What to do if the pig's eyes are swollen. How to overcome edema disease in small pigs? How to cure mumps in newborns: the right therapy

Pig breeding is a troublesome business and requires a lot of knowledge and attention from the owners. Young stock at risk various diseases, one of which is edematous disease of piglets (escherichiosis). The disease occurs very quickly and is capable of causing great damage to the household. Establishing causes and organization correct treatment help to avoid mortality.

Escherichiosis mainly affects suckers and small piglets.

Causes

Non-compliance sanitary standards and requirements lead to the fact that swelling may begin. Most often, suckers are affected when their nutrition is not organized correctly. Lack of calcium in pig feed contributes to the onset of the disease. Vitamin norms in the diet of little pigs play an important role.

Lack of B-group vitamins makes the animal's body vulnerable and prone to various infections.

Piglets are often fed high-protein dry feed and are not getting enough liquid. Eaten food completely fills the stomach, presses on its walls, and its vessels are pinched. This promotes gastric amino acid decarboxylation and histamine production. It, interacting with bacteria, leads to swelling.

Adequate amounts of calcium, vitamin B and water - good prevention swelling

Disease symptoms

The grave condition of young animals is caused by exposure of the body to exotoxins and hemotoxins. These pathogens have the ability to interact with intestinal bacteria (salmonella). Incubation period illness is 6-10 hours and is characterized by the following symptoms:

• piglets develop pronounced toxicosis;
• the central nervous system;
• gastroenteritis is diagnosed;
• swelling of all organs is noted, which gave the name to the disease.

The disease begins suddenly and has both typical and atypical forms.

Puffiness can develop with lightning speed

Description of forms of puffiness

For the typical course of the disease, the following symptoms are characteristic:

• The appearance of a high temperature, possibly up to 41⁰, which normalizes after a couple of hours (from 6 to 8).
• Convulsions of parts of the body begin, quite frequent, repeated at short intervals. The gait becomes shaky, photophobia begins. High excitability is noted, the presence of muscle tremors is observed. At the slightest irritation, head twitching begins. For some piglets, the sitting dog pose is characteristic. They can lie on their side, movements resemble swimming ones. Excitement is replaced by severe depression. Depression is observed, there is no reaction to the call and touch.
• The eyelids and eyes swell, and later the swelling affects the nasal part of the head, forehead, nape and abdomen. There is a strong hyperemia of the mucous membranes.
• Animals lack appetite, diarrhea, tachycardia and severe cough appear.

If the piglets are not treated, then they die within 3 to 18 hours, sometimes within 3 days, the older ones die within 5 or 7 days.

For the atypical form of the disease, its milder course is characteristic. There are minor nervous disorders, diarrhea and signs of heart failure appear.

Treatment should be carried out immediately, as complications can begin and death is inevitable.

With an atypical form of puffiness, symptoms are weaker

Piglet puffiness treatment

The course of treatment is carried out in a comprehensive manner. Mineral and vitamin deficiencies are eliminated, complete feeding of piglets is organized. Medical and prophylactic treatment is needed not only for healthy animals, but also for all weaners.

Due to the high mortality rate, treatment is carried out immediately as the disease is detected. Piglet edema develops rapidly and is therefore dangerous. It is recommended to carry out the following activities:

• 7 days before weaning from the sow, inspect the young. The procedure is repeated after 7-10 days. In the presence of a disease, sick piglets are separated from a healthy population and immediately begin treatment.
• Sick piglets are not fed for 8-12 hours. They must be drunk with laxative solutions.
• To reduce the intoxication of each individual, it is necessary to give magnesium sulfate. The calculation is carried out on the basis of 25-40 grams per pig at one time.

They make medicinal solutions:

• For 10 liters of water, 50 to 60 g of Glauber's salt is used. Enemas are recommended to rid the intestines of toxins.
• Dose intramuscularly 1% diphenhydramine (4 ml in the morning and evening).
• Twice a day, each pig is injected with a 10% solution of calcium chloride. Also effective intramuscular injection calcium gluconate (20 ml), together with 10 ml of novocaine (10%).
• Drinking bowls must have sufficient fresh water at all times.

Glauber's salt - good remedy from puffiness

Antibiotic use

Piglets are treated with antibiotics. They are used to suppress the activity of E. coli. A combined form is used, where sulfanilomide is the basis. In its absence, cephalosporin is used. Everything medications should appoint veterinarian... Taking medications should be combined with the necessary vitamins... It is recommended to give diphenhydramine or chlorpromazine to sick piglets, which can relieve neurological seizures.

Urotropin (40%) increase urination by giving injections twice a day.

Prevention of the disease

Immunity to this disease has not been confirmed. It is known that most of pigs are killed. To avoid the problem, preventive measures must be taken:

• observe the diet of suckers;
• observe the right proportions in the ratio of dry and wet feed;
• be sure to use probiotics and vitamins in the feed of young animals. Mineral supplements give a good effect in treatment;
• it is recommended to feed piglets with milk containing acidophilus;
• small pigs must be properly taught to the new feed.

In order to prevent the stressful state in weaners, they should not be abruptly taken away from the sow. This is done step by step. They should be at the weaning site for 15 days. After this period, the young are transferred to other cells. They are further grown there.

Suckers should not be abruptly taken away from the sow

During this period, their food should not differ from what was used before. During illness, it is recommended to transfer the livestock to a special diet. Veterinarians prepare a special mixture of medicines: 200 kg of feed, adding 10 kg of sugar and 120 g of biomycin hydrochloric acid, 80 g of furozolidone, 400 g of sulfadimizin, 40 g of copper sulfate and 20 g of tilan. Young animals are fed with this mixture daily for 8 days.

The temperature regime must be observed. It shouldn't change. An ordinary thermometer is used for control.

With a mild course of the disease, small piglets are transferred to a special regimen. The diet is divided in half and fed in this way for 8 days. It is recommended to apply a one-day curative fasting. For the prevention of the disease, it is mandatory to comply with a number of measures:

• thorough cleaning of feeders from feed residues;
• mandatory rinsing with boiling water of all dishes used for feed;
• it is necessary to dry the feeders;
• it is important to be clean at all times. Manure must be removed from the premises daily.

To prevent a relapse of the disease, regular disinfection is necessary. Only a joint set of measures will help avoid this dangerous disease.

26/01/2016

Usually, a sick pig can be identified by the following signs:

• Can't eat or has no interest in food / water
• Breathing fast is a sign of fever
• In white pig breeds, the skin may turn reddish.
• The pig may have diarrhea, sometimes bloody or with blood clots
• Drooping or drooping ears
• Dull eyes
• Greasy bristles and leather
• Limp tail
• The pig keeps aloof from the rest

Worms are one of the most serious threats to pig production. There are over thirty varieties that affect the intestines of pigs. Of these, two are most common: intestinal roundworm and tapeworms (tapeworm).

Roundworms (roundworms)

Symptoms

• Anorexia in late stages
• State of anemia
• When the worms die after treatment, they can block the intestines and cause sudden death of the pig.

Prevention

Tapeworms

Finnosis (cysticercosis) of pigs is caused by tapeworms living in their muscles. They usually do not harm the pig very much, but they can lead to pain and possibly difficulty in walking. If a person eats undercooked or undercooked contaminated pork, tapeworms will develop inside them and can cause serious illness.

Symptoms

• Anorexia in late stages
• State of anemia
• Losing weight in later stages
• After treatment, dead worms can block the intestines, causing the pig to die suddenly

Prevention

• Medical control of feed is helpful and pens are clean and dry
• Rotate grazing and periodically disinfect pastures
• Separate young and adult pigs
• Wash sows before farrowing.
• Periodically deworming - with chemical or herbal preparations

Scabies

This disease is caused by small mites that live on the skin. They provoke severe itching and irritation. Itchy scabies (sarcoptic mange) of pigs is present today in all large countries where pig breeding is widespread. The lesions, or scabs, on the skin of animals can be anywhere on the body, but usually the first signs begin in the head, around the eyes, nose, or ears. Skin lesions can cause hyperkeratosis and exfoliation of the epidermis.

Symptoms

• The pig begins to scratch and scratch, rubs against the walls of the barn and other objects. Mainly the neck, skin between the legs, around the eyes and ears are affected
• The bristles are dull, bald patches are visible, heavy crusts, lines appear on the body that look like ribs
• The pig shows anxiety and constantly combes itself, until serious consequences
• Red pimples appear on the skin, they turn into crusts and scabs. Later, the skin looks very rough, thickened and covered with multi-layered scratches. The skin may have red spots or bite wounds
• In severe cases, especially in piglets, anemia
• In the worst cases, death

Prevention

• Wash the sow at least twice a week before farrowing
• Boars should be washed at least four times a year.
• Inspect gilts when moving to the farm and every time they are serviced
• If scabies is already a problem on the farm, wash all pigs at the start of feeding
• Feed your animals well and follow a health program to relieve the severity of scabies and prevent the spread of the disease. Recommended drugs are ivermectin (1% injection) or malathion (1% spray).
• Maintain overall cleanliness at all times

Treatment

Symptoms

• Red spots or bite wounds may be visible on the skin
• The pig's skin thickens, the hairline coarsens
• In severe cases, anemia, especially in piglets

Prevention

• General cleanliness
• Inspect piglets before transferring to feeding houses
• Examine gilts before first service
• Inspect boars twice a year
• Inspect new batches of pigs twice: immediately upon arrival and a week later

Treatment

• Highly effective remedy against lice - 0.1-0.25% solution of benzene hexachloride insecticide. The treatment must be repeated after 7 days, since the insecticide kills only adult insects, not eggs.
• Other effective method - Soak a piece of burlap in kerosene (some use waste engine oil or crude oil) and smear it thickly on a pig - kerosene kills both adult lice and nits, so no re-treatment is required.

Miases

These diseases are caused by flies that lay their eggs in wounds. The eggs hatch into larvae, they feed on the flesh of the animal, develop in it, pupate and separate in adulthood, creating more wound.

Symptoms

• Infected wounds appear very wet and dirty, and may be covered with a gray mass of fly eggs at the edges.
• Later in the wound, wriggling larvae in the form of pinkish worms can be observed.
• Pigs show irritation and look for something to scratch
• Death is probable

Prevention and treatment

• Clean the wound daily with water and disinfectants, then treat the wound and its edges with insecticide
• Use insecticides best long actingsuch as diazinon or supona
• It is very important to prevent scratching of wounds - walls and floors should be level
• Do not use sharp objects
• Avoid overcrowding to prevent pig fights
• For any even minor operations, such as tail docking and castration, the wounds must be properly treated, the umbilical cord disinfected

Deworming

Worm removers that are approved for use today are effective and safe when used as directed on the label. These include ivermectin, fenbendazole, levamisole, pyrantela, dichlorvos, and piperazine. When to use these substances, see the table:

Deworming should be carried out for all breeding animals before mating, for gilts and sows - during the prefeeding period, for piglets - in order to prevent infection with roundworms of intestinal acne (Strongyloides sp.). One or more times it is necessary to carry out deworming in weaners and growing pigs. Arrange specific strategic schedules with your veterinarian.

• Boars - every 6 months
• Sows - 2 weeks before farrowing and after weaning piglets
• Piglets - 1 week after weaning
• Fattening pigs - 1 week after weaning and three months later
• Gilts - 1 week after weaning, at 3 and 7 months of age, at least 2 weeks before maintenance

Prevention of lice, flies, scabies

• Clean sows using hexachlorane preparations (synonyms - lindane, or gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane)
• Treat the animal with insecticide four days before farrowing, before cleaning the pig
• Feed your animals properly and follow sanitary rules for keeping pigs to reduce the severity and spread of infestation
• Recommended drugs to prevent infection are ivermectin (1% injection) or malathion (1% spray)

Reproductive disorders and diseases

Extinction of sex drive and potency

When a pig does not go into heat

Prevention

• Improve nutrition, feed pigs with mineral-rich foods
• Deworm animals regularly
• Let the female stay with the boar

Treatment

Examine sows on the day of weaning, in very severe cases 3 weeks after weaning. Re-treatment does not make sense.

Leptospirosis

Symptoms

• Fever, anorexia, diarrhea, bloody urine, nervous symptomscaused by meningitis
• Abortion in the last trimester
• Weak piglets are born in sows infected during pregnancy
• Mummified and macerated fruits are common in the litter

Prevention and treatment

• Elimination of ticks, rats and other vectors
• Vaccination and hygiene
• Not all types of disease can be vaccinated and cannot prevent bloody urine
• Inspect all sows before serving, treat them with streptomycin
• Use antibiotics, especially streptomycin, for all ages

Brucellosis

Symptoms

• Anorexia, fever, paralysis of the pelvic limbs, sometimes lameness, early abortion (returns to estrus 5-8 weeks after service as a result of infection during service)
• Infection late in pregnancy results in litters with mummified fetuses, stillborn or weak piglets
• Vulvar bleeding and endometritis
• Retained placenta
• Boars usually develop orchitis (inflammation of one or both testicles) and epididymitis within seven days of infection
• Testicles swell and hurt, which can become permanent sterility

Prevention and treatment

• Prevention is based on hygiene measures and the acquisition of animals only from a safe herd
• Brucellosis is never treated with antibiotics
• No treatment or vaccination gives 100% effect. It is necessary to slaughter all animals, and introduce new ones no earlier than one month later

Prolapse of the uterus

Symptoms

• The appearance of the uterus outside the vulva.

Prevention and treatment

• It is often not possible to correct the prolapsed uterus, as it is very traumatic. The best treatment here is to amputate the whole uterus. However, 50% of animals will not survive this operation, so consider slaughtering the pig.

Mastitis

A bacterial infection causes inflammation of the breast and leads to changes in milk production. These bacteria get into open wounds in the udder.

Symptoms

• Swollen, hot and painful udders
• No or decreased milk production in the affected udder
• The sow refuses to feed the piglets. As a result, the piglets squeal from hunger.
• The sow is depressed, often prone to fevers

Prevention

• Provide adequate bedding
• Keep pig pen clean, dry and free of sharp objects, cut canine teeth from day old piglets

Treatment

• Massage the affected udder gently with warm water
• Prevent fry from sucking milk from an infected sow
• Drain milk from contaminated udders
• Separate sows with piglets, reduce access to teats (you can allow several piglets to suck at the same time
• If possible, give sick pigs to nursing sows
• Use antibiotics
• Inject penicillin-streptomycin into the thigh or neck muscles

Bacterial endometritis

Symptoms

• Cloudy discharge of a viscous or liquid consistency constantly comes from the vagina
• In the case of mastitis, fever and agalactia may occur (complete lack of milk after childbirth)

Prevention and treatment

• Antimicrobials are injected or inserted into the uterus using a siphon or catheter, oxytocin can be given once or twice a day to stimulate uterine contraction
• Hygiene

Diseases and Disorders digestive tract

Careful hygiene is essential to avoid or minimize digestive tract diseases. As a preventive measure, regular deworming is carried out. Roughage should be introduced into the diet gradually.

Diarrhea of \u200b\u200bnewborn piglets

Symptoms

• Acute diarrhea in piglets - watery, yellowish-gray, within a very short time due to dehydration, piglets become thin, with sunken eyes
• Death can occur within 2-3 days
• Piglet death can occur even during the day before you show signs of diarrhea

Prevention

• Keep pens, feed and drinkers clean
• Separate sick animals from healthy ones
• You can not drastically change the diet of the animal

Treatment

• Vaccination
• Drinking plenty of water with antibiotic solution

Necrotizing (clostridial) enteritis

Symptoms

• Acute hemorrhagic or necrotic bowel inflammation during the first and second weeks after birth
• In acute cases, diarrhea, watery, orange-red from blood, often bubbling
• Scraps of dead tissue can be found in later stages
• The piglets are weak and do not suckle. They turn pale and die within a few days.

Prevention and treatment

• Vaccination
• Ensure piglets have access to adequate volumes of colostrum within 36 hours of birth
• Keep pigs warm
• Purity
• Contact your veterinarian

Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis

Transmissible gastroenteritis is a common viral disease small intestinewhich causes vomiting and severe diarrhea in pigs of all ages. The disease spreads quickly. Piglets less than one week old rarely survive.

Symptoms

• Very high mortality, mainly among piglets under 14 days of age.
• Piglets frequent vomiting, serious greenish yellow watery diarrhea, dehydration
• Sows have grayish diarrhea, vomiting, abortions may occur
• Fattening pigs have the same symptoms as sows

Prevention and treatment

• Give the piglets glucose or electrolytes and keep the animals warm
• Antibiotics prevent secondary infection but do not provide treatment

Salmonellosis

Symptoms

• Fever, dullness, anorexia, weakness, nervous symptoms
• Bluish-red coloration of ears, limbs and mid-abdomen
• Bloody spots all over the body
• Persistent grayish diarrhea, sometimes mixed with blood and fragments of necrotic intestinal tissue

Prevention and treatment

• Routine pellet hygiene, thorough preparation of the swill
• Remove feed for two days, provide animals with clean water

Swine dysentery

The disease is known by various names - including bloody diarrhea and hemorrhagic enteritis. Affects pigs of all ages, sometimes causing death.

Symptoms

• In acute cases, emaciation and diarrhea with varying amounts of mucus, blood, and necrotic material
• Fever
• In chronic cases, pig feces are grayish or brownish, coarse hair, slow growth

Prevention

• Do not repopulate pens immediately vacated after infected animals
• Disinfect pens

Treatment

• Antibiotics and some herbal medicines can be used as directed by your doctor to relieve symptoms of diarrhea and slow dehydration

Alimentary dystrophy of piglets

Symptoms

• Development of edema, nervous signs
• Pallor, peculiar "raspy" voice
• General desynchronization of movements, loss of balance
• Sudden death

Prevention and treatment

• Affected piglets should be weaned from the sow and placed on a low calorie diet.
• Avoid stress
• Hygiene
• Include roughage in your diet

Respiratory diseases

Flu

Symptoms

• Apathy
• Anorexia
• High fever, coughing and sneezing, difficulty breathing
• Red eyes
• Loss of consciousness

Prevention and treatment

• Good room ventilation
• Vaccination
• No specific treatment available
• Antibiotics are used as directed by a veterinarian to prevent secondary infection

Pig pleuropneumonia

Symptoms

• In acute cases, anorexia, high fever, difficulty breathing, red or bluish discoloration of the ears, abdomen, legs, and tip of the tail
• Death within 4 to 6 hours of onset of clinical symptoms
• Blood clots and foam from the mouth or nose
• Abortion
• In chronic cases, anorexia, cough and growth inhibition

Prevention and treatment

• Vaccines only prevent mortality. Use antibiotics as directed by your veterinarian

Atrophic rhinitis (inflammation of the nose)

Symptoms

• Young pigs have sneezing
• Developmental delay or curvature of the upper jaw

Prevention and treatment

• Hygiene
• Use antibiotics as directed by your veterinarian

Pasteurellosis in pigs

Symptoms

• Cough
• Mouth breathing

Prevention and treatment

• Hygiene
• Use antibiotics as directed by your veterinarian

Porcine Reproductive Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS)

Symptoms

• Blue ears and forced breathing
• Lactating sows have coarse hair
• Gilts have problems with the onset of estrus and early toxicosis
• High mortality among weaners
• Boars have a high percentage of shapeless sperm, low sperm motility and decreased libido

Prevention and treatment

• Use antibiotics as directed by your veterinarian
• Vaccination helps, but it is so expensive that it cannot be cost effective

Diseases of the musculoskeletal system

Arthritis

Symptoms

• Inflammation of the joints
• Thickening and softness of joints.

Prevention and treatment

• Use antibiotics as directed by your veterinarian

Streptococcal infection in pigs

Symptoms

• Sepsis (blood poisoning), which can lead to immediate death
• Young pigs rarely recover
• Sudden death in old pigs
• Fever, nervous signs and arthritis mainly affects piglets and fattening pigs

Prevention and treatment

• Good hygiene
• Wash your sow before moving to the farrowing pen
• Use antibiotics as directed by your veterinarian

Exudative epidermis (parakeratosis) of pigs

Symptoms

• Brown greasy skin patches, flaking skin, non-itchy scabs, weight loss, death

Prevention and treatment

• Avoid pig fights by mixing pigs from different pens
• Cut your teeth, keep the litter soft
• Hygiene. Wash the sows before moving to the farrowing pen
• Use antibiotics as directed by your veterinarian

Eating disorders

Pig anemia

Symptoms

• Pale skin, weak piglets with a high respiratory rate
• Jaundice
• Feces with blood
• Early death

Control and treatment

• Give pigs iron injections, give oral iron in jelly or paste form
• Place wood ash in the pen. Although it does not provide pigs with iron, it does contain other important trace elements.

Other diseases

Foot and mouth disease

Foot and mouth disease is an acute, highly contagious viral disease of ungulates such as cattle, buffaloes, goats and pigs.

Symptoms

• The animal suddenly begins to limp heavily, has a fever, and bubbles form on the mucous membranes
• Bubbles can also be found where the pig's skin is thin: on the udder, nipples, anal area, on the eyelids. These bubbles break open within one day.
• Possible frothy saliva, anorexia, sometimes the hooves become loose and fall off
• Sows can have an abortion

Prevention and treatment

• Vaccination
• Quarantine
• Careful and correct preparation of feed
• Slaughter and burial

Classical swine fever

Symptoms

• Body lesions
• Before clinical signs appear - drop in body temperature
• Redness of the skin and ears
• Inconsistency of the hind limbs
• Constipation diarrhea, anorexia
• The animal dies the day after infection
• Death occurs in 95-100% of cases

Prevention and treatment

• Quarantine
• Boiling the liquor
• Restricting the movement of meat from areas unfavorable for this disease
• Vaccination
• Disinfection
• No cure

anthrax

Symptoms

• Swelling and swelling in the neck
• Shortness of breath (difficulty breathing)
• Fever, anorexia, bloody feces
• Sudden death

Prevention and treatment

• Antibiotic use (penicillin) as directed by your veterinarian
• Thorough disinfection of the farm
• Burning carcasses

Pig vaccination schedule

Name of the disease	Vaccine type	Frequency of vaccination	Duration of immunity	Remarks
anthrax	Live spore vaccine	Once a year	One season
Classical swine fever	Crystal Violet Vaccine	After weaning	One year
Foot and mouth disease	Polyvalent sorbed vaccine	At the age of six months, revaccinated after four months	One season	Repeat vaccination every year in October-November
Pig erysipelas	Alum vaccine	After weaning, revaccinated in 3-4 months	About a year
Tuberculosis	BCG vaccine	Around six months old	1-2 years	Repeat every 2-3 years

Important: do not use any medication 72 hours before slaughtering a pig for meat

Inflammation of the testicles is a relatively rare complication of mumps (mumps). Although mumps itself is considered a harmless disease, inflammation of the testicles can cause male infertility... However, this does not mean that every man who experiences such complications will be infertile.

In turn, even if this happens, the possibility of a successful cure remains. However, it is of great importance prevention mumps , first of all, vaccinations that will help to avoid this serious disease.

What is testicular inflammation with mumps

Mumps usually develops into childhood... It is caused by an RNA virus from the paramyxovirus family. The symptoms of mumps are fever, swelling of the salivary auricular gland, which is located at the bottom oral cavity under the tongue in front of the ear, on the outside of the cheek, above the jaw.

Mumps is most common in young children, although susceptible adults can also develop mumps. The older the patient, the more acute the course of the disease and the higher the risk of complications. Possible complications mumps is, in particular, pancreatitis, meningitis and inflammation of the testicles.

Inflammation of the testicles after mumps rarely occurs in children, however, appears in 20-30% of cases of mumps in boys during puberty. The inflammation usually covers only one testicle.

The complication is characterized by an acute inflammatory process pulp gland. Its consequence can be degeneration and atrophy of the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules, which contains sperm-forming cells. In more than 50% of men who have experienced testicular inflammation after mumps, the function of seminal production in the affected testicle is lost.

Testicular inflammation usually occurs 3-6 days after edema salivary glands... Symptoms of this complication include high temperature body, severe pain and swelling of the testicles. Treatment of post-parotitis testicular inflammation includes, first of all, the use of glucocorticoid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Inflammation of the testes in mumps and infertility

It is worth remembering that testicular inflammation in mumps does not mean infertility. Although this complication is likely, not every man will become infertile. It should also be remembered that infertility is a condition that can be cured.

The most common damage that forms during mumps in men is damage to the cells that produce sperm in the testes. This is manifested by a reduced number of semen in the ejaculate.

The prognosis for infertility is much worse when the inflammation spreads to both testicles. In this case, if the damage is irreversible, sperm production will not occur in the human body.

Recently, more and more men in the world suffer from mumps after 20 years. This is most likely the result of refusal to vaccinate against mumps.

In Russia mumps vaccination included in the compulsory vaccination calendar. At 13-14 months of age, the child is injected with the associated vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella; at the age of 10, the child receives an additional dose of the vaccine.

Pig breeding is certainly a profitable business, but also quite troublesome. Some knowledge, patience and attentiveness simply cannot be done without some knowledge. In particular, there are diseases that are a scourge for pigs, especially for young livestock, so farmers should not only be aware of the causes of their occurrence, but also have the skills to properly organize treatment. Swelling disease of piglets is one of the most serious ailments that can have a destructive effect on the farm. Piglet mortality can range from 20 to 100 percent!

Characteristics and symptoms of the disease

The emergence of this disease in animals is provoked by enteropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli, which, rapidly multiplying inside the body, poison it with the products of their vital activity.

This ailment is acute infectious disease, in which the central nervous system and digestive organs are primarily affected, and the organs and tissues of piglets become covered with edema.

First of all, 8-12 week old weaned piglets are infected. Oddly enough, more plump weaners get sick faster. Most often, the infection enters the farm during the warm season.

There are three forms of the disease:

• hyperacute;
• sharp;
• chronic.

In the first case, leaving completely healthy and frolicking piglets for the night in the pigsty, in the morning you can find more than a dozen carcasses.

The most common form of the disease is acute, which goes through several stages.

The chronic form occurs in the absence of proper treatment and affects older animals.

Swelling in piglets is characterized by the following symptoms:

• digestion is disturbed, constipation, vomiting, diarrhea occur;
• appetite decreases sharply;
• eyelids swell, eye slits narrow;
• there is a cyanosis of the integument of the skin, its sensitivity increases;
• coordination of movements is disturbed, convulsions, paresis, paralysis occur.

The onset of the disease can be called lightning-fast: the incubation period is less than 10 hours! IN initial stage of the disease, a temperature jump of more than 40 degrees occurs, which decreases after 5-7 hours. After that, the head of the animal begins to swell - the patch, forehead, eyelids, intermaxillary spaces. The animal loses its desire to eat, the above-mentioned disorders of the digestive tract, gait, hyperemia of the mucous membranes occur.

Following this, the nervous system is affected: the animals become agitated, their muscles begin to tremble, and their heads twitch. This period lasts about half an hour, after which the pigs fall into depression, their reaction disappears, and paralysis occurs.

The final stage is characterized by a weakening of cardiac activity, arrhythmia and the case ends in death within a few hours. Older and stronger individuals can last up to 5 days. Those piglets who miraculously manage to survive (this mainly happens with a chronic form of edema) subsequently grow and develop much worse than their fellow tribesmen.

It should also be noted that the disease can develop in both typical and atypical forms - with minor nervous disorders, diarrhea and weaker other manifestations of the disease.

Causes

The main cause of the disease is unsanitary conditions, contributing to the "violent activity" of E. coli.

At the same time, there are many additional factors that contribute to the development of the disease. Let's list the most significant of them:

• improper feeding of weaners. For example, animals are more likely to become infected due to a lack of vitamins B and calcium. In addition, high-protein food with concentrate feeding and an insufficient amount of fluid consumed contribute to the production of histamine in animals, which quickly finds a "common language" with pathogenic bacteria, leading to edema;
• violations metabolic processes in the body;
• low temperatures in the pigsty;
• insufficient walking;
• weaning too early from the sow;
• spread of infection from sick individuals;

Edema disease (colienterotoxemia) - acute infectious disease piglets, mainly weaners and characterized by damage to the central nervous system, digestive organs, the appearance of edema in various organs and tissues of the pig, impaired coordination of movements, convulsions, paresis, paralysis, congestive hyperemia of the skin of the patch, ears, extremities and abdomen.

Causative agent - enteropathogenic beta-hemolytic strains of Escherichia colithat produce B-hemolysin. E. coli is quite stable in the external environment, in water, soil, manure and livestock buildings it can be stored for 1-2 months, when heated to 76 degrees, E. coli is destroyed in 15-20 seconds. Conventional disinfectants destroy E. coli within minutes.

Epizootological data. It affects mainly piglets aged 8-12 weeks after weaning from sows... With an acute outbreak of the disease, there are isolated cases of illness and death in piglets - suckers and among fattening pigs. Moreover well-nourished piglets are more susceptible to edema disease... The disease usually appears on the farm suddenly, more often during the warm season and can be repeated on the farm for several years in a row, accompanied by high waste (from 20 to 100%).

The duration of the course of edematous disease on the farm depends on time and practiced on the farm weaning method piglets, as well as from feeding conditions in the pre- and post-weaning periods. Usually, we most often see an outbreak of edematous disease in farrowing period during the period weaning piglets from sows and it continues from 1 to 3 weeks.

Edema disease characterized by its sudden appearance among weaned piglets with the onset of symptoms swelling of the eyelids and paresis of the limbs leading to the death of piglets. Piglet disease with edematous disease mainly occurs with 7th to 20th day after weaning piglets from a sow. The disease continues 7-10days and stops as suddenly as it appeared.

Predisposes to the disease of piglets with edematous disease - concentrate feeding, early weaning of piglets from sows, lack of exercise, imbalance in the diet for trace elements.

In a pig farm source of infection hemolytic Escherichia coli are sows-carriers of bacteria and piglets obtained from them.

Pathogenesis. Edema disease develops as a result of rapid reproduction in the intestines of piglets of hemolytic E. coli, as a result of the developing acute intoxication of the body with bacterial and feed toxins formed in the intestines. Piglets develop vascular disorders due to acute heart failure, a decrease in blood albumin occurs, leading to a deterioration in the retention of water in the bloodstream and its release into the surrounding tissues, as a result of which edema appears in various organs and tissues of the pig.

Swelling of brain tissue causes the piglet nervous disordersthat manifest - convulsions, paralysis, ataxia, decreased sensitivity, etc.

Clinical signs. Incubation (latent) period in sick piglets, it is calculated in several hours (6-10 hours). A pigsty disease usually begins sharp.

The first clinical signs depending on the age of the piglets, they are manifested by a disorder of the function of the gastrointestinal tract in younger piglets, and in older piglets, by symptoms of damage to the nervous system. Most scientists are early signs the onset of edematous disease in piglets is the appearance of symptoms swelling of the eyelids and head... By the form of the course, edematous disease is usually distinguished as hyperacute, acute and chronic.

Hyperacute current edematous disease is characterized sudden death of piglets... The attendants in the group of weaning pigs, where the day before all the pigs were practically healthy and ate well, find the bodies of well-fed pigs in the pens in the morning of the next day. In the future, the attendant registers cases of sudden death of piglets during the day. This is roughly how the enzootic edematous disease begins on a pig farm or complex. Practically at the same time in cages piglets appear with symptoms of edema and disorders of the central nervous system.

Acute current - is the most common form of edematous disease in piglets. The disease begins with increase in body temperature up to 40.5-41o С and development nerve events... Piglets are especially pronounced swelling of the eyelids, gait becomes insecure, shaky, muscle tremors appear; sick piglets burrow into the litter; When examining such pigs, we note that they have arena movementsjoined by paralysis of the limbs... As a result of sharp sound stimuli, sick piglets shudder, until they appear epileptic seizures ... Cardiac activity is disturbed, tachycardia appears - up to 200 beats per minute. Breathing is quickened and difficult. As a result of weakening of cardiac activity in piglets before death, we note the development congestion (cyanosis of the patch, neck and abdominal region)... The ultimate cause of death of the piglet is asphyxia. Acute form edematous disease lasts from several hours to a day, mortality is from 90 to 100%.

Chronic course pigs have more older age groups, and in permanently dysfunctional piglets for edematous disease... Such sick piglets have a depressed state, weakened appetite, and there are cases of stagnation. Piglets who have had a chronic form sometimes recover themselves. Piglets who have had this form of edematous disease sometimes have complications in the form - lameness, curvature of the neck... Such piglets in the future lagging behind in development and growth.

Pathological changes... When piglets died from edematous disease, they have good fatness. In the area of \u200b\u200bthe patch, ears and lower abdomen, we find congestion. At autopsy, we find edema in the subcutaneous tissue of the eyelids, around the eyes, in the forehead, the base of the ears and the back of the head, in the organs abdominal cavity.

When opening the thoracic and pericardial cavities, we reveal increased amount straw color fibrin flake liquids... When the lungs are cut, a frothy liquid with an admixture of blood flows out. Under the pleura, epicardium and endocardium we find single punctate hemorrhages.

The abdominal cavity contains an increased amount of yellowish liquid with fibrin flakes, fibrin filaments are also found among the intestinal loops. Stomach wall, especially in the pyloric region thickened and edematous, up to 2-4 cm or more... The stomach is often full of dense, dry, crumbly food. Mesenteric vessels along their entire length injected and edematous... More strongly the mesentery is swollen between the loops of the colon - while gelatinous fluid completely covers the intestinal loops... The mucous membrane of the stomach and small intestine is swollen, sometimes hyperemic with hemorrhages. The mucous membrane of the large intestine is diffusely hyperemic with hemorrhages. More often, veterinarians register edema in animals that were forcedly killed.

Lymph nodes especially mesenteric lymph nodes are enlarged, edematous, juicy, on the cut are painted mosaic bright red, grainy. Lungs edematous, in a state of congestive hyperemia. Under the pleura hemorrhage... The heart is enlarged, under epicardial and endocardial hemorrhage... In the liver and kidneys, we note venous stasis, dystrophy.

Diagnosis... The diagnosis of edematous disease is based on disease-specific symptoms, and results laboratory research with emphasis beta hemolytic Escherichia coli.

Differential diagnosis... When diagnosing edematous disease of piglets, it is necessary to exclude , epizootic encephalomyelitis,, , , feed and salt poisoning, vitamin deficiencies and... Aujeszky's disease is characterized by disorders of nervous activity, high mortality and damage to suckling pigs. At pathometry, there is only pulmonary edema, in the absence of edema of the wall of the stomach and mesentery of the colon, in addition, when the piglets died from Aujeszky, in the liver, we find foci of necrosis the size of millet grain.

Enzootic encephalomyelitis, in addition to damage to the nervous system, is accompanied by vomiting with the release of viscous saliva from the oral cavity. In addition, due to paralysis of the bladder, bladder full of urine.

The final diagnosis on Aujeszky is made after bioassay on young cats and rabbits, and with enzootic encephalomyelitis - on piglets.

We exclude listeriosis by the result of the autopsy and by the absence in the liver, lymph nodes and the spleen of small, yellowish-whitish foci., mainly affecting suckling pigs and weaners. In a bacteriological study, we isolate the pathogen - listeria.

In the case of poisoning of piglets with table salt, during patvoprosis we find only inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract.

If piglets are poisoned with gossypol, piglets have signs of hemorrhagic gastroenteritis.

Immunity is not well understood. A hydroxyl aluminum formol vaccine of 9 strains of various serogroups of Escherichia coli has been proposed.

Treatment. The treatment of piglets with edematous disease should be started as early as possible, when the first signs of the disease appear (lethargy, refusal to feed, increased body temperature, the appearance of swelling and redness of the eyelids). In the pigsty we organize and conduct regular check-ups and thermometry piglets 5-8 days before weaning and in the first 10-15 days after weaning. All identified we separate sick pigs into separate pens, with abundant bedding, we form small groups in looms. Sick piglets for 8-12 hours appoint starvation diet, using laxative salts... To reduce intoxication, we give sulphate magnesia, 25-40 g per reception... In this case, the piglets should have free access to water... IN drinking water add 5-7% Glauber's salt... To free the intestines from feces containing endotoxins and microbial histamine, we make deep enemas. In the diet halve the rate of concentrates... Intramuscularly to sick piglets as an antihistamine, we introduce diphenhydramine in the form of a 1% solution 2-4 ml in the morning and in the evening... With the aim of decrease in porosity blood vessels we ask sick piglets inside 5-10% solution of calcium chloride in a tablespoon twice a day... Some veterinary specialists, instead of calcium chloride, intraperitoneally or intramuscularly inject 10% calcium gluconate solution at a dose of 15-20 ml, with the addition of 10 ml of 1% novocaine solution. To suppress the development of beta-hemolytic Escherichia coli inside sick piglets in the treatment of edematous disease antibiotics are used, including modern cephalosporins and sulfa drugs... Given the selective sensitivity of hemolytic Escherichia coli to antibiotics, before prescribing a course of antibiotic therapy, it is necessary to determine the sensitivity of the isolated E. coli culture to antibiotics... In some farms, they get good results from combination therapy - antibiotics with B vitamins (B1, B12 - intramuscularly 2 times a day.) Or with anti-stress drugs (chlorpromazine, diphenhydramine, prednisolone). Hexamethylenetetramine is prescribed to increase diuresis, reduce the activity of cell barriers and accelerate the release of toxic substances through the blood to sick piglets. (urotropin) in the form of a 40% solution 10ml 1-2 times a day intraperitoneally.

To restore a normal microbial landscape in the intestine and enhance the antagonist of E. coli - lactic acid microorganisms, we give sick piglets inside acidophilus broth culture, 50-60 ml three times a day.

We introduce seriously ill piglets heart medications (caffeine sodium benzoate under the skin - 1 ml of a 10% solution, cordiamine - 0.2-0.3 ml twice a day), with nervous phenomena (convulsions) subcutaneously or intramuscularly inject 0.5-1 ml of 30% solution of analgin.

Prevention and control measures... A successful fight against edematous disease of piglets on the farm will be effective only if the whole complex of zootechnical and veterinary measures is strictly followed. For these purposes, the farm specialists need to organize a full and varied feeding of sows and piglets, paying special attention to vitamin and mineral feeding. Driven to a pig herd diet necessary balance in protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals... Of great importance in prevention is timely training of suckling pigs beginning from 7-10th days of life for feeding. Pig farms use mixed feed for this purpose. SK-11-14... In small farms for suckling pigs from 10-15-day age we give mineral and vitamin supplements: chalk, bone meal, fish fat, grated carrots, yeast, hay flour, clover hay leaves, etc.

In order to prevent stressful influences of piglets from sows take away graduallyleaving them at the weaning site 10-15days and only after that they are transferred to another room for growing. Piglets are fed the same feed as before weaning from the sow. The temperature regime should be the same as in last days sucking period. In pig farms, usually during an outbreak of edematous disease in piglets, they resort to feeding various medications and their mixtures, transferring piglets to a certain feeding regimen. On large pig-breeding complexes, the following drug mixture is usually used: per 100 kg of feed, take 5 kg of sugar, 60 g of biomycin hydrochloric acid, 40 g of furozolidone, 200 g of sulfadimizin, 20 g of copper sulfate and 10 g of tilan. We feed this mixture daily for the first 8 days after weaning.

In mild cases diseases of piglets with edematous disease sometimes just translate piglets-weaners on a restrictive feeding regimen: within 5-8 days, piglets are transferred to feeding half the norm of feed, or we prescribe a starvation diet on the first day of weaning, followed by an increase in the ration to normal for 5-7 days. After each feeding of piglets, pigs should thoroughly clean the feeders and buckets from the remains of feed, rinse them with boiling water and dry them. We constantly maintain cleanliness in the pigsties, carrying out daily mechanical cleaning of the premises from manure.

Manure from pigsties should be fed for biothermal disinfection in a manure storage with its subsequent use as fertilizer. When the piglets are sick, we carry out the current disinfection in the pigsty at least once a week until the disease stops and the animals die. The following are used as disinfectants: 3% sodium hydroxide solution at a temperature of 60 degrees; a solution of bleach with an active chlorine content of at least 5%, a 20% aqueous suspension of freshly slaked lime; 4% formalin solution; 5% creolin solution. Recently, for high-quality disinfection of premises at the complexes, modern disinfectant VIROCID... Using this product on a pig-breeding complex, you will disinfect high level efficiency close to sterilization. This drug can be disinfected in several ways: aerosol, spray, foam generation, cold fog, fumigation.

Working concentration VIROCID: for wet disinfection, it is used 0.25-0.5% solution (flow rate 0.25-0.4 l / m2) when gassing 1 liter of VIROCID per 4 liters of water, the solution is sprayed per 1000 cubic meters... The working solution is neutral, so no further rinsing is required. If the farm specialists need to carry out disinfection in the presence of animals, it is necessary to first contact the specialists on this issue RABOS Intl LLC.

Before removing the restrictions on edematous disease of pigs, we carry out thorough mechanical cleaning and final disinfection with quality control of the disinfection performed.

In a farm dysfunctional due to edematous disease, we introduce restrictive measures, under the terms of which we prohibit the sale and transfer of pigs from a dysfunctional pigsty until 1 month after the last case of death of pigs from edema disease or on condition of recovery of all pigs.