects in their mouths.

Aphthous stomatitis is an unpleasant disease that is very painful. It often makes eating difficult due to ulceration.

It is dangerous and unreasonable to treat this problem with folk methods, since stomatitis can become chronic.

There are many types of this disease, so a visit to the doctor cannot be avoided.

What you need to know about the disease

The name of the disease comes from the word "aft", which means "ulcer". This type of stomatitis is manifested by damage to the oral mucosa with the formation of ulcers. They can appear in isolation or be localized in a group, affecting a large area of \u200b\u200btissue.

The most common localization of aft is the anterior part of the oral cavity, on the inside of the lips and cheeks. This is due to the fact that the specified area is much more likely than others to be damaged, for example, accidental bites or scratches from food.

Less commonly, aphthous stomatitis appears on the tongue. Sometimes the disease is accompanied by weakness and a slight increase in temperature.

The average duration of the disease is 8-10 days.

Aphthae are round or oval eroded areas of the skin, covered with a white or gray coating and surrounded by an inflamed, bright red halo. The size of the aphthae does not exceed a centimeter in diameter.

In the normal course of the disease, one ulcer appears, in rare cases the number reaches three. When touched, the aphthae cause severe pain, so eating is often difficult.

Causes and provoking factors

Experts in the field of the study of aphthous stomatitis still cannot come to a consensus about what exactly this form of the disease is provoked. Various reagents have been identified that are equally capable of causing other forms of stomatitis.

Often, the disease occurs due to the appearance of an infection in the human body or is a residual phenomenon of a viral disease due to a weakened immune system. Among the popular infections are:

In addition, pathology is often a consequence of allergic reaction on food, drugs or germs that have entered the body. Chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract also contribute to the occurrence of aft.

In addition to the main catalysts of the disease, the body should form ideal conditions for the development of stomatitis. These include:

At least one of the factors described can push the reagents to active actions, which will cause the first symptoms of aphthous stomatitis to appear, requiring treatment at the initial stage.

Classification of the disease

In medicine, there is a division of aphthous stomatitis into two types: acute and chronic:

There is a classification of the disease depending on the nature of the lesion of the oral mucosa.

Aphthous stomatitis can be:

In the photo is necrotic aphtha

1. Necrotic aphtha is a collection of dead cells of the mucous membrane, which are covered with epithelium during the course of the disease. Most often, this subspecies of aphthous stomatitis is found in patients with blood pathology.
2. Granularstomatitis is caused due to trauma to the mucous membrane, as a result of which bubbles appear first, then painful sores in their place.
3. During scarring stomatitis of the aphthae are covered with connective tissue. With intensive treatment, the connection is broken - the tissue is absorbed.
4. Deforming is the most severe form presented, as aphthae change the surface of the gums. After they heal, noticeable scars will remain.

The degree of damage to the mucous membrane and the type of disease can only be determined by a doctor after an analysis. Only on the basis of these data can a full-fledged treatment be prescribed that will effectively cope with the disease.

The main symptoms and duration of the course

The symptomatology of the disease directly depends on the form of its course.

The acute form of the disease - everything is unexpected and abrupt

Acute aphthous stomatitis appears unexpectedly. The patient begins to complain of malaise, sometimes a slight increase in temperature is noticeable.

Already at the initial stage, pain in the mouth is felt, which is aggravated by eating or talking. On the mucous membrane, vesicles are formed, which quickly develop into erosion, covered with a gray-white bloom.

Around the aft, the mucous membrane becomes inflamed and becomes loose. A white coating can be seen on the tongue.

With the increase in the number of ulcers, it becomes difficult to eat solid food, you have to switch to mashed potatoes and pates.

The duration of this type of disease usually does not exceed two weeks, at the end of which the mucous membrane is restored to its previous state. Very rarely, in the case of a complicated form, minor scars remain.

Chronic form

In chronic aphthous stomatitis, as in the photo on the right, the mucous membrane swells, acquires a pale shade.

The sores are located on the inside of the lips, cheeks, and under the tongue. Less often, aphthae are localized in the palate and gums.

The size of the lesion reaches a centimeter, the halo swells, becomes red, a dirty gray plaque appears. In the case of extensive necrosis, the ulcers become more inflamed and protrude above the surface.

Chronic aphthous stomatitis usually lasts 12-15 days. If treatment is not started in a timely manner, aphthae will begin to grow deeper, affecting the mucous membrane.

At this stage, the sores will begin to bleed, causing more pain. In addition, this condition is dangerous for infection. Deep aphthae can leave scars after healing.

What you need to know about disease therapy

Treatment of aphthous stomatitis should be comprehensive and under the supervision of a doctor. Even after the disappearance of visible signs, you can not stop taking the prescribed drugs. This is due to the fact that the disease can return and subsequently develop into a chronic one.

Local processing of aft

For local treatment in adults, antiseptic rinses and anti-inflammatory gels are prescribed. Drugs can vary depending on the type and duration of the disease, an otolaryngologist or dentist will be able to give recommendations on the choice of drugs:

Antiallergic drugs

Treatment of allergic stomatitis, accompanied by the use of antihistamines. These include Diazolin, Claritin, Suprastin, Tavegil.

Other medications can be used to relieve allergy symptoms. Usually, the course of treatment with desensitizing drugs lasts 10-12 days.

Oral cavity sanitation

Aphthous stomatitis develops against the background of gum and dental diseases, for this reason, during the treatment of ulcers, it is necessary to carry out a complete sanitation of the oral cavity.

Elimination of foci of possible erosion on the mucous membrane will reduce the duration of stomatitis, and also reduce the likelihood of its secondary appearance.

It is especially important to reorganize the oral cavity, if it has not been done earlier, in the chronic form of stomatitis. The presence of tartar, caries, pulpitis has a beneficial effect on the formation and development of aft.

Increasing local immunity

Fermented toothpastes are prescribed as local immunostimulating drugs. They should include the following substances: lactoperoxidase, lactoferrin, lysozyme or glucose oxidase. These enzymes help to increase the resistance of the mucous membrane and destroy bacteria and viruses.

Imudon lozenges are available. They are used six times a day, adhering to a course of 10 days.

Good immunomodulators are: ginseng, echinacea, propolis, thymogen, immunofan. Don't forget about vitamins.

The violation is manifested by strong painful sensations when touching the ulcers. For this reason, preference should be given to liquid and mushy foods.

Pates, soups, mashed potatoes, cereals - these are dishes with which you can create a completely balanced diet. You need to eat right, saturating the body with proteins, fats and carbohydrates so that the immune system can provide full resistance to the disease.

Cabbage, carrots, potatoes, peaches, parsley, olives, sea buckthorn juice - all these are desirable foods that enhance immunity, restore healthy microflora and have an antibacterial effect.

Home treatment

When the first signs of stomatitis appear, it is urgent to take action using the means that are in every home. Until a diagnosis is made, it is necessary to monitor hygiene and often rinse the mouth. A solution prepared on the basis of salt or soda has an antibacterial effect.

It is also good to use a low concentration hydrogen peroxide solution for irrigation. You can dilute a tablespoon in a glass of water and rinse your mouth after each meal.

Often, with the disease, solutions of furacilin or chlorhexidine are used.

Honey water effectively helps with disease. By adding a tablespoon of honey to a glass of water, you can get an antiseptic and antiviral agent that will stop the development of the disease until a course of treatment is prescribed.

Preventive actions

For prevention purposes, dentists recommend following the principles of a healthy lifestyle in everything. Excessive use Spicy, sweet, sour, and salty foods are detrimental to oral health. Diseases that change the environment in the oral cavity may develop.

If you still cannot change your eating habits, you should not forget about the rules of personal hygiene. Clean hands and oral care are important ingredients in maintaining good health.

What to say about bad habits? It's no secret that they have a detrimental effect on the entire body, starting their negative impact from the oral cavity.

The use of multivitamins, especially during hypovitaminosis, will help increase the body's resistance. Hardening and physical exercises contribute to overall health.

The main rule in order to avoid aphthous stomatitis is the timely treatment of infectious diseases, which, in an incomplete state, cause the appearance of aphthae in the oral cavity.

The severity of the disease is beyond doubt, therefore, its treatment must be approached comprehensively, based on the recommendations of specialists. Observing preventive measures, you can protect yourself from unwanted diseases for a long time.

Aphthous stomatitis is a disease accompanied by a bright clinical picture... Pathology makes it difficult to eat and affects the quality of human life. Lack of treatment leads to the transition of the disease into a chronic, intractable form. There are many types of the disease, each of which requires a different approach to treatment. For this reason, it is necessary to fight with aphthous stomatitis under the supervision of a doctor.

What is aphthous stomatitis

The name of the disease comes from the word "aft", or ulcer. A characteristic symptom of the problem is damage to the mucous membranes of the mouth with the formation of ulcers of various shapes and sizes. Formations arise in the mouth separately or in groups with damage to large areas of mucous structures.

Aphthae are more often localized in the front of the mouth, on the inside of the lips and cheeks. These areas are more prone to damage, friction and accidental bites. Less often, stomatitis is noted on the tongue. The disease may be accompanied by a slight increase in temperature and general weakness... Aphthous stomatitis lasts an average of 8-12 days.

Aphthae in the mouth are round and resemble erosions with a white or gray coating, surrounded by a bright red shell. The size of the wounds does not exceed 1 cm in diameter. With a mild course of the disease, 1 ulcer appears in the mouth, with a severe one - from 3. Touching the affected areas gives a person acute pain and discomfort, therefore, eating with a problem is very difficult.

Development mechanism

Medicine has not established the exact mechanism for the development of stomatitis of the considered type. Revealed 2 factors contributing to the development of the disease: autoimmune disorders in the body and the influence of pathogenic microflora.

In its development, aphthous stomatitis goes through several stages. Pathogenic flora, getting into the oral cavity, provokes a change in the composition of saliva. The condition is not accompanied by characteristic symptoms due to the fact that immune cells do not recognize the pathogen. At the next stage, the body begins to produce lysocytes, which attack the foreign substance. As a result, erosion appears on the mucous membranes of the mouth.

The following factors are of great importance in the mechanism of development of stomatitis:

• improper nutrition;
• use of oral hygiene products with aggressive chemical composition;
• non-observance of the work and rest regime;
• bad habits - smoking, biting the inner surface of the cheeks;
• lack of vitamin D in the body;
• disturbances in the work of the digestive tract;
• uncontrolled intake of antibiotics and non-steroids.

The advanced form of aphthous stomatitis caused by carious damage to the teeth

Kinds

In addition to the chronic course of the disease, there are several more types of aphthous stomatitis:

1. Fibrinous. Ulcers on the mucous membranes have a grayish tint and disappear on their own after 1-2 weeks. In the chronic form of the course, the pathology recurs 3-4 times a year.
2. Necrotic. It develops due to infectious and viral pathogens. With the disease, mucosal cells die off. In a recurrent form, the size of the aft increases with each new exacerbation, making it difficult to eat and speak. The healing process of large wounds lasts up to 1 month.
3. Grandular. Leaks with defeat salivary glands... The neoplasms are large and reappear after healing.
4. Scarring. Aphthae reach 1 cm in diameter, and after healing, they leave noticeable scars on the surface of the mucous membranes. Erosions heal long time - from 3 months.
5. Deformable... It is considered one of the most severe types of pathology. Ulcers deeply affect the mucous membranes, which causes scarring and changes in the structure of the oral cavity. Recovery takes a long time - from 2 months.
6. Herpetic. It is more often diagnosed in children who contract the virus from the mother in utero or during childbirth. Aphthae are small bubbles and appear in the plural (up to 30 at a time). The mucous membranes of the child's mouth become inflamed and acquire bright red shades.
7. Recurrent. Commonly diagnosed aphthous stomatitis in adults. In children given view pathology practically does not occur. The wounds merge with each other, forming large lesions. The ulcers are covered with a white coating and are accompanied by pain and burning.
8. Sharp. It is more often observed in children under 3 years of age and proceeds against the background of infectious diseases - whooping cough, diphtheria or measles. Acute aphthous stomatitis is accompanied by increased salivation and unpleasant odor from mouth.
9. Mixed. Distributed among children from 4 years old. Erosion during the disease causes a burning sensation and pain. With each relapse, the disease manifests itself brighter.

The photo shows changes in the structure of mucous membranes resulting from the deforming form of stomatitis

The danger of the problem and how it spreads

Is the disease contagious? The answer to this question depends on the cause of the aphthous stomatitis. The disease of viral, infectious and fungal etiology is easily transmitted from one person to another through objects common use: dishes, toys, etc. The viral type of the disease can be contracted by airborne droplets: when talking, while sneezing.

Infectious aphthous stomatitis is dangerous for children, since the local immunity of their mucous membranes is insufficiently formed. The infection is transmitted in the same way as the virus: by contact and airborne droplets. Adults become infected with pathology if they have abrasions and microdamages in the oral cavity.

Fungal stomatitis is not transmitted by airborne droplets. This type of disease develops when shared dishes, water and food are used with the patient. People with weakened immunity and diabetes mellitus are especially vulnerable to the fungal pathogen.

Fungal stomatitis is characterized by extensive areas of damage and the formation of white plaque on the tongue

Aphthous stomatitis provoked by vitamin deficiency, mechanical damage and stress is not contagious. Forms of the disease that are passed from one person to another are especially dangerous for infants. Their immunity cannot fully cope with the introduction of a foreign agent. Which leads to severe forms of the disease with damage to internal organs.

Symptoms

The symptoms of aphthous stomatitis vary depending on the stage of its development. Initially, the condition is accompanied by inflammation. lymph nodes, malaise, rise in temperature and deterioration in temperature. Then, there is redness of the oral mucosa and the appearance of ulcerative rashes on them up to 5 mm in diameter. As the pathology progresses, erosion becomes covered with a yellowish or gray coating. Common symptoms diseases, hyperthermia and malaise persist.

The initial stages of the disease are characterized by severe inflammation and redness of the mucous membranes.

Symptoms of the problem disappear in the final stage of stomatitis: the patient stops feeling burning and itching in the mouth. Usually, after the acute stage, the person's condition is normalized, and after wounds there are no scars (with the exception of the deforming form of the disease).

Aphthous stomatitis in adults begins abruptly. The disease is accompanied by:

• the formation of small bursting bubbles, which leave behind aphthae;
• sore mouth when eating foods with a pronounced taste;
• general weakness and a rise in temperature up to 39 degrees;
• inflammation of the membranes of the mucous membrane and the looseness of its structure;
• the appearance of a white coating on the tongue.

The problem under consideration is recommended to be treated under the supervision of a dentist, since there is a possibility of the problem turning into a chronic (recurrent) form. In this case, the mucous membranes swell and become pale. Ulcers affect the inner side of the cheeks, the area under the tongue and lips, less often the palate and tongue. Lesions of damage can reach 1 cm in diameter and acquire redness. With extensive lesions, the aphthae protrude above the surface.

Extensive lesions with the fusion of several aftas into one

Aggravation in the chronic form of the problem is observed for 12-15 days. Without proper treatment, erosion with each relapse affects the deeper layers of the oral cavity. In this case, the wounds may bleed, causing the person even more discomfort. The condition is dangerous with the possibility of infection. In addition, deep erosions leave behind non-healing scars.

Diagnostics

An experienced doctor will be able to make the correct diagnosis after a visual examination of the oral cavity. To confirm the assumptions, the dentist collects detailed information about the disease: the time of onset of the first symptoms, the intensity of the symptoms, the presence of mechanical and thermal injuries to the oral cavity, allergies to food and drugs, the presence of similar problems in the closest relatives.

To identify the causative agent of aphthous stomatitis, resort to laboratory methods diagnostics - smear on flora. It is important to diagnose stomatitis with herpes lesions, since these diseases have a similar clinical picture.

Treatment methods

It is necessary to treat aphthous stomatitis in adults comprehensively and under the supervision of a specialist. The therapy is not stopped even after the visible signs of the problem disappear. This can provoke a repeated exacerbation of the disease and its transition to a chronic form.

Drug treatment

For local treatment of oral mucosa, patients are prescribed antimicrobial sprays and gels with anti-inflammatory action. Medication is prescribed depending on the type of aphthous stomatitis and its severity. For irrigation of aft, dentists prescribe Miramistin spray. It suppresses the reproduction of viral and infectious pathogens and normalizes the microflora of the oral cavity.

The choice of antiseptics for the problem depends on the age of the patient and his sensitivity to the components of the drugs

To lubricate wounds at the initial stage, Cholisal gel is recommended. The drug is used after antiseptic treatment with aft sprays or solutions. The procedure is performed 3-4 times a day. In addition to Cholisal, other ointments with anesthetic and anti-inflammatory effect can be prescribed: Kamistad, Kalgel, Trasilol, Clobetasol, Benzocaine. Treatment with ointments should not last more than 7-10 days, as these drugs have side effects.

With the secondary manifestation of signs of aphthous stomatitis, mucous membranes are treated with antibacterial sprays: Tantum Verde, Orasept, Geksoral. For fast and effective treatment aphthous stomatitis use Stomatofit-A gel. It contains medicinal herbs and an anesthetic. The gel is applied to the lesions with a cotton swab.

After the disappearance of the wounds, agents with a regenerating effect are used, for example, Solcoseryl. The drug prevents the occurrence of scars after pathology. Stomatitis therapy is complemented by the intake of antihistamines - Diazolin, Claritin, Tavegil. The course of taking drugs for allergies is 10-14 days.

Oral cavity sanitation

A common cause of aphthous stomatitis is dental diseases of the oral cavity: gingivitis, periodontal disease, advanced caries. For this reason, treatment of the problem should begin with the sanitation of infectious foci in the mouth. Their elimination will reduce the duration of stomatitis and prevent its recurrence.

Mouth sanitation is especially important in cases of a chronic form of the problem. Dental deposits, caries - favorable conditions for the reproduction of pathogenic flora.

Oral sanitation is an important aspect in the treatment of aphthous stomatitis

Strengthening local immunity

Fermented pastes are prescribed for patients as immunomodulatory agents. The composition of hygiene products includes lysocin, lactoferrin or lactoperoxidases. The substances help to strengthen the defenses of the mucous membranes and accelerate the death of the pathogenic flora.

For the same purpose, lollipops are purchased, for example, Imudon. The drug is absorbed up to 6 times a day, for 10 days. Drug treatment can be carried out using natural herbal ingredients: ginseng, echinacea and propolis, or preparations containing these plants (Immunal).

Diet

Due to the fact that the sores are accompanied by pain, preference is given to warm and liquid food. With aphthous stomatitis, you can eat: soups, liquid cereals, pate, vegetable purees. The diet is saturated with proteins and carbohydrates so that the body can fully fight the pathogen of the pathology.

During therapy, the intake of foods with a pronounced taste is excluded: sour, sweet, bitter. A prerequisite for treatment is a complete cessation of smoking and alcoholic beverages.

The following types of products restore the microflora of the mouth:

• olive oil;
• sea \u200b\u200bbuckthorn oil;
• carrot;
• greenery;
• potatoes;
• oatmeal;

Treatment of aphthous stomatitis in adults is similar to the treatment of pathology in children. You can learn more about the treatment of the problem in young patients.

Honey accelerates the regeneration of wounds in stomatitis and contributes to the death of pathogenic flora in the mouth

Home control methods

How to treat aphthous stomatitis at home? Traditional methods of dealing with aphthous stomatitis are used as an addition to the main therapy regimen. Certain natural ingredients have anti-inflammatory properties to speed up the healing process.

• Chamomile tincture. Quickly helps in the treatment of any inflammatory processes in the oral cavity, including chronic stomatitis. Decoction recipe: 1 tsp. 200 ml of boiling water is poured over a dry plant and kept until it cools. The liquid is filtered from the cake, add 2 tsp to it. honey and drink 30 minutes after eating.
• Raw potatoes. The vegetable is peeled, chopped on a fine grater and put in cheesecloth. The resulting gruel is applied to erosion 3 times a day for 15-20 minutes. A new mixture is used for each procedure.
• Garlic. Several plant cloves are squeezed out through a press and mixed with 2 tbsp. l. curdled milk. The resulting mixture is kept in the mouth for 2-3 minutes, and then spit out. The procedure can provoke a burning sensation in the wounds, but this is not a reason to stop the procedure. The oral cavity is processed 3 times a day after meals.

Preventive actions

Prevention of aphthous stomatitis consists in careful oral care. Also should be avoided mechanical damage mucous membranes.

Identification of the cause of the disease is of great importance in the prevention of pathology. Chronic stomatitis cannot be cured without eliminating provoking factors, for example, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, vitamin deficiency.

With the frequent appearance of aft, you should visit specialists of several profiles - a psychologist, a gastroenterologist, a dentist. For the prevention of chronic stomatitis, it is important to follow a diet and exclude too solid foods from the diet.

Stomatitis is a common condition. Both adults and children are ill with it. The mechanisms of the onset of the disease are not fully understood. It is assumed that the cause of the disease can be:

• low immune status;
• gastrointestinal diseases;
• the presence of helminthic invasions;
• complications of viral diseases;
• oral cavity injuries and burns;
• the body's response to medication;
• unbalanced diet;
• heredity;
• insufficient or excessive oral hygiene;
• many other factors.

Stomatitis is a lesion of the oral mucosa. The name of the disease comes from the ancient Greek word "στόμα" - "mouth". It is conditionally divided into several varieties:

• allergic / contact;
• aphthous / ulcerative;
• vesicular / rhabdoviral;
• herpetic / viral;
• candidal / fungal;
• catarrhal;
• traumatic.

Each type of stomatitis is treated with appropriate medications.

Aphthous stomatitis: causes, signs, symptoms

The name aphthous stomatitis comes from the ancient Greek word "ἄφθη" - an ulcer. Ulcerative / aphthous stomatitis is characterized by the appearance of erosive lesions on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity. The inside of the cheeks, lips, gums, tongue, and even the throat are covered with painful sores that cause significant discomfort.

The surface of erosion is covered with a fibrous coating of yellowish or grayish color, framed by a red border.

Aphthous stomatitis. Causes of occurrence

• Immune system malfunction

The mechanism of the formation of aphthous ulcers is not fully understood. However, there is a stable relationship between the development of colds and infectious diseases with the reaction of the body's protective functions. The immune system is unable to recognize certain components of saliva. Lymphocytes are activated and the defense system attacks the chemical as foreign.

• Hygiene costs

Everyone knows that you need to brush your teeth twice a day using toothpastes. The foamy substance with a pleasant aroma contains sodium lauryl sulfate (NaC12H25SO4) or A-surfactant - a surfactant. This ingredient creates a light foam and at the same time dries up the mucous membrane, making it more sensitive. The substance is poorly rinsed out, absorbed into tissues and enters the bloodstream, contributing to the onset and development of stomatitis.

• Mechanical damage

Accidental biting of the tongue or the inner surface of the cheek, trauma to the palate with solid food, burns of the oral mucosa with hot drinks, very acidic or bitter foods, in 40% of cases is the root cause of the disease.

• Stress

High neuropsychic stress contributes to the appearance of stomatitis.

• Avitaminosis

Lack of vitamins and minerals in the body affects health. The development of stomatitis is facilitated by a deficiency of vitamins of group B and C, as well as a lack of folic acid, selenium, iron and zinc.

• Hormonal background

The activation and remission of aphthous stomatitis can be affected by pregnancy and the menstrual cycle.

• Heredity

In some cases, the patient has a congenital genetic predisposition to the chronic form of aphthous stomatitis.

• Chronic systemic diseases

Diseases of the blood and gastrointestinal problems affect the appearance of aphthae. After successful treatment the main disease, aphthous stomatitis goes into a stage of stable remission.

• Bacterial infections

Aphthous stomatitis can be side effect diseases such as meningitis, pneumonia, kidney or bladder inflammation.

• Dental diseases

The cause of ulcers can be: caries, pulpitis, gum disease.

A doctor should be involved in the treatment of stomatitis. Self-medication is dangerous and can lead to the transition of the disease into a chronic stage. Only a qualified specialist can make an accurate diagnosis and choose a competent therapeutic strategy.

Ulcerative stomatitis manifests itself in acute form (as a consequence of other bacterial diseases) and chronic (recurrent, recurring over and over again).

Chronic aphthous stomatitis is realized in two subspecies:

• scarring;
• deforming.

The picture of the disease, the first symptoms, development, consequences

The clinical picture of the onset and development of aphthous stomatitis is divided into 3 stages. The disease can begin like a common cold. Primary symptoms are accompanied by general weakness, decreased appetite, and fever. Inflammation of the cervical and occipital lymph nodes is possible.

Then the mucous membranes of the mouth become reddish.

At the last stage of the development of the disease, aphthae are formed.

In the absence of appropriate therapy, the number and size of ulcers increases. Sometimes they reach 5 mm in diameter, merge with each other, cover the palate, gums and tongue. Pain is felt when eating, talking and even at rest.

Refusal of timely treatment or poor performance of therapeutic procedures provoke relapses. The disease becomes chronic.

If mouth ulcers do not heal within two months, cicatricial stomatitis is diagnosed.

Symptoms:

• non-healing ulcers on the side of the tongue, inside of the lips and cheeks, on the palate and in the throat;
• "Creeping" ulcers, when the affected area is displaced, leaving scars (a scar remains at the site of a healed ulcer, and a new aft appears nearby);
• general weakness;
• putrid odor from the mouth;
• temperature.

Deforming aphthous stomatitis in terms of symptomatology largely coincides with the scarring subspecies. After healing, scars remain and deformation of the soft palate and lips occurs, possibly narrowing of the mouth gap.

Only sexually mature patients suffer from cicatrizing and deforming types of stomatitis. The disease is called Setton's aphthous disease. Often occurs against the background of leukemia.

Stomatitis therapy

How is aphthous stomatitis treated? In each case, the decision is made by the doctor. But there is a general treatment regimen that includes several stages:

• anesthesia;
• antiseptic treatment of ulcers;
• drug treatment;
• diet;
• support of the immune status;
• hygiene.

Anesthesia

Aphthous stomatitis is accompanied by painful symptoms. Ulcers penetrate the entire thickness of the mucous membrane, making it difficult for the patient to eat and drink. In severe cases, pain bothers the patient even at rest.

Local use of anesthetics is essential. Drugs that temporarily relieve pain include lozenges such as Hexoral Tabs, Anestezin, or Stopangin 2A. The pharmacological market offers complex medicinal preparationscontaining pain relievers in combination with remedy: Lidochlor, Kamistad, Lidocaine Asept, Instillagel, etc.

For convenience, aerosol nebulizers such as Lidocaine Asept are often used.

To relieve pain in the oral cavity, any remedies containing lidocaine, novocaine, analgin, etc. are suitable.

Withdrawal pain allows the patient to relieve his condition at least for a while and eat well.

Antiseptic treatment

After eating, it is necessary to clean and disinfect the oral cavity from food debris and the vital activity of pathogens. One of better ways is rinsing the mouth with herbal infusions:

• chamomile;
• sage;
• calendula.

These and other herbs, as well as herbal preparations, such as Ingafitol or Evkarom, wash out food debris and dead tissue from the wounds and nooks of the mouth. They relieve inflammation, soothe mucous membranes, relieve pain to a small extent.

Excellent antiseptics include:

• chlorhexidine;
• hydrogen peroxide;
• potassium permanganate;
• furacilin.

Aqueous solutions perfectly clean and disinfect the oral cavity, have a beneficial effect on the mucous membrane. In simple cases, antiseptic treatment of the oral cavity can completely cure aphthous stomatitis.

When treating aphthous stomatitis in children, rinsing is not easy. Rotokan will come to the aid of the parents. The complex product has a pleasant taste and aroma, does not require brewing - it is prepared according to the “just add water” principle. The concentrate is a mix of herbal extracts, which includes chamomile, mint, calendula, etc. A small amount of solution vegetable origin dissolved in warm water and given to children to rinse.

Babies and toddlers cannot rinse their mouths. I treat the oral cavity with it using a cotton or gauze swab, abundantly soaked in a disinfectant solution.

Medical treatment is carried out with gels, balms and pastes. Viscous gel structure for maximum grip drug with slippery mucous tissues. Firmly adhering to the ulcers, the gels remain on damaged surfaces, destroying pathogenic bacteria at the cellular level, preventing saliva from entering the affected area for 4-6 hours. Effectively treat stomatitis in the tongue.

• Solcoseryl;
• Metrogyl Denta;
• Instillagel;
• Kamistad and others.

How and how to treat children?

So that the therapeutic procedures do not cause negativity and rejection in the baby, the medicines should be of a neutral or pleasant taste. Such drugs as: Cholisal, Actovegin or Shostakovsky's balm are accepted favorably by kids.

Aphthous stomatitis involves complex treatment... 2 days after the start of the therapeutic course, the ulcers are in the healing stage. And the period of tissue restoration begins.

The regeneration of the mucous membranes occurs spontaneously as the patient recovers. But it is appropriate to provide effective assistance to the body. Streptocid and Sea buckthorn oil heals well tissues. But the champion in the recovery of mucous membranes is Rosehip oil.

You can put oil-soaked swabs in your mouth, or treat each wound separately with a cotton swab.

If aphthous stomatitis - by-effect any other disease (inflammation of the lungs or kidneys, problems with GI, etc.), it is necessary to correct the underlying disease.

In cases where the problems of the oral mucosa are the use of low-quality toothpaste, it is enough to choose another hygiene products and the sores will go away by themselves.

The diet helps to improve the effectiveness of treatment. For the duration of the illness, a number of products that irritate the mucous membranes should be excluded from the diet: spicy, bitter, spicy, sweet, hot.

The immune status weakens during the period of illness. The vitamin and mineral complex will help improve the patient's health.

During the treatment of aphthous stomatitis, it is important to comply with hygiene requirements:

• teeth cleaning;
• rinsing the mouth;
• using a personal set of dishes;
• hand washing, etc.

All this contributes to the rapid overcoming of the disease, reduces the risk of relapse and the transition of aphthous stomatitis into a chronic form.

How to cure aphthous stomatitis with folk remedies?

Homemade recipes can be effective in treating stomatitis. But before using them, you must consult your doctor. A qualified technician will give recommendations for use folk recipes combined with the achievements of modern pharmacology.

Aphthous stomatitis is a serious illness and a careless attitude to the problem can lead to serious consequences.

Aloe is often used to treat inflammation of the mouth. The healing plant has long been prescribed on the windowsills in many homes. Aloe juice can be diluted with water and used as a gargle. Aloe leaves are chewed or smeared with the pulp of a wound in the mouth. It should be borne in mind that healing power “Home doctor” is recruiting after 3 years. Young plants are useless for therapy.

"Zelenka" disinfects and dries wounds well. But for the treatment of the oral cavity, children are not suitable because of the painfulness of the procedure.

The antiseptic properties of honey have been known since ancient times. If you mix honey with "brilliant green" - 1: 1, you can lubricate the child's mouth ulcers.

To rinse the mouth, I use cabbage or carrot juice diluted with water.

Particular care should be taken when treating children with folk remedies.

After examining the child, the pediatrician makes a decision about who will guide the patient: a dentist, otolaryngologist or dermatologist. The attending physician prescribes treatment, consults and gives recommendations.

Prevention

Every doctor will say that it is easier to prevent any disease than to cure. Aphthous stomatitis is a serious medical condition. Compliance with simple rules of prevention will help reduce the risk of ulcerative stomatitis or ease the course of the disease. Rinsing your mouth with clean water after every meal will significantly reduce your risk of getting sick. For brushing your teeth (2 times a day), it is advisable to choose high-quality toothpastes without sodium lauryl sulfate in the composition.

Children - special attention. It is necessary to teach kids to wash their hands with soap and water before eating, to wash fruits and vegetables before eating. For babies - sterilize bottles, nipples, pacifiers, wash toys with disinfectant solutions.

These simple hygiene rules will help prevent or ease the course of the disease.

Aphthous stomatitis is a type of common stomatitis, characterized by damage to the oral mucosa. However, with aphthous stomatitis, white islets-ulcers appear in the mouth, with which the gums, palate, and inner surface of the cheeks are dotted. In some cases, the infection in adults also spreads to the tonsils, the surface of the uvula.

This ailment is the most severe form of the disease, because in addition to the classic signs of stomatitis, patients suffer severe pain in the area of \u200b\u200boccurrence of aphtha - they feel pain when swallowing, touching aphtha with their tongue, while chewing food. Despite the fact that aphthous stomatitis mainly affects children, this disease also affects the oral cavity in adults.

What it is?

Aphthous stomatitis is a type of inflammation of the oral mucosa. The disease got its name because of the symptoms in the form of ulcers (aft) in the mouth. These manifestations are very painful, they can occur both individually and in large quantities.

Outwardly, the aphthae are oval, often round, with clear pink or red borders. Such wounds can appear on the inside of the lips, tongue, palate, cheeks. The wounds vary in size from 3.5 mm and larger.

The causes of the disease

Among the large number of reasons that can cause the appearance and development of aphthous stomatitis, there are various infectious diseases, for example, herpes virus, some forms of staphylococci, measles, diphtheria, adenovirus, influenza, etc.

The peculiar catalysts and attendant factors of this state are:

• tendency to allergic reactions;
• disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract;
• burns of the oral mucosa;
• mechanical damage, for example, from a sharp edge of a tooth, rough food, or biting a cheek;
• weakened immune forces of the body;
• lack of vitamins, namely B and C, as well as trace elements (zinc, selenium, iron, etc.);
• dysfunctional heredity;
• pathology of the oral cavity (pulpitis, dental deposits, caries, etc.).

Very often children suffer from it, and chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis occurs in adults. In most cases, these are people between the ages of 20 and 40.

Symptoms

At different stages of development, the symptoms of aphthous stomatitis are not the same (see photo). In the initial period, the disease is manifested by signs of ARVI:

1. Weakness and malaise occur.
2. Decreases appetite.
3. The temperature rises to 38 ° C.
4. The cervical and occipital lymph nodes are enlarged.
5. Herpes localization points in the mouth become red and swollen.

As the pathology develops in the oral cavity, aphthae are formed - small, separately located or grouped ulcers with a diameter of up to 5 mm. The edges of the ulcers stand out with a reddish tint with a gray tinge. The external signs of aphthous stomatitis are shown in the photo below.

The presence of defects in the mouth creates discomfort during conversation, eating, any movement of the tongue. The patient complains of increased salivation and the inability to fully perceive the taste of food.

See photos

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Subtypes of the disease

Based on the nature of the lesions of the mucous tissue in medicine, four subspecies of aphthous stomatitis are distinguished:

Glandular	The disease is painful. Lasts at least two weeks. Most often occurs after trauma to the mucous membrane in the mouth or salivary glands. An infectious disease can provoke a relapse.
Necrotic	It is mainly diagnosed in people with blood disorders. The course of the disease is painless. As a result of necrotic changes, the epithelium is destroyed. The duration of the disease is 2-5 weeks.
Deforming	This is the most severe form of aphthous stomatitis. The disease can affect connective tissue so deep that it deforms the sky. This is due to the formation of large, deep scars in the mouth. The healing of ulcers in this form of the disease requires a very long treatment.
Scarring	Differs in deep and extensive tissue damage in the mouth. Forms large erosion, the size of which can reach one and a half centimeters. Treatment is long-term, at least two months. Scars remain at the site of the healed ulcers.

What subspecies of stomatitis develops in a patient can only be determined by a dentist. Sometimes for this purpose it is required to take a smear for analysis in order to determine the causative agent of the infection.

Aphthous stomatitis in children is often confused with the herpes virus. In contrast, aphthous ulcers at their initial stage look like a small red dot, in the place of which a bubble with a grayish-white head and a red rim first forms. When it breaks out, a sore forms. Ulcers can be a source of secondary bacterial or fungal infections. As part of general therapy, close attention should be paid to nutrition, excluding acidic foods such as citrus fruits, tomatoes, apples from the diet.

Treatment of aphthous stomatitis in children and adults consists in a complex of measures, including local effects and general therapy, and the choice of certain drugs depends on the severity of the disease.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis is carried out at the dentist's appointment. A visual examination determines: the stage of stomatitis, lesions of the mucous membrane, the method of treatment. The patient is asked a number of questions - how long has the inflammation started, is there an increase in temperature, etc.

During the examination, the doctor looks at the structure of the aft, which are in the acute phase and do not heal for 12-15 days. This could be a sign of cancer. For the accuracy of the diagnosis, tests are prescribed - blood, biopsy, bacterial culture. After receiving the results, treatment is prescribed.

See photos

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How to treat aphthous stomatitis?

For local treatment at home, antiseptic rinses and anti-inflammatory gels are prescribed. In adults, drugs can vary depending on the type and duration of aphthous stomatitis, an otolaryngologist or dentist will be able to give recommendations on the choice of drugs:

• Most often, Miramistin is prescribed in the form of a solution or spray that is used to irrigate the oral cavity. It has antiseptic properties, fights mainly against the herpes virus, but nevertheless is suitable for the normalization of healthy microflora of the oral cavity.
• Anti-inflammatory ointments with anesthetic effect are often prescribed, due to the pain inherent in aphthous stomatitis. Among the popular drugs are Kamistad, Clobetasol, Trasilol.
• Also at the initial stage, Cholisal-gel is used. It is applied to dried affected areas after rinsing. The procedures must be carried out at least four times a day.
• For rinsing in case of a predisposition to allergies, use a suspension of Diphenhydramine.
• Also popular anti-inflammatory and pain relieving ointments are Xicaine and Benzocaine. Treatment with such ointments should not be long-term, since there is a pronounced side effect. When using them, you must strictly adhere to the course.
• An effective remedy for the fight against aphthiasis is the Stomatofit-A balm, which consists of medicinal plants and an anesthetic. It is applied with a cotton swab directly to the sores. The drug works to reduce pain and inflammation.
• When signs of secondary infection appear, the use of antibacterial agents is recommended: Hexoral, Tantum Verde, Orasept.
• As soon as the ulcers resolve, it is worth continuing treatment with epithelizing agents that will restore the mucous membrane. Solcoseryl-gel is prescribed as such a drug.

How else can you help? With aphthous stomatitis, it is necessary to adhere to a special diet, the main purpose of which is to reduce irritation of the oral mucosa and feed the body with a complex of vitamins and nutrients... At the same time, doctors recommend adhering to certain rules:

• eat puree, boiled or stewed food;
• exclude smoked, spicy, salty, sour and fried foods from the diet;
• refuse semi-finished products, fast food and carbonated drinks;
• regularly monitor oral hygiene, regardless of the state of development of the disease, while toothbrush should only be new and with soft bristles.

Also, the causative agent of aphthous stomatitis can be toothpaste, which includes sodium lauryl sulfate, accompanying the development of the disease. Therefore, when purchasing hygiene products for the oral cavity, it is necessary to pay attention to this first.

Chronic recurrent aphthous stomatology

This form of the disease is observed in one way or another in every fifth inhabitant of the planet. For recurrent aphthous stomatitis, ulcers appear on the oral mucosa after a fairly long period of time. So, for example, with seeming well-being, aphthae appears after several months, and sometimes even after several years.

Statistics show that women are more prone to aphthous stomatitis than men. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis does not occur on its own - it is preceded by risk factors - trauma to the oral mucosa, allergies to certain foods, poor-quality water, sweet, sour, spicy foods.

Doctors are rather wary of recurrent aphthous stomatitis, since the disease can be a sign of more serious disorders in the body - Crohn's disease, anemia, celiac disease, human immunodeficiency virus, malabsorption syndrome, ulcerative colitis and others.

Treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis should solve three problems for the patient:

• elimination of discomfort and pain;
• accelerated healing of aft;
• prevention of relapses of disease.

Local treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis begins with pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs. To relieve painful sensations, applications with anesthetics are used - a solution of lidocaine, benzydamine hydrochloride, benzocaine. Good effect renders diclofenac solution, amlexonox, tetracycline solution. To suppress the action of inflammatory mediators, triamcinolone acetonide, flucinodide, clobetasol propionate are prescribed. Preparations with these active ingredients are applied to ulcers several times a day after meals. With large aphthae, cauterization with silver nitrate is possible. At the time of the healing of aft, vinylin, caratolin, sea buckthorn oil, rosehip oil, actovegin gel, solcoseryl are used.

With a protracted course of the disease, when some aphthae have not yet had time to drag on, and new ones have already appeared, a course of corticosteroids is prescribed - prednisolone and betamethasone in the dosage indicated by the doctor. Delargin is used for epithelialization of heavy aft ( intramuscular injection). It is also useful to include immunomodulators in therapy (levamisole, kemantan, and others).

See photos

Chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis

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Prevention

Simple measures to prevent the disease:

• regular sanitation of the oral cavity;
• compliance with the rules of oral hygiene;
• balanced diet;
• minimum consumption of food that can cause mechanical or chemical damage to the mucous membrane;
• isolation of the patient from healthy peopleif the stomatitis is contagious;
• avoidance of trauma to the oral mucosa;
• exclusion of substances that can cause allergies;
• support of the immune system of an adult body with the help of multivitamin complexes.