After cataract surgery. Glare at night after multifocal IOL insertion After cataract surgery glare in the eye

24.07.2020

Modern surgical treatment is low-traumatic, due to which the postoperative period after it is almost painless and does not last long. As a rule, vision is restored almost immediately. However, for a certain time after the person must follow the regimen and carefully follow the doctor's recommendations.

Many people underestimate the importance of the rehabilitation period, which leads to undesirable consequences. As a result, these patients develop complications that could have been avoided. In order not to damage the cornea, dislodge the implanted lens, or infect the eye, you need to know how to behave after cataract surgery.

In the postoperative period, people have to deal with such problems.:

Eye hurts after cataract surgery. Pain is caused by tissue damage and is completely normal occurrence... Drops prescribed by a doctor will help to remove discomfort.
Profuse lacrimation and itching appeared in the operated eye. This symptom occurs due to eye irritation during surgical intervention... This often happens during cataract surgery; special eye drops also help to correct the situation. As a rule, doctors prescribe Indocollir, Naklof or Medrolgin - drugs that have analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.
Red eye after cataract surgery. Hyperemia of the eye occurs due to the expansion of the conjunctival vessels. The phenomenon is harmless and does not pose a serious threat to eyesight. However, if there is extensive subconjunctival hemorrhage, it is best to see a doctor immediately.
After cataract surgery, the eyes do not see or they see very badly. This happens if a person has diseases of the retina, optic nerve or other structures of the eye. This is not the fault of the doctors. Slight blurred vision can occur in the early postoperative period due to edema of the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eye after cataract surgery. As a rule, soon it completely disappears, and the person begins to see much better.

The unpleasant sensations can persist for several days. After that, the eye calms down, the redness disappears, and the vision improves significantly. It takes several more weeks for the tissues to heal. Special eye care after cataract surgery helps speed up the process of vision recovery.

How to choose the right glasses

After removing the lens, a special intraocular lens is placed in the eye. It is designed in such a way that a person can see well into the distance, but he has difficulty reading newspapers and working at a computer. This is due to the fact that the implanted lens cannot accommodate, that is, focus the gaze at different distances. This is why many people require reading glasses after cataract surgery. They should be picked up 2-3 months after surgical treatment.

Nowadays, there are multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) on the market that provide good visual acuity at different distances. Unfortunately, they are expensive and many people cannot afford them.

Sunglasses are used to protect the eyes from ultraviolet radiation after cataract surgery. They prevent harmful rays from reaching the retina and protect the visual organ from the harmful effects of the sun. It is better to give preference to glass glasses from trusted companies.

Rules for using drops

Patients who have undergone surgery are wondering which eye drops are best to use after cataract surgery. However, all necessary medications are selected by the attending physician. All a person needs is to follow the recommendations specified in the statement.

After cataract surgery, the following drops are prescribed:

anti-inflammatory drugs - Indocollir, Naklof;
antibiotics - Tobrex, Floxal, Tsiprolet;
combined preparations containing antibiotics and corticosteroids - Maxitrol, Tobradex.

Medicines need to be instilled regularly throughout the period recommended by the doctor. In no case should you pause or stop the treatment spontaneously. In the postoperative period after cataract removal, it is very important to observe the regimen and all the prescribed restrictions.

What is strictly prohibited after surgery

Human behavior in the postoperative period has great importance to restore visual functions after cataract surgery. Heavy physical activity, prolonged tilted position and heavy lifting can lead to serious consequences, up to displacement of the IOL or curvature of the cornea.

refusal to play sports and work in an inclined position;
restriction of working at the computer and watching television;
complete refusal to lift weights weighing 3 kg.

It is recommended to adhere to these restrictions for a month or more. During this time, the person should sleep on their back or side, opposite the operated eye. A clean eye patch should be put on for at least a week before going outside to prevent infection.

Many people are wondering if it's okay to watch TV and ride a bike after cataract surgery. Working at a computer and watching television in moderation is allowed for a person a few days after being discharged from the hospital. But not cycling, horseback riding, lifting weights over 5 kg for the operated person is prohibited until the end of his life.

Why is it so important to follow the regime

It is not enough just to know which jobs are prohibited after eye cataract surgery. All restrictions must be strictly observed, since a lot depends on this. If the patient does not follow the recommendations, the lens may shift or the cornea may become deformed. Naturally, this will lead to a deterioration in vision, due to which the results of the operation will not be satisfactory.

Modern medical technology assumes the safe replacement of the lens in the eye. But sometimes, in 2% of cases, complications develop after cataract surgery.

Complications after surgery to replace the lens of the eye with cataracts appear due to many factors. If vision has not been restored or other adverse consequences have developed after the operation, the person makes an appointment with an ophthalmologist.

Cataract is distinguished as primary and. The second form appears after the first and has characteristic mechanisms of occurrence. The reasons for the development of such a complication after phacoemulsification of cataract include:

disruption of the endocrine system;
an extraordinary reaction of cells, for people with systemic diseases;
the formation of a dense film behind the lens capsule.

Secondary cataract is detected only when examining the structure of the optic organ using special equipment.

Intraocular pressure

The increased index of intraocular pressure in the early postoperative period after phacoemulsification is explained by:

disrupted work of the natural outflow of aqueous humor from rear camera eye sockets;
the accumulation in the drainage system of viscoelastics, viscous in the composition of drugs, which are used during phacoemulsification to protect the structural surface of the optic organ;
the development of an inflammatory process or sedimentation of particles of the removed lens.

In the presence of such a complication, eye drops are prescribed after cataract removal. In special cases, another surgical procedure is performed - puncture of the anterior part of the chamber and cleansing.

Why are eyes watery and sore?

If the eye itches and watery after surgery, this indicates the development of an inflammatory process after cataract removal. The appearance of symptoms is explained by the penetration of infection into the cells during the operation.

Additional symptoms include:

strong pain;
profuse lacrimation;
the occurrence of swelling and swelling of the eyes;
purulent discharge;
the eye does not see partially or at all.

To diagnose, if the eye hurts and festers after cataract surgery, use the analysis of tear fluid, particles vitreous... Further, therapeutic therapy is prescribed. In severe cases, additional surgery is done to remove the pus.

Mist in the eyes, or Irwin Gass syndrome

Or Irwin Gass syndrome, appears a month after cataract surgery. Fluid accumulates in the central part of the retina, which causes the macula to swell. Symptoms of the development of Irwin Gass's disease include:

pinkish mist protruding before the eyes;
distortion of objects;
fear of light.

To detect the disease, an examination of the fundus is carried out using a microscope and an optical tomograph. People with this complication are prescribed anti-inflammatory drugs in a tablet, injectable form... If the treatment fails, a surgical procedure is prescribed.

Corneal edema

Removing a mature cataract, which has a hard structure, increases the risk of complications due to ultrasound exposure. Therefore, a film forms on the cornea after surgery. But the symptom is not treated.

If air bubbles appear in the cornea, solutions, ointments and lenses are prescribed. In especially severe cases, the cornea is changed by surgery.

Astigmatism, myopia, or hyperopia

If the operating process for cataract removal with the replacement of the lens of the eye is violated, a complication appears - myopia, farsightedness or astigmatism. This happens for several reasons:

use of low-quality tools;
increased intraocular pressure;
seam overtension.

Complications are diagnosed if a person's vision deteriorates sharply after cataract removal. The ophthalmologist examines the eyelid with a special instrument. Treatment involves wearing lenses, glasses, if a person after cataract surgery does not see near or far.

Lens displacement

The ligaments and capsules of the optic organ are torn when the surgeon commits wrong actions. Therefore, there is a complication after cataract surgery - lens displacement.

This defect is characterized by the following symptoms:

something gets in the way and doubles in the eye;
bright flashes;
swelling, swelling;
painful sensations;
darkness before eyes.

As a diagnostic measure, a study of the fundus is prescribed. Complication is treated surgically... During the procedure, the doctor raises and fixes the lens in the right place.

Retinal disinsertion

If black dots appear in the eyes after cataract surgery, this indicates the development of retinal detachment. More often people with myopia are susceptible to this complication. In addition to black dots, flashes may appear, a veil blocking the view.

Several studies are used to diagnose pathology, intraocular pressure is measured. The defect is eliminated through a surgical procedure.

Bleeding

A large artery is located in the choroid of the optic organ. After cataract removal, the occurrence of rupture of this artery is explained by the presence of the following diseases:

diabetes;
glaucoma;
disturbed work of the cardiovascular system;
atherosclerosis.

Sometimes bleeding occurs during the surgical procedure. This is considered a serious complication and requires rapid sealing of the wound.

When bleeding takes place, the person's eyelid turns red, capillaries are visible. At the same time, the mucous membrane of the organ swells.

Prevention

To prevent complications on the eye after cataract surgery, you need to follow the recommendations of the specialist who replaced the lens. The postoperative period includes the following preventive measures:

Exclusion of visual and physical activity.
Applying a tight bandage to the eyelid for the first 5 days after replacing the lens.
Instillation of drops that promote tissue healing. For example, drugs such as "Vitabakt", "Diclof" are used.
When there is no longer double vision and vision has recovered, it is necessary to monitor the purity of the visual organ, wear glasses as recommended by a doctor.

Almost all people with a cataract removed do not experience visual impairments. The recovery period lasts several months.

Additionally, we invite you to watch a video where the ophthalmologist will tell you about complications and their prevention:

New methods of treatment and computer equipment help to carry out phacoemulsification with minimal risks of developing subsequent complications. But at the first signs of a developing defect, it is necessary to visit an ophthalmologist.

Comment on the article, tell us and other readers about your experience. Share the article with your friends by reposting. Be healthy.

Cataract is an unpleasant disease, but, nevertheless, curable. Often it is necessary, however, to use surgical techniques to cope with it. But such intervention is not always successful and does not lead to a number of problems. And in certain situations, a so-called secondary cataract occurs after replacing the lens, the treatment of which must also be carried out. How to proceed in this case?

What it is?

The usual so-called primary cataract develops due to clouding of a substance in the lens... Treatment involves the intervention of surgeons - you will need to replace the natural lens with a special lens. During the operation, one of the walls of the lens capsule is carefully excised, the affected lens is removed, and a new, artificial one is put in its place. For the first time such an operation was carried out in 1950 in Great Britain.

However, after an operation to rid the patient of this pathology, cataracts may appear again in the eyes. But where does it come from if the lens has already been removed? The fact is that the lens capsule, which is sufficiently soft and elastic, is not removed during surgery - a special intraocular lens is placed in it. And the walls of the remaining posterior capsule are simply compacted, overgrown with epithelium - in healthy eye they are very thin, and the thickened walls in a cataract affected and operated eye lead to blurred vision. It's just that light rays can no longer freely penetrate all structures of the eye and reach the retina.

This is how a pathology called secondary cataract... The symptoms are very similar to the usual one, but in fact this is not a returning primary cataract, since the nature of the pathologies differs. The secondary type develops only after surgery to treat the primary one.

On a note! Secondary cataract usually occurs in 30% of people who have had it. Usually, the pathology develops within 6-18 months from the date of surgery.

Most often, secondary cataract is observed in people who have had the disease at a young age. Older patients usually develop lens capsule fibrosis instead. Sometimes the incidence of the disease can be strongly influenced by the material and type of artificial lens implanted in the eye. For example, acrylic lenses show it more often than silicone lenses.

Table. Types of secondary cataracts.

Symptoms

There are not many symptoms of secondary cataract, but it is thanks to their appearance (sometimes - gradual) that it is possible to identify the developing disease in time. The signs include:

deterioration in the quality of vision (gradual);
blurred look;
change in color perception - all objects become yellowish;
double image, its distortion;
an increase in the level of light sensitivity;
the appearance of black or white dots before the eyes;
inability to correct vision with glasses;
glare in the eyes;
the appearance on the pupil of a cloudy focus - a speck of gray color (in certain cases).

It is after the operation that it is impossible to declare that a person may have a cataract. And even improved vision does not guarantee the absence of its development. Therefore, it is very important, especially in the first year after the operation, to monitor your condition and go to the doctor at the slightest sign of secondary cataract development.

Development reasons

Secondary cataract is a common complication. It can have several forms and each has its own reasons for development.

Posterior capsule fibrosis is caused by the active development of epithelial cells, which is why the capsule becomes thicker. Visual acuity is significantly reduced. To call this pathology pure secondary cataract would be somewhat incorrect.

May also develop pearl dystrophy, which is called secondary cataract. It occurs often, but its cause is the formation of defective lens fibers, which are called Adamyuk-Elschnig balls. These fibers migrate over time to the central optic and create clouding of the eye. Vision deteriorates due to the impossibility of passing light through the lens capsule.

On a note! The development of secondary cataracts can provoke diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. Incorrectly performed can also cause complications.

Risk factors that trigger the development of cataracts include:

the young age of the patient;
eye injury;
inflammatory and non-inflammatory diseases of the organs of vision;
metabolic problems;
negative habits and unhealthy lifestyles;
poisoning;
heredity.

Treatment methods and diagnostics

If signs of cataract development appear, you must immediately go to an appointment with an ophthalmologist. The doctor will diagnose and determine whether the pathology is really developing or whether the visual impairment is caused by some other reason.

Diagnostics includes:

checking the clarity of vision;
biomicroscopic eye examination using a special slit lamp. It will help determine the type of opacity of the capsule and will reveal the absence or presence of edema or any inflammation;
measurement of pressure indicators inside the eye;
examination of the fundus, which will reveal retinal detachment and a number of other problems;
if macular edema is suspected, the doctor performs angiography or coherence tomography.

Treatment of secondary type cataracts can be performed in two ways - laser and surgical. In the second case, the blurred area is excised. The technique is applicable if secondary cataract has caused the development of a number of serious complications that threaten complete loss of vision. Previously, treatment was carried out only in this way, over time it became possible to correct pathology using laser technology.

Laser correction is a safe and simple method that does not threaten a person with the development of any complications and does not require a number of complex studies. The technique appeared and began to be applied in 2004, it is called laser capsulotomy, is non-invasive and painless.

As a rule, a special laser is used to carry out a capsulotomy, which works on the so-called yttrium aluminum garnet with neodymium. Doctors call it YAG laser (Latin abbreviation YAG). This laser is capable of destroying cloudy tissues, anesthesia is performed by drip, and the procedure lasts no more than 10-15 minutes. Immediately after the end of treatment, vision returns to normal, the patient can go home even while driving.

Contraindications

Fortunately, this operation has practically no contraindications. However, it can be postponed to another time due to a number of aspects:

with corneal edema;
due to cystic edema macular area;
with a number of pathologies of the retina or macula;
in inflammatory diseases eyeball;
due to a number of changes in the cornea, including its edema.

Prevention after surgery

The patient needs to monitor his health after a conventional cataract correction operation on his own. Only if all the recommendations of the ophthalmologist are followed will it be possible to protect oneself as much as possible from the development of complications. For example, within 4-6 weeks, the patient should instill special eye drops that will protect them from the development of inflammatory processes. Lifting weights, rubbing your eyes with your hands or moving abruptly is also not worth it. It is forbidden to go to the pool, bath or sauna, to play sports, to put on makeup.

Laser cataract surgery can also be accompanied by complications if you do not follow the rules of eye care. It is important to monitor eye pressure for 30-60 minutes immediately after surgery. If the pressure is normal, then the person simply goes home, where he independently conducts antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapy for the time indicated by the doctor.

Attention! One of the most common complications after surgery is anterior uveitis. But it develops, as a rule, in the absence of proper care and non-compliance with the doctor's recommendations.

In the first weeks after the operation, "" may appear in front of your eyes, but you should not worry about this. They appear due to the fact that the remains of the destroyed lens capsule fall into the field of view of a person. But if the points do not disappear, then you need to visit a doctor. Decrease in visual acuity should also cause concern.

How to prevent the development of cataracts

Sometimes it is much easier to prevent a disease than to cure it. Let's consider how you can reduce the risks of developing cataracts in general.

Step 1. It is important to protect your eyes from the sun. It is dangerous to be in sunlight without eye protection for a long time - it can lead to the development of cataracts or even eye cancer. It is better to wear a hat with a visor on your head, and sunglasses on your eyes. During the day, if possible, it is not recommended to stay in the sun from 11 to 15 hours.

Step 2. It is recommended to lead a healthy lifestyle, give up alcohol and cigarettes. Substances that the body receives due to bad habits can reduce the regenerative processes of the body and act negatively on the body as a whole.

Step 3. You need to eat right, include in the menu as many vegetables and herbs as possible, as well as foods rich in vitamins E and C. Antioxidants contained in greens are good preventive measures against cataracts.

Step 4. Doctors often associate cataracts with diabetes, which, in turn, is associated with obesity. Therefore, it is important to keep track of your weight and exercise.

Step 5. Regular examination by an ophthalmologist is required. In this case, the disease can be detected in the early stages and treatment will be easier.

Step 6. It is important to see a doctor immediately if you have any cataract symptoms.

Step 7. In your work, it is important to use glasses and other means that help in the prevention and prevention of cataracts further developmentif it has already appeared.

Video - Treatment of secondary cataract

Secondary cataract does not always occur. And, fortunately, now it is not difficult to cure it. The main thing is not to start the development process and consult a doctor in time at the first symptoms of its appearance.

I am 65 years old. I am a doctor. In 2013, he removed a cataract in his right eye. In 2016 - in the left. Both operations were performed at the Lege artic clinic on Federated Prospect. Both lenses are from the same company, AcrySof IQ.

The postoperative process went well. Eyesight was perfectly restored. Two months after the operation, a feeling appeared in the right eye that something was interfering. I went to the clinic, where, after examination, they revealed demodex. A course of treatment was prescribed. Another two months have passed, but there is no effect. The feeling of a foreign body that interferes with life does not go away. I went to the clinic again. They replied that everything is fine. The operation went great, you have a dry eye symptom. Drop Artelac into the right eye.

Another 2 months passed. The sensation of a foreign body only in the right eye remains. There was constant tearing from this one eye. At the present time, in addition to the sensation of "interference" in the eye, there is double vision when reading. When you close one or the other eye, the picture is clear and reading is a pleasure. When reading with two eyes, reading is impossible due to double vision. Sent for a consultation at the Eye Surgery Center. There they made me an optical coherence tomography of the retina. The diagnosis of OD AMD, "dry" form.

Considering all of the above, I want to ask. With this feeling of "interruption" to continue living? By and large, this is not fatal. Maybe after 2-3 years I will get used to it. I will read less. Listen more. I ask for advice.

Asks: Vladimir

Cataract specialist's answer

Hello.

The foreign body sensation is unlikely to be associated with demodex, but is more commonly associated with dry eye syndrome. However, to exclude other reasons, it is better to see an ophthalmologist. To reduce discomfort, you can try to drip an artificial tear (this is a group of drugs that improves the properties of the tear film and has no side effects). Examples of drugs: Hilokomod, Systain, Oftolik, Natural tear, etc. Dripping at least 4 times a day into both eyes for at least two months. However, it is recommended that you investigate the cause of your problem at an in-person appointment with an ophthalmologist.

After operation

Immediately after cataract surgery

You may feel lethargic after local anesthesia. These sensations are normal and will go away fairly quickly.

Your doctor may use drops containing an antibiotic to avoid eye infection and anti-inflammatory drops to minimize swelling. They can cover your eyes with an overlay

You may be discharged medications and issue instructions for eye care. You will be scheduled for follow-up visit (s) and then released home. Your doctor may give you dark sunglasses for driving.

Relax and let the person accompanying you buy all the medicines the doctor prescribes for them. Your doctor will not allow you to drive yourself.

Do not touch, rub, or remove the protective bandage. The eye may be sensitive and may even itch for several days. You may observe slight glare or ghosting, but these phenomena will disappear over time.

Start doing your usual daily activities - other than driving - during the first 24 hours, unless otherwise instructed by your doctor. Do not lift anything heavier than 7 kg, as lifting weights can increase intraocular pressure.

Do not remove the protective blindfold from your eyes during sleep, if your doctor recommends it, and do not sleep on the operated side of your body.

The next day, you will need to come to the doctor for a follow-up examination.

Do not apply eye makeup until your doctor tells you to.

If you are in good health, you should be able to resume vigorous exercise after a week.

Results of surgery different people may be different. The information provided here does not in any way replace the advice of a physician.

During the first month after surgery, the eye should fully recover. The brain will continue to adapt to the new IOL. If you have dry eye syndrome, your doctor may prescribe mild dry eye drops.

Come to the control examination in a month. If you need cataract surgery in your second eye, it will most likely be done during this time. If you received a monofocal IOL and you are not having surgery on your other eye, you will be prescribed new glasses or contact lenses at that time.

Test your vision by doing as many activities as possible. The more your eyes and brain work in tandem, the more results you can enjoy.

Over the next 2-4 months, you will be adjusting while feeling and seeing great. Your doctor may still want to check how your condition is changing, especially if the cataract was bilateral.

If you have a secondary cataract in which the posterior capsule holding the IOL loses transparency (which is rare), your doctor will perform a second YAG laser procedure on an outpatient basis.

In six months, vision should be optimal. Do absolutely whatever you can.

In one year go full examination see an ophthalmologist and have this done annually.

Cataract treatment with earthworms here

How to take Katahrom eye drops correctly

Laser treatment

Laser cataract treatment is the most progressive and high-tech method of performing cataract surgeries today. This is the latest achievement in the field of ophthalmic surgery, well established in the world. Now, cataract treatment with a femtosecond laser is available in modern clinics.

Benefits laser treatment cataracts:

the highest level the accuracy of the operation.
Laser technologies used during the intervention ensure ultra-precision at all stages;
quick recovery after surgery.
The use of a laser eliminates the use of mechanical instruments, and after the operation, all micro-accesses to the internal structures of the eye are quickly self-sealing;
sparing effect.
The use of a laser minimizes the effect of ultrasound on the internal structures of the eye during the operation and avoids the risk of postoperative corneal edema;
maximum quality of visual characteristics.
The accuracy of the laser action allows you to achieve the maximum quality of vision during the implantation of intraocular lenses, especially high-tech (toric, multifocal, pseudo-accommodating);
quick restoration of visual acuity.
The laser ophthalmological system allows automating the most difficult stages of cataract surgery, the quality of which has a direct impact on the final result of the operation - the patient's visual acuity;
stable, predictable results.

The equipment and technologies used during the operation make it possible to carry out a truly personalized operation, taking into account the individual characteristics of the visual system of each patient, and therefore predict the result.

What is the difference between laser cataract treatment and traditional surgery?

The main difference between the new technology and traditional surgery is the way of forming access to the internal structures of the eye, the lens, as well as the mechanism of destruction of the lens. During a traditional operation, these stages of the intervention are carried out using special microsurgical instruments. When using a surgical laser, manipulations are performed contactlessly using a laser beam. The fragmentation of the lens before it is removed from the eye in traditional surgery occurs using only ultrasound. Laser treatment allows this stage to be carried out using a laser beam, therefore, the effect of ultrasound is reduced.

Stages of a cataract surgery with a laser

On the basis of studies of an optical coherence tomograph (OCT) before the operation, all the necessary parameters of the eye are determined, on their basis the course of the intervention is calculated and the configuration of the corneal approaches is modeled.
A femtosecond laser forms accesses of a given configuration to the internal structures of the eye and to the lens, the process is broadcast on a special monitor in 3D mode.
The femtosecond laser system exfoliates the lens core. The destruction of the lens can be done in two ways: by sectors or circularly.
A femtosecond laser is used to form a hole in the lens capsule. Due to the unique properties of femtosecond technologies, as well as ultra-precise research, the hole is perfectly flat, and its centering is absolutely accurate. At this stage, the laser effect is completed, and the ophthalmic surgeon performs further manipulations using a microsurgical system.
The lens, fragmented by a laser beam, is converted into an emulsion by means of a microsurgical system under the action of ultrasound and is removed from the eye.
Through a micro-access up to 1.6 mm in size, a flexible intraocular lens is inserted into the capsule, where the lens was previously located, in a folded state, which independently unfolds inside the eye and is securely fixed.

Equipment used for laser cataract treatment

To carry out the operation according to the new technique, the LenSx surgical femtosecond laser system from Alcon (USA) is used. This is the first of its kind femtolaser system specially designed for cataract surgery and receiving FDA approval. The system has been registered and certified in Russia. The equipment has all the necessary certificates, warranty coverage and multilevel clinical support.

The LenSx surgical laser system is equipped with an integrated intraoperative optical coherence tomograph (OCT). This allows you to explore and automatically calculate the parameters of the intervention, and during the operation - to fully control the state of the internal structures of the eye. As a result, the highest level of accuracy and safety of the intervention is achieved. Laser treatment of cataracts can be called a truly personalized operation: the system calculates all parameters individually for each patient.

How does a surgical femtosecond laser work?

The peculiarity of the femtosecond laser is that its beam can be focused at any depth with an accuracy of several microns. This creates a layer of microbubbles that exfoliates tissue at the molecular level without generating heat or affecting the surrounding tissue. A femtosecond laser arranges multiple bubbles in a neighborhood to create an accurate profile of the desired configuration. Thus, there is no cutting, but delamination of the tissues.

Results of laser cataract treatment

getting rid of cataracts once and for all in the most gentle and most progressive way to date;

minimum recovery period after surgery;

the risk of postoperative astigmatism is excluded due to almost non-contact exposure;

obtaining qualitatively better visual characteristics during the implantation of high-tech lenses;

quick restoration of visual acuity after surgery;

predictable results due to ultra-precision and individualization of the intervention;

cataract treatment in cases where, due to contraindications, traditional surgery can be refused.

Rehabilitation

To protect the damaged eye from any damage and infection, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the rules of rehabilitation. Usually, they are the same for everyone, but in some cases, an ophthalmologist can develop an individual list of rehabilitation rules.

During postoperative rehabilitation, it is necessary to adhere to following recommendations:

Mode. In the first days after the operation, the patient does not have to adhere to bed or semi-bed rest, but the amount of physical activity should be minimal. Any activity should continue until even the slightest fatigue occurs, not only in the eye, but throughout the body.

Hygiene. It is strictly forbidden to wash your face; if ordinary water accidentally gets into the operated eye, it must be immediately washed with a solution of furacilin or chloramphenicol. In the first days after surgery, it is strongly not recommended to wash your hair, any water procedures should affect only the body up to the neck, above - not. The use of any cosmetic or facial cleansing agents is prohibited.

Visit doctor. Visits to the doctor should not be neglected, since only he, with the knowledge and special instruments, will be able to fully examine the operated eye and state the presence or absence of complications.

Bandage. After the operation, the surgeon applies a bandage to the eye; it can only be removed the next morning. Wearing a bandage is a must when leaving the house and is recommended at home.

Eye drops. Regardless of the activity of the healing processes, eye drops are an irreplaceable means of rehabilitation. They protect the eye from development infectious diseases, protect it from irritation and soothe inflamed tissues. The doctor independently, in accordance with the individual characteristics of the patient, determines the optimal type eye drops and the frequency of their use. Drops play an important role in active healing and restoration of the functionality of the eye.

Complications

According to the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons, about 3 million cataract operations (IOL implantations) are performed annually in the United States (no data for Russia). Moreover, the number of successful operations is over 98 percent. The complications that have arisen are currently in most cases successfully treated conservatively or surgically.

The most common complication is clouding of the posterior capsule of the lens or "secondary cataract". It was found that the frequency of its occurrence depends on the material from which the lens is made. So, for polyacryl IOLs, it is up to 10%, while for silicone - already about 40%, and for those made from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) - 56%. The true reasons leading to this, and effective methods of prevention are currently not established.

It is believed that this complication may be caused by migration of epithelial cells of the lens left after removal into the space between the lens and the posterior capsule, and, as a result, the formation of deposits that degrade image quality. The second possible cause is fibrosis of the lens capsule. Treatment is carried out using a YAG laser, with the help of which a hole is formed in the central zone of the opaque posterior capsule of the lens.

In the early postoperative period, an increase in IOP is possible. The reason for this may be incomplete washout of viscoelastic (a special gel-like preparation introduced into the anterior chamber of the eye to protect its structures from damage) and its ingress into the drainage system of the eye, as well as the development of the pupillary block when the IOL is displaced to the iris. In most cases, the use of antiglaucoma drops for several days is sufficient.

Cytoid macular edema (Irwin-Gass syndrome) occurs after phacoemulsification of cataracts in approximately 1% of cases. With an extracapsular lens removal technique, this complication is detected in about 20 percent of patients. People with diabetes, uveitis, and “wet” AMD are at greater risk. The incidence of macular edema also increases after cataract extraction, complicated by rupture of the posterior capsule or loss of the vitreous humor. For treatment, corticosteroids, NSAIDs, angiogenesis inhibitors are used. If unsuccessful conservative treatment it is possible to perform vitreoectomy.

Corneal edema is a fairly common complication after cataract removal. The reason may be a decrease in the pumping function of the endothelium, provoked by mechanical or chemical damage during surgery, an inflammatory reaction, and concomitant ocular pathology. In most cases, the swelling goes away without any treatment within a few days. In 0.1% of cases, pseudophakic bullous keratopathy develops, in which bullae (blisters) form in the cornea. In such cases, hypertonic solutions or ointments, therapeutic contact lenses are used, and the pathology that caused this condition is treated. If there is no effect, corneal transplantation can be performed.

A fairly common complication of IOL implantation is postoperative (induced) astigmatism, which can lead to a deterioration in the final functional result of the operation. Its value depends on the method of cataract extraction, the location and length of the incision, whether sutures were applied to seal it, the occurrence of various complications during the operation. To correct small degrees of astigmatism, glasses or contact lenses can be prescribed, with severe ones, refractive surgery is possible.

IOL displacement (dislocation) is much less common than the complications described above. Retrospective studies have shown that the risk of IOL dislocation in patients 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 years after the implantation was 0.1, 0.1, 0.2, 0.7 and 1.7 percent, respectively. It has also been found that in the presence of pseudoexfoliation syndrome and weakness of the zinc ligaments, the likelihood of lens displacement increases.

After IOL implantation, the risk of developing rhegmatogenous retinal detachment increases. To a greater extent, this risk is exposed to patients who had complications during the operation, who received an eye injury in the postoperative period, who had myopic refraction, and who were suffering from diabetes. In 50 percent of cases, detachment occurs in the first year after surgery. Most often it develops after intracapsular cataract extraction (5.7%), less often - after extracapsular (0.41-1.7%) and phacoemulsification (0.25-0.57%). All patients after IOL implantation should be monitored regularly by an ophthalmologist for early detection of this complication. The principles of treatment are the same as for detachments of a different etiology.

Choroidal (expulsive) bleeding develops extremely rarely during cataract removal. This is an acute, absolutely unpredictable condition in which bleeding occurs from the vessels of the choroid, lying under the retina and feeding it. Risk factors are arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, glaucoma, aphakia, a sudden rise in IOP, axial myopia or, conversely, a very small PZR (anteroposterior size) of the eye, inflammation, taking anticoagulants, old age.

In some cases, it stops on its own and affects the visual functions of the eye only slightly, but sometimes its consequences can lead to loss of the eye. For treatment, complex therapy is used, including local and systemic corticosteroids, drugs with cycloplegic and mydriatic effect, antiglaucoma drugs. In some cases, surgical treatment may be indicated.

Endophthalmitis is a rare complication of cataract surgery, leading to a significant decrease in visual functions, up to their complete loss. The frequency of occurrence, according to various sources, ranges from 0.13 to 0.7%.

The risk of development increases if the patient has blepharitis, conjunctivitis, canaliculitis, obstruction of the nasolacrimal ducts, entropion, while wearing contact lenses and a prosthetic pair of eyes, after recent immunosuppressive therapy. The symptoms of intraocular infection are marked redness of the eye, pain, increased photosensitivity, decreased vision. In order to prevent endophthalmitis, instillations of a 5% povidone-iodine solution are used before the operation, injected into the chamber or subconjunctivally antibacterial agents, possible foci of infection are sanitized. The preferred use of disposable or careful handling of reusable surgical instruments is important.

Contraindications for removal

In order to somehow cope with the disease, it is necessary to carry out an operation. But, like any other surgical intervention, there are also contraindications for cataract surgery. The operation itself can be performed by several methods, but the choice of method depends on which clinic the operation is performed in and how much the disease process has gone.

There are no true contraindications for eye cataract removal yet. That is, the operation can be performed at almost any age. However, there are so-called relative contraindications that you should definitely pay attention to.

Such contraindications include the following diseases:

Diabetes of any type and any complexity

Hypertension to any degree

Heart disease - congenital and acquired

Chronic diseases

These contraindications for cataract surgery should be taken into account, but this does not mean that the operation will be impossible with them. Just before removing a cataract, you should definitely consult with your doctor and find out exactly how the above listed diseases will affect the course of the operation itself and the healing process.

After the operation, restoration of a person's vision can take up to a week. However, everything here is strictly individual. It will depend on what method the operation was carried out, and what was the success of its implementation.

After an operation to remove a cataract, the patient is simply required to follow a number of rules.

Firstly, for a long time, he cannot lift more than three kilograms of weight.

Secondly, you should not make too sharp movements and do not tilt your head down too much. This can cause a bad effect in the postoperative period, and in some cases it can lead to re-operation.

Thirdly, limit your stay in the open sun, do not visit the bathhouse or sauna, do not use too hot water when washing.

Fourthly, when leaving the house at any time of the year, be sure to wear sunglasses.

If the patient after the operation has any other diseases that affect vision and the condition of the eyes, then the rehabilitation period can drag on for a rather long period.

Complications of lens replacement

After lens replacement, complications are minimal. The most common clouding of the posterior capsule of the implant. This condition is called secondary cataract. But this interpretation is incorrect, since the cataract itself cannot arise. This pathology is not terrible and can be successfully corrected using a laser. Displacement of the lens, inflammation and infection are also possible after surgery. To avoid infection, ophthalmologists recommend using special anti-inflammatory drops after replacing the lens. With a properly organized postoperative period possible complications are reduced to a minimum.

Drops

It should be remembered that eye drops can only slow down the development of the disease, but not completely heal it. But in some cases, the operation cannot be performed, and then eye drops become the main method of treatment. The earlier you start treatment with drugs, the better result... Since cataract is a chronic disease, treatment with drops must be carried out constantly, breaks lead to the progression of the disease.

Pharmaceutical companies have developed a huge number of drugs for the treatment of cataracts. Eye drops differ in price, effectiveness and side effects.

The most common cataract drops are vitayodurol, vitafacol, Smirnov's drops, quinax, oftan-katachrom. The composition of any drops from the progression of cataracts include vitamins of group B and C, potassium iodide, amino acids and antioxidants.

The situation in ophthalmology is such that no comprehensive efficacy study has been conducted for any of the cataract drugs independent of the pharmaceutical company. This means that numerous cataract drops do not have an evidence-based scientific basis for use. Of course, vitamins will not harm you. But whether they will cure cataracts is a big question.

Experts believe that of the whole variety of drops, only eye drops for cataracts "Quinax" deserve special attention. For a stable result, you will need regular use, you need to bury it in the sore eye - one drop three times a day.

Cataract

Cataract - clouding of the lens, leading to a decrease in the transmission of light rays and a decrease in visual acuity. In most cases, cataracts are age-related pathology... The disease can be diagnosed in children as congenital or develop at any age due to trauma, inflammation, or the presence of a general pathology. READ MORE

The only way to eliminate pathology is micro surgery, which consists in removing the clouded lens of the eye and replacing it with artificial lens (IOL).

Currently, in the practice of the IRTC "Eye Microsurgery", a high-tech method of sutureless surgery is used, in which cataract removal is carried out by the method of ultrasonic phacoemulsification. and the artificial lens is implanted through an ultra-small incision or laser comminution of the cataract is performed, followed by suction of the lens fragments. In these operations, the incision is so small that it does not need to be sutured.

Today, MNTK "Eye Microsurgery" uses advanced femtosecond technologies to perform key stages in cataract surgery.

Most of the stages of cataract surgery, previously performed directly by the surgeon, the femtosecond laser system takes over. The laser independently forms a corneal incision, circular capsulorhexis and crushes the lens.

The advantages of using Femtolaser are:

remote (without the use of surgical instruments) destruction of the lens, which avoids many complications

unsurpassed accuracy of the main stages of the operation.

operation safety with predictably high functional results.

the ability to ensure the ideal and stable position of modern models of artificial lenses for many years.

reduction of the rehabilitation period to several hours, which makes it possible to carry out such operations on an outpatient basis.

In some cases, when phacoemulsification or laser removal of cataracts is impossible, the surgeon uses other methods of removing a cloudy lens, in which the operating incision is sutured with a special superfine thread.

The MNTK "Eye Microsurgery" has accumulated a tremendous experience in surgical interventions for cataracts, more than 1 million operations have been performed in 20 years. Thanks to the works of S.N. Fedorov and his school, these interventions became available to many patients around the world, and their prospects for the coming decades were determined.

DIAGNOSTICS OF CATARACT

TREATMENT

Continuous improvement of cataract phacoemulsification technology, introduction into clinical practice of new models of intraocular lenses and devices for surgical treatment have made cataract surgery a safe, highly effective and predictable method of treatment that practically does not reduce the performance of our patients. The modern technique of performing cataract surgery allows you to get maximum visual functions already on the first day after surgery.

What is cataract

Cataract - This is a deterioration in vision due to clouding of the eye lens. A person suffering from cataracts experiences severe discomfort. The contours of objects sees blurred, indistinct, doubled. As the cataract develops, it is often necessary to change the lenses in glasses for stronger ones. The disease is widespread.

Causes of cataracts

Some eye injuries, such as mechanical and chemical injuries, are the cause of cataracts. Also, the occurrence of cataracts is influenced by reasons such as certain eye diseases, such as glaucoma or high myopia, as well as diabetes mellitus, vitamin deficiency, or long-term use of certain drugs. According to some sources, in more than 20 million people worldwide, this disease was the beginning of the onset of blindness. Poor ecology, poisoning with various toxic drugs, ultraviolet or radiation exposure, microwave and smoking can also become the cause of cataracts.

The main causes of eye cataracts

Smoking (nicotine causes intraocular vasoconstriction);

Toxin poisoning;

Strong radioactive background;

Long-term medication;

Different types of radiation;

Endocrine imbalance (post-menopause, hypothyroidism);

Eye diseases (myopia, glaucoma);

Traumatic injury;

Heredity.

Eye cataracts in the elderly

In older people, cataracts are most common, and many experts even consider it a natural part of the aging process. In most cases, it affects both eyes, although one lens is often more opaque than the other. Typical symptoms of age-related cataracts:

Blurred vision;

The appearance of more or less large "blind spots" in the field of view - areas where visible objects seem to be hidden by fog. In this case, there is a feeling that a person is looking through the glass, on which there are stains of dirt that interfere with clearly seeing;

Deterioration of color perception;

The appearance of vision problems in sunlight or bright artificial lighting;

The appearance of halos around light sources - lamps, traffic lights, and so on.

Sometimes elderly people have symptoms of glaucoma and cataracts at the same time, and it is not always possible for the patient to distinguish one from the other. The main symptom of open-angle chronic glaucoma is the gradual deterioration of vision, which is also characteristic of cataracts. Less common is acute open-angle glaucoma, among the signs of which - strong pain In eyes, headache, redness of the eyes, hypersensitivity or soreness of the skin around the eyes.

These symptoms usually appear for one to two hours, at more or less long intervals, but each time they occur, vision deteriorates slightly. If any of the above signs appear, you should seek medical attention as soon as possible. In acute open-angle glaucoma, especially if it is accompanied by cataracts, vision can decrease very quickly, and this process is irreversible; in the absence of treatment acute glaucoma can lead to complete loss of vision.

Cataract symptoms

Cataracts usually develop slowly and do not cause pain. In the beginning, cataracts may only take up a small part of the lens and you may not notice any vision problems. Over time, the size of the cataract increases. The moment the amount of light rays reaching the retina is significantly reduced, your vision is impaired. Cataract symptoms include:

blurry vision - "as in a fog";

deterioration in night vision;

increased sensitivity to bright light;

the need to use brighter light when reading, etc.;

the need for frequent changes in the level of diopters in glasses and contact lenses;

weakening of color perception; double vision if the opposite eye is closed.

Cataracts usually do not cause any external eye changes. Pain, redness, itching, and irritation of the eyes are not symptoms of cataracts, but may be associated with other conditions. Cataracts are not harmful to the eyes, unless the lens turns completely white. In these cases, the development of inflammation, pain and headache is possible. This type of cataract is rare and requires urgent surgical treatment. Do not forget that an examination by an ophthalmologist is recommended every 2-4 years for persons under 65 and every 1-2 years for persons over 65, as well as after the appearance of new vision problems. If you have cataract symptoms, it is recommended that you visit an ophthalmologist for an examination.

Stages of cataract

Cataract, the symptoms of which appear depending on the course of the disease, has four stages of development:

Stage I (initial)

Vision decreases insignificantly, a person begins to see poorly in one or both eyes. During observation by an ophthalmologist, a streaky turbidity of the lens from the periphery to the central part is visible. Symptoms are varied: some patients do not experience deterioration of vision, others complain of the appearance of "flies" in front of their eyes, while others experience changes in refraction, which requires a relatively quick change of diopters in glasses.

Stage II (immature)

A distinctive characteristic of the disease is noticeable changes in the level of vision. Visual picture becomes very blurry and not clear. The stage is characterized by the fact that the opacity of the lens is drawn to the central optical zone. An increase in the lens often provokes an increase in intraocular pressure.

Stage III (mature)

It is characterized by the fact that vision decreases almost to light sensations, there is a clear visible clouding of the lens, which completely reduces vision. The patient sees hand movements only near the face.

Stage IV (overripe)

The lens shrinks or liquefies. The patient can notice the lens of the milk practically white... The only way out to avoid loss of vision at this stage and prevent the occurrence of secondary glaucoma is to apply laser exposure.

Diagnosis of cataracts

Cataract - insidious disease and determine whether you can only have it a qualified specialist... Unfortunately, many patients pay attention to their eye health only when it starts to bother them. The main method for diagnosing cataracts is to examine the fundus of the eye in good lighting. Sometimes such an examination already indicates certain problems. A more in-depth study is carried out using a light (slit) lamp - biomicroscopy of the eye, which gives directional illumination and magnification.

Its light beam is slit-shaped. The development of this technology was based on the discovery of the Swedish physicist Guldstrandt. In 1911, he created a device designed to illuminate the eyeball, which was later called the slit lamp. To illuminate the eye, the scientist used not the light source itself, but its actual reverse image, projected in the region of the slit diaphragm. A narrowly limited beam of light made it possible to create a clear contrast between the examined (illuminated) and unlit participants in the patient's eye, which later specialists began to call light activity.

Biomicroscopy allows the ophthalmologist to see all the details of the eyeball and examine in detail not only the external, but also deeply located tissue structures of the eye. In addition to examining the fundus with a slit lamp, cataract diagnostics include: techniques that allow you to calculate the strength of an artificial lens (intraocular lens). Individual calculation of parameters is carried out thanks to a device unique in Russia - "IOL-master" (ZEISS firm). Such a device makes it possible to simultaneously measure not only the length of the eye, the curvature of the cornea, the depth of the anterior chamber, assess the state of the natural lens, but also optimally calculate the parameters

Cataract surgery

Today, the most popular types of cataract surgery are: phacoemulsification of cataract and extracapsular cataract extraction with IOL implantation. Both of these surgeries are performed under local anesthesia.

Phacoemulsification of cataract with IOL implantation

The principle of the operation is that the surgeon inserts an ultrasonic instrument through 2-3 mm corneal incisions, breaks the lens substance with it and removes its remnants by microsurgical suction. After that, an artificial lens rolled into a tube is implanted into the freed lens sac, straightens it and centers it. The operation takes on average 10-20 minutes. No seams are applied. Pain relief is provided by pre-instillation of anesthetic drops.

Preparation for cataract surgery

After examining the eyes by the surgeon and deciding the method of surgical intervention, the patient receives a list of necessary laboratory tests and consultations from other doctors. After all, a surgical operation of even such a small organ as an eye is a great burden for the body, and an ophthalmic surgeon must be sure that a person will withstand, and his eye will heal quickly and without complications. 3-5 days before surgery, you will need to instill antibacterial drops to minimize the risk of eye infection.

How does cataract surgery work?

Before surgery, the anesthesiologist instills drops or injects an anesthetic drug into the lower eyelid under the eye.

The patient is awake but will feel nothing due to the anesthesia.

The patient will be invited to lie on a couch in the operating room and covered with sterile napkins.

A sterile film is glued around the eye, the surgeon adjusts the microscope and proceeds to the operation.

The eyelids and eyebrows of the patient will be treated with an antiseptic, then the eyelids will be fixed with a special dilator to prevent involuntary blinking.

If surgical intervention is performed only under the influence of drops, the ophthalmologist will definitely warn that the patient constantly looks up at the light and does not move his eyes. When injected under the eye, it will be immobilized, this will pass along with the action of anesthesia.

After cataract surgery

A healing gel and a protective bandage will be applied to the eye. When the anesthetic wears off, the patient may feel mild discomfort and pain in the eye. These unpleasant sensations are relieved by pain relievers. Before being discharged home, the patient will be instructed on how to cleanse and properly instill drops into the eye.

Recovery after cataract surgery

Vision will begin to improve a few hours after surgery and will finally recover in a month. The result after the operation depends primarily on the initial condition of the eye. Since the fundus of the eye is not visible behind the cloudy lens, the ophthalmologist can judge the retina and optic nerve only according to the results of additional studies - tomography, perimetry (lateral vision assessment) and ultrasound of the eye. If the patient has long-term diabetes mellitus or glaucoma, this may worsen the prognosis and the postoperative result may not be satisfactory.

For 2 months after cataract surgery, it is necessary to protect the eyes from excessive stress, avoid sharp bends and heavy lifting. The patient can watch TV, read, write, sew, swim, eat any food, sleep in any position - within a week after the operation. If a bright light causes discomfort, you can use sunglasses.

To shorten the recovery period after the operation, the attending physician will determine the procedure for using the eye drops and draw up a schedule for visiting the doctor for a preventive examination. Exact adherence to all doctor's prescriptions will shorten the time for tissue repair, protect the patient's eyes from any side effects, accelerate adaptation to new vision and restore binocular vision. Rules of conduct after cataract surgery

While your eye is healing, your doctor may ask you to follow one or more special precautions to help protect your new artificial lens and make the healing process faster and safer. These can be the following precautions:

For the first few days, sleep on your back or on the opposite side of your operated eye.

Do not tilt your head down for a long time unnecessarily. This can increase intraocular pressure.

Ask for help if you need to lift something up. Lifting objects can also cause pressure to build up in your eye.

Do not drive while your eye is healing.

Do not rub or press on your eye.

Wear sunglasses to protect your eyes from UV radiation.

Avoid getting soap and water in your eyes. Wash only to the level of your neck.

Take breaks when watching TV or reading if your eyes feel tired.

Follow your doctor's instructions.

Drops from cataracts

In the same cases when cataract surgery is undesirable, doctors prescribe cataract eye drops. In fact, such drugs cannot completely cure this disease. They are designed to slow down the process of lens opacity. It should be remembered that the sooner such treatment is started, the greater the results will be achieved. Therefore, at the first suspicion of the presence of such a disease, you should immediately seek medical help.

It should be understood that cataracts - chronic illness, and therefore drops should be used almost constantly. Long breaks can lead to even greater progression of the disease and decreased vision. Such drugs, as a rule, have practically no side effects, which means they are very safe. Cataract eye drops can be prescribed to any sick person. The only contraindication for such drugs is the individual intolerance of its components. the human body... They are very often prescribed even before surgery.

Today there are a lot of such drugs, which differ in price, effectiveness and the presence of contraindications. For example, “Vitafacol”, “Quinax”, “Taufon”, “Vitaiodurol”, “Vicin” and many others are popular. In most cases, the effect of the drug is based on the protection of the protein part of the lens from further opacity. In any case, only a doctor who is familiar with the medical history can prescribe suitable eye drops for you. Self-medication and unauthorized use of such drugs is fraught with negative consequences.

Treatment of cataracts with folk remedies

For the treatment of cataracts, traditional medicine offers its own methods and medicinal plants. Here are some common recipes:

Dissolve fresh comb honey in warm boiled water 1: 3 and instill 1-2 drops in both eyes four times a day. Always prepare the drops fresh. So it is treated for 1 - 2 months. This remedy is very good at helping to maintain vision.

Blueberries can be dried and made into an infusion or decoction. Infusion: 20 g of dry berries to insist for 8 hours in a glass cold water and drink a glass of infusion a day. Broth: 20 g of berries are boiled for 10 minutes in a glass of water and drunk 50 ml before meals.

Bilberry leaves also have healing power, from which an infusion or decoction is prepared. Infusion of leaves: insist 15 g of leaves in 0.4 liters of boiling water for an hour. Drink half a glass 3 times a day. Decoction of leaves: boil 60 g of leaves for 20 minutes in 1 liter of water and drink 50 ml 3 times a day.

Squeeze juice from geranium leaves, dilute with boiled water 1: 1, instill in the morning and evening, inhibits the development of cataracts. The use of geranium juice is only one of the components of a comprehensive treatment, you need a certain diet, taking vitamins and so on, requires a lot of patience and punctuality.

To stop clouding of the lens of the eye (cataract development). as well as improve your eyesight, you must constantly drink a decoction of not fried sunflower seeds without restrictions. Pour 250g of sunflower seeds over 3 liters of boiling water and keep on low heat for 15-20 minutes. cool, drain.

Add 3 celery stalks, two endive leaves, five medium-sized carrots to a bunch of parsley. Squeeze out the juice. The resulting drink is popularly called "emergency eye treatment."

A bunch of parsley, two turnip tops without leaves, five, medium-sized, carrots and one cabbage leaf. Squeeze out the juice.

Prevention of cataracts

In order to prevent cataracts, it is recommended to replenish certain substances in the body, for example, antioxidants. These include: glutathione, lutein, vitamin E. A balanced diet, abstinence from smoking and alcohol, and physical activity can prevent the development of cataracts. Regular examination by an ophthalmologist for persons over 50 years of age.

In the case when an ophthalmologist diagnoses a patient initial cataracteye drops are often prescribed, which provide improvement metabolic processes in the lens. These drugs are needed to slow the progression of lens opacities. Unfortunately, eye drops are not always effective remedy prevention and in the patient, almost always, further progression of cataract is noted.

Cataract is a serious disorder of the optic organ that causes permanent opacity of the lens. Ophthalmic pathology causes visual impairment. Replacing the lens of the eye in case of cataract helps to restore vision in the shortest possible time. To achieve a lasting therapeutic effect, it is important for patients to understand what restrictions should be followed after the operation.

Genetic predisposition plays an important role in the onset of the disease. Cataracts are often diagnosed in older people. It can develop against the background of diseases such as diabetes mellitus, scleroderma, eczema, myopia.

Clouding of the lens is accompanied by the appearance of a large number of symptoms, which can be used to determine the development of the disease. The main symptom of cataract is visual impairment, patients complain of blurred vision and blurred outlines. Items are often bifurcated. Ghosting or glare appears on the light source.

Drug treatment gives results only on early stage pathological process. But it is worth understanding that no matter how effective the drugs are, they will not be able to reverse the pathology, they can only slow down the progression of cataracts. Therefore, after the transition of the process to an immature stage, when the problem begins to significantly affect the quality of life, it is advisable to raise the issue of surgical intervention.

Attention! The result of the operation is largely determined by the skill of the surgeon. Yet big role plays the literacy of care and the correct behavior of the patient after surgery. A well-performed operation can simply be crossed out by rash actions during rehabilitation.

The operation to remove a cloudy lens involves the implantation of an artificial lens, which is put in place of a biological one. The procedure is performed on an outpatient basis under local anesthesia. Surgical intervention not only fights against loss of visual function, but also prevents the development of complications. A combination of glaucoma and cataracts is not uncommon. Experts recommend simultaneous surgical treatment of increased intraocular pressure and lens prosthetics.

After surgery to replace the lens, a rehabilitation period follows. It lasts about a month and involves regular visits to an ophthalmologist. In addition, the patient should not forget about some restrictions.

Rehabilitation after surgery includes regular visits to the optometrist

Features of the postoperative period

Innovative techniques in the operation eliminate the need for bed rest. The postoperative period of lens replacement lasts quite a long time. To preserve vision, it is important to adhere to all medical recommendations. The patient really needs the support of family and friends.

Rehabilitation takes place in three main stages. In some cases, it lasts up to six months. This largely depends on the characteristics of the patient and the type of surgery. Rapid recovery usually occurs after laser or ultrasound exposure.

Important! With laser correction, the rehabilitation period is reduced.

Let's consider the main stages of the rehabilitation period. The first lasts seven days. Patients are often worried about eye pain and swelling. At this stage, the body still reacts violently to cataract surgery. But despite the unpleasant symptoms, patients begin to notice significant changes.

At this stage, the doctor may prescribe anti-inflammatory non-hormonal agents... You can relieve puffiness with proper nutrition and good posture while sleeping. The patient should apply a bandage to avoid dust and various infectious agents.

In the first days after the operation, it is better to eat easily digestible food. It can be chicken broth, oatmeal, rosehip broth. Try to eat large foods containing vitamin A: pumpkin, carrots, meat, fish. Ascorbic acid, contained in red currants, citrus fruits, cauliflower, is useful to strengthen the immune system. Vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant with regenerative properties. It is found in liver, nuts, and vegetable oils.

The second stage lasts from eight to thirty days. Patients are shown a sparing regimen. Visual acuity at this stage has improved significantly, but its indicators are not yet stable. It is recommended to use glasses when watching TV and working at a computer. At this stage, the patient is prescribed special eye drops and wearing glasses is recommended.

And the third phase of recovery lasts from a month to six months. If laser correction has been carried out, then usually already at this stage it is possible to achieve the maximum improvement in visual acuity. Some restrictions in the mode still remain.

Staying outdoors will have a beneficial effect on the healing process.

Eye drops

For full recovery patients are prescribed disinfectant, anti-inflammatory drops. In some cases, the use of combined drugs will be required. Let's highlight the most popular tools:

Taufon. It is a metabolic agent used for both cataract and glaucoma. Drops are not prescribed for children, as well as for nursing mothers. The drug is well tolerated by patients, but in rare cases it can cause itching, burning, tearing, allergic reaction.
Maxitrol. Drops have antimicrobial effect wide range... The remedy suppresses the inflammatory reaction, and also copes with allergies. Maxitrol contains two antibacterial components, as well as one anti-inflammatory substance.
Floxal. The drops contain an antibacterial component from the group of fluoroquinolones. Floxal should not be used during pregnancy and lactation.
Tobrex. These antibacterial drops are used to fight infections.
Indocollir. Drops belong to the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Indocollir relieves inflammation, pain, and also prevents damage to the visual structures.

It is very important to wash your hands with soap and water before using the eye drops. The lower eyelid is gently pulled down, after which the agent is injected into the conjunctival sac.

Limitations

Rehabilitation after replacing the lens of the eye implies the following recommendations:

limit visual stress. If possible, do not watch TV or work at the computer;
in the early days, you should not wash your hair;
during the first week, it is worth limiting the amount of fluid consumed;
it is better not to drive a car for a whole month;
do not sleep on the side of the operated eye and stomach;
in the early days, exclude tap water from getting into your eyes. Then wash your face without using cosmetic foams and gels;
for the first two days, wear a fixation bandage on the operated eye;
limit your stay in smoky, dusty rooms;
give up physical activity for a month;
do not lift weights more than three kilograms;
refuse to visit public pools, saunas, baths;
in the diet, it is better to limit the consumption of table salt, spices, as well as animal fats;
men should abandon electric shavers that create vibration for the recovery period;
do not take hot baths;
avoid direct sunlight. Go outside with sunglasses;
within a month, you should stop using decorative cosmetics;
give up bad habits: smoking, including passive, as well as alcoholism;
visit your optometrist as directed.

Alcoholic beverages disrupt blood flow in the vessels, interfering with wound healing.

Effects

Although pain in the eyeball is a normal response of the body to cataract surgery, it is best to consult your doctor to make sure no complications develop. Lens replacement is associated with the risks of such undesirable phenomena:

re-cataract. According to statistics, it occurs in about twenty percent of cases. This is due to the fact that the surgeon cannot completely remove all the cells of the biological lens. The complication may appear after several months or even years;
an increase in intraocular pressure may be the result of a medical error. The hereditary factor also plays an important role. Ocular hypertension can easily appear in patients who, during the rehabilitation period, were engaged in intensive physical exercisewhich is strictly prohibited;
retinal detachment can develop due to trauma, existing diseases or medical error;
development of infectious processes;
lens displacement often appears when the size of the artificial lens and its supports do not match;
retinal edema can occur if the regimen is not observed in the postoperative period, injuries, diabetes mellitus and glaucoma;
hemorrhage in the anterior chamber does not require reoperation, it is treated with medication. This complication occurs most often due to the fault of a specialist or with excessive loads during the recovery period.

Many patients are concerned about why corneal edema appears after surgery. Experts explain that in this way the eye tissues react to the effects of ultrasound. Cope with an unpleasant symptom will help drug treatment... Immediately after removing the puffiness, the eyes begin to see well.

The operation can also cause the development of recurrent cataracts. The specific reasons for the development of this complication are still not fully understood. The development of the disease is based on the growth of the epithelium on the lens. As a result, the artificial lens becomes cloudy and vision deteriorates. Can cause cataracts medical error or poorly performed operation. And it is possible that the cells of the lens capsule react violently to the implant.

The first signs of this complication may appear several months or even years after the operation. If you notice a deterioration in color sensitivity and visual impairment, be sure to consult a specialist. In the absence of timely assistance, other unpleasant symptoms appear:

double vision;
blurred image boundaries;
blurred vision;
distortion of objects;
the appearance of spots before the eyes;
vision does not improve even when using lenses or glasses.

So, the postoperative period is no less important than the replacement of the lens. The skill of the surgeon and the correct behavior after the operation are the key to successful recovery and restoration of vision. You should not do rash and rash actions during rehabilitation. Be aware of your limitations and respect them. In no case do not lift weights, do not allow visual overload. Observe your work and rest routine, and also properly adhere to the rules of personal hygiene.