Red spots on the child's hands do not itch. Red spots on the hands: symptoms and treatment
Surely, mothers, seeing signs of redness on the skin of a child, experience real panic. Some of them, without thinking about the consequences, first of all give the baby antihistamines. This is a wrong decision, because a child's red spots are a sign of dozens of completely different diseases, the treatment methods for which are very different from each other.
In the event that the first signs of redness appear on the baby's body, you need to go to the hospital for tests and a complete examination. There are a number of diseases that are accompanied by fever. But there are those whose symptoms do not include temperature. Diathesis. In many young children, delicate skin reacts to various external or internal stimuli with red inflammation on the face, neck and chest. This is a defense reaction of a small organism. 
In infants, such inflammations often occur if the nursing mother does not follow a diet. In addition, an internal factor, external stimuli may be present in the form of: an unsuitable diaper, sliders with a tight elastic band, underwear with coarse seams. The detergent for washing clothes and bathing must not be ignored. If the baby is bottle-fed, the cause of the onset of diathesis, which is manifested by the appearance of red areas, may be the formula used. Quite often, diathesis disappears after contact with the stimulus is eliminated. Prickly heat is red spots on the baby's skin, as well as in its folds and under the diaper. The most delicate skin under the diaper practically does not breathe, the sweat glands become clogged and the body reacts with a small rash and redness. There are often cases of prickly heat on the neck of babies. Sweat or saliva in babies, streams down the beard and neck, accumulates in folds and provokes irritation. In order to avoid such manifestations of a skin reaction, it is necessary to carefully monitor hygiene: change the diaper on time, wash the bottom after each change and thoroughly blot the skin with a soft towel. 
Do not allow the baby to overheat. Dress it according to the weather, without giving you the opportunity to sweat under your clothes. Leeshai. There are several types of lichens that affect the skin and provoke the appearance of red areas: ringworm, pink and multi-colored multi-colored.
- Shearing. After combing, the inflamed area peels off, skin flakes peel off from it. You cannot ignore ringworm, which causes great discomfort to the little man and without treatment can cover the entire baby from the crown to the toes.
- Pink. Most often appears in children with weak immunity. The affected areas are large, itchy and may appear all over the body. To relieve itching and relieve the condition, doctors recommend using hormonal ointments and antihistamines. to distinguish the signs of pink lichen from allergies, tests and a full examination by a doctor will help.
- In cases with tinea versicolor, the baby's skin redness will be brown. After healing, the reddened area becomes slightly lighter than the color of the whole body. For treatment multicolored lichenuse antifungal medications.
Allergic reactions
Allergies often appear as red spots on the body. This is a kind of SOS signal that the body sends to parents. Seemingly harmless, irritated places can cause a lot of trouble. The "first bell" can subsequently be accompanied by a runny nose, sneezing, lacrimation, and in severe cases, rather severe complications are possible in the form of Quincke's edema or anaphylactic reaction. Contact dermatitis appears only in those places that have been in contact with the allergen. Most often it is chemical substanceswith which the "kid" was in contact: paints and varnishes, some ointments and creams, detergents.Please note that the reaction of the child's body may appear even after 1-2 days, after contact with the allergen.Redness of the skin in a child caused by allergies should be examined by a qualified doctor who will make the correct diagnosis and prescribe the necessary treatment. Before consulting and examining a doctor, children are not allowed to give any medications. The only thing that parents can do is to exclude possible irritants from the baby's diet and give him plenty of clean water to drink.
Insect bites
Red spots on a baby's skin can result from insect bites. As a rule, insect bite marks left on the delicate skin of children look like a small red speck. In some cases, there may be swelling and hardening. Since the affected areas are itchy enough, the baby “willy-nilly” combs them, increasing their size, injuring the surface and risking various infections. There are a huge number of insects “wishing” to harm the little man: from mosquitoes and midges, to bees, ticks and caterpillars. The main thing that parents should do before going outside (although they can bite in the house) is to take safety measures and treat skin and clothes. In modern stores, there is a huge selection of all kinds of insect repellents. Parents need to be as careful as possible and buy a drug intended for children. There are folk ways, to protect babies from the attack of insects, these are strong smells that are safe for the child's body, for example, lavender, tea tree, mint or lemon oil.
If an insect bite could not be avoided, it is necessary to relieve itching, swelling and inflammation by lubricating the places: - a solution of water and alcohol in a 1: 1 ratio,
- antiallergic ointments,
- zinc ointment
- vinegar
- a little star tincture of calendula,
- ointment Bepanten,
- balm Lifeguard,
- ointments Hydrocartizone or Sinaflan (from two years old).
Chickenpox or chicken pox
it infection, with characteristic symptoms:- weakness,
- elevated temperature,
- small round spots on the skin, which become convex after a short time, with liquid inside.
Rubella
Rubella is a viral disease that occurs most commonly in children. If red red spots appear on the child's body, headache and sore throat, low temperature and enlarged lymph nodes - it means the disease is present! Red patches are formed from small rashthat does not itch and disappears after a week without leaving any marks. The second name is exanthema, it can appear in children who have not reached the age of two years. Distinctive feature the disease is a very high temperature, which lasts for several days. After falling, the child has red spots all over the body. In some cases, the spots are pink and disappear completely after 4-5 days.
Treatment of red spots
Naturally, spots on a child's body bother many mothers, and they are looking for ways to effectively and permanently get rid of them. notethat there are many reasons for the appearance of spots on the body in children, and only a qualified doctor can determine them. Before consulting with him, parents should not make any decisions on their own, just in case, exclude contact with possible allergens and give the patient clean water to drink.Prevention
In order to prevent the appearance of spots in the baby, parents should take a responsible attitude to his diet, excluding from the diet foods that can cause allergic reactions. Each little person is individual and parents need to find out what exactly causes the body's reaction.
Overheating of a small organism should not be allowed. Children should be dressed according to weather conditions, given their activity. The quality of clothes is very important, synthetic things of poor quality are not the best option for children. No contact allowed healthy baby with sick children, many diseases are transmitted through contact. Having found out which of the children, for example on the playground, is sick, you need to take your own as soon as possible. This is not to say that prevention can 100% save you from the disease, but it is worth trying, and God willing, your children will not get sick! Red dry spots on various parts of the baby's body can scare any parent. Pediatricians believe that in most cases there is no cause for concern, since scaly skin areas are often not a sign of pathology and are easily eliminated without consequences for children's health. Despite this, if a newborn baby or an older child develops rough red or discolored rough spots on the thighs, buttocks, face, head, arms or legs, you should immediately show your baby to a doctor.
Diathesis (exudative and allergic) in a child
In newborns and infants, flaky skin on the face, tummy, butt, back, arms and legs often appear due to diathesis. Contrary to popular misconception, this is not a disease. This is nothing more than a constitutional anomaly. In pediatrics, this term means a hereditary predisposition of the body to the appearance of certain pathological reactions or diseases. The table shows the characteristics of the types of this phenomenon.
| Diathesis type | Causes of occurrence | Symptoms |
| Exudative |
| First, spots appear on the head in the form of seborrheic scales - gneiss. After that, diaper rash begins to appear on the body, which are very difficult to treat. Then, red spots with a rough surface form on the baby's cheeks. |
| Allergic |
| Flaky reddish areas of skin appear on the child's face (on the cheeks, above the lip, on the forehead), arms, legs, abdomen, back, butt. |
Red spots: skin irritation (dermatitis) and eczema
Dermatitis and its more severe form, eczema, can also cause this problem in one-year-olds and older children. In this case, flaky skin areas can appear on the baby's forehead, cheeks, above the lip, on the elbows, knees, feet, wrists. Detailed characteristics these types of dermatological diseases are listed in the table.
| Skin lesions | Reasons for the appearance | Symptoms |
| Dermatitis | Exogenous:
Endogenous:
| Dry, round spots with clear boundaries, which immediately turn red, itchy and sore. Most often they occur on the hands, but they often affect the soles of the feet if the child walks barefoot. |
| Eczema |
| Dry reddening rashes have vague boundaries and most often affect the forehead, the area above the lip, and cheeks. As the situation worsens, spots that itch and itch begin to spread to the elbows, knees, feet and other areas. |
Lichens of different types
White, pink, or red spots with a dry crust on a child's body may be shingles. They are pityriasis, pink, scaly, white. The types of this skin disease differ in the causes of the appearance, the severity of the course, as well as in color, shape and size. Placed below detailed descriptions each variety of lichen with a photo.
Pityriasis versicolor
The development of this disease is provoked by yeast-like fungi. Factors affecting the appearance of this type of lichen:
- stay in countries with hot climates (hence another name for the disease - "solar fungus");
- close, close and long-term communication with an infected person;
- weakening of immunity;
- overuse of antibacterial skin care products;
- excessive sweating;
- disruption of the endocrine system.
Dry spots appear on the child's body, the structure of which resembles bran. As a rule, small specks with clear outlines are localized in the upper body: on the shoulders, neck, elbows, chest, armpits, back and abdomen. They are often dark, reddish brown in color. The affected areas do not tan, so they look light against the background of healthy tanned skin.
Lichen pink
The causative agent of this infectious-allergic skin disease is currently unknown. Children over 10 years of age are most often infected with it. Favorable conditions for the appearance of pink lichen, which does not belong to contagious diseases, infections and a decrease in the body's defenses are considered.
The disease begins with the appearance in the child of the so-called maternal plaque - a single nodular formation of a pinkish tint. The apical part of the papule, the diameter of which reaches 2 cm or more, turns yellow over time. Acquiring a rough surface, it begins to peel off.
Usually 2-3 days after the appearance of the first nodule on the child's trunk, arms and legs, multiple 0.5-1-centimeter pink oval specks appear. Then, in the center of the spots, subtle flakes-folds appear. This type of lichen does not require specific treatment and goes away on its own within a month.
Scaly (psoriasis)
So chronic non-communicable disease Presumably of autoimmune origin, young children are very rarely sick. Children over 15 years old are most susceptible to infection. The disease is characterized by the formation of red convex spots with a dry surface, which, merging, form extensive areas of skin elements - psoriatic plaques.
Excessive proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes in them, as well as macrophage and lymphocytic infiltration of the skin, lead to thickening of the affected areas of the skin. As a result, they begin to rise above the surface of a healthy epidermis and acquire a light, gray or silver hue.
Initially, psoriasis usually affects those areas of the trunk that are often subjected to friction and squeezing - the extensor surface of the elbow, knee and gluteal folds. The disease can also spread to the palms, scalp, feet, and external genitals. There are frequent cases when the disease affects the nail plates on the legs and arms (psoriatic onychodystrophy).
Lichen
The causes of white, or lichen simplex, are still not fully understood. However, there is an opinion that the yeast-like malassezia mushroom acts as a provoking factor.
The risk group for this type of skin disease includes:
- owners of dark skin color;
- persons suffering from allergies and autoimmune pathologies;
- children under 10 years old, including newborn babies;
- adolescents who are in puberty.
The disease is characterized by the appearance of depigmented skin areas on the lateral surface of the shoulders, arms, thighs, as well as in the area around the eyes, mouth, ears, nose, anus. Most often, white peeling spots, the size of which reaches 4 cm or more, appear in children in summer and spring. In most cases, lichen simplex does not need to be treated; over time, it goes away on its own.
Rough sores are a sign of helminthic invasion
- deterioration or complete loss of appetite;
- weight loss;
- rapid fatigue;
- weakness;
- painful sensations in the navel.
Roseola pink
This infectious disease, the causative agents of which belong to the group of human herpes viruses of types 6 and 7, is mainly diagnosed in babies under 2 years of age. The disease is transmitted by airborne droplets. The peak incidence occurs in the spring and early summer season.
Infection begins with a sharp rise in body temperature to 39-40 degrees. Hyperthermic syndrome, persisting for 3-5 days, proceeds without any additional symptoms.
After normalization of body temperature during the day, small rashes of a pinkish hue appear on the child's body. At the same time, the baby does not experience painful sensations. He is still active. In most cases, the rash goes away on its own after 4-7 days.
Uncontrolled or improper use of drugs can significantly aggravate the problem and provoke the development of severe, and sometimes life-threatening complications for the child.
An urgent visit to the doctor is required when, in addition to skin rashes, the following symptoms are present:
- chest pain;
- fainting and delusional state;
- breathing disorder;
- an increase in body temperature to high levels, which cannot be brought down on your own;
- runny nose;
- signs of anaphylactic shock.
Rash! With or without fever, small and large, itchy and not very, "bubbles"; or "plaques" - she always scares parents equally, because sometimes it is not easy to find the cause of "rashes". Suddenly covered with red spots, the child himself resembles a revived monster, and turns the life of the parents into a horror movie. No need to be afraid, you need to be treated!
Chickenpox, or chickenpox
Causative agent: varicella-zoster virus (VZV).
Transfer method: airborne. It is transmitted from a sick person to a healthy person when talking, coughing, sneezing.
Chickenpox Immunity: life. It is produced either as a result of an illness or after vaccination. In children whose mothers were sick or were vaccinated against it, immunity to chickenpox is transmitted from the mother in utero and persists for the first 6-12 months of life.
Incubation period: from 10 to 23 days.
Contagious period: the entire period of the rash +5 days after the last rash.
Manifestations: red dots appear at the same time as the temperature rises. However, sometimes the temperature can remain normal or rise slightly. The spots very quickly turn into single vesicle vesicles filled with a clear yellowish liquid. They soon dry out and become crusted. Distinctive feature chickenpox - a rash on the head under the hair and on mucous membranes (in the mouth on the eyelid, etc.). Very often, this rash itches.
Treatment: chickenpox passes on its own, therefore, treatment can only be symptomatic: bring down the temperature, treat the itchy rash with brilliant green (so that, while combing the bubbles, the child does not bring in an additional infection there), give an antihistamine so that itching less. You can swim with chickenpox! But at the same time, you cannot rub the affected areas - instead, you need to gently blot them with a towel.
Important: it is also necessary to use brilliant green or other dyes (fukortsin, etc.) in order not to miss the next rashes - after all, only old spots will be smeared. It is also easier to track the appearance of the last focus of the rash.
Herpes simplex
Causative agent: simple virus. There are two types: the herpes simplex virus type I causes a rash in the mouth, type II - in the genitals and anus.
Transfer method: airborne and contact (kisses, common household items, etc.).
Immunity: is not produced, the disease proceeds with periodic exacerbations against the background of stress or other infections (ARVI, etc.).
Incubation period: 4-6 days.
Contagious period: all the time rashes.
Manifestations: Itching and soreness may occur several days before the rash appears. Then a group of closely spaced bubbles will appear in this place. The temperature rarely rises.
Treatment: special antiviral ointments, for example with acyclovir, etc.
Important: use the ointment immediately after itching and soreness, even before the bubbles appear. In this case, the rash may not occur at all.
Hand-foot-mouth syndrome
(from the English name Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease, HFMD), or enteroviral vesicular stomatitis with exanthema.
Causative agent: enteroviruses.
Transfer method: fecal-oral and airborne. The virus is transmitted from person to person through communication, conversation, the use of common household items (dishes, toys, bed, etc.).
Immunity:
Incubation period: from 2 days to 3 weeks, on average - about 7 days. Infectious period: from the onset of the disease.
Manifestations: first, the temperature rises and stomatitis begins: rashes on the oral mucosa, pain when eating, profuse salivation. The temperature lasts 3-5 days, diarrhea is often noted against its background, in some cases a runny nose and cough appear. On the second or third day of illness, a rash appears in the form of single blisters or small spots. The name of the disease comes from the location of the rash: it is located on the hands, feet and around the mouth. The rash lasts 3-7 days, after which it disappears without a trace.
Treatment: there is no specific treatment, symptomatic agents are used to lower the temperature and relieve pain in stomatitis. The disease goes away on its own, complications are possible only if a bacterial or fungal infection in the oral cavity is attached.
Diagnose enteroviral vesicular stomatitis not easy because The rash does not appear immediately and is very often regarded as a manifestation of an allergy.
Important: Despite the active use of various pain relievers in the treatment of stomatitis, the first few days for a child can be very painful to eat. In such cases, it is good to use the most liquid food (milk, fermented milk products, milkshakes, children food for babies, soups, etc.) and give it through a straw. Be sure to keep an eye on the temperature of the food: it should be neither cold nor too hot - only warm.
Roseola
(sudden exanthema, sixth illness)
Causative agent: another representative of the glorious herpesvirus family is the herpesvirus type 6.
Transfer method: airborne. The infection spreads through talking, chatting, sneezing, etc.
Immunity: after an illness - lifelong. Children under 4 months of age have immunity received in utero from their mother. Incubation period: 3-7 days.
Contagious period: all the time of the disease.
Manifestations: a sudden rise in temperature and after 3-5 days its spontaneous decrease. Simultaneously with the normalization of the temperature, a pink, small and medium-sized rash appears. It is located mainly on the body and, as a rule, does not cause itching. It passes by itself after 5 days.
Treatment: only symptomatic therapy - drinking plenty of fluids, lowering the temperature, etc.
The herpes virus is exacerbated by stress or infections, such as SARS.
The disease goes away on its own, there are practically no complications.
Roseola is often called pseudo-rubella, because the skin manifestations of these diseases are very similar. A distinctive feature of roseola is the appearance of rashes after a drop in temperature.
Important: as in the case of enteroviral stomatitis, a rash that does not appear on the first day of illness is often regarded as allergic.Sometimes it is really difficult to distinguish them, but an allergic rash, as a rule, itches quite a lot, with roseola there should be no itching.
Rubella
Causative agent: rubella virus
Transfer method: airborne. The virus is transmitted through communication, coughing, talking.
Immunity: life. It is produced either after illness or after vaccination. Children whose mothers were sick with rubella or were vaccinated against rubella, immunity to rubella is transmitted in utero and remains the first 6-12 months of life.
Incubation period: from 11 to 24 days.
Contagious period: from the 7th day from infection to the complete disappearance of the rash + 4 more days.
Manifestations: the temperature rises. A small, pale pink, non-itchy rash appears on the face, limbs, trunk, and at the same time the posterior cervical lymph nodes enlarge. The temperature lasts no more than 2-3 days, and the rash disappears on the 2-7th day from the onset.
Treatment: only symptomatic therapy: drinking plenty of fluids, lowering the temperature if necessary, etc. Children tolerate the disease easily, but adults often have complications. Rubella is especially dangerous in the first trimester of pregnancy: the virus crosses the placenta and causes congenital rubella in the child, as a result of which the newborn may have deafness, cataracts, or. Therefore, everyone, especially girls, is strongly advised to take a course of vaccination against this disease.
Measles
Causative agent: measles virus (Polinosa morbillarum)
Transfer method: airborne. An unusually contagious and very volatile measles virus can not only be transmitted through direct contact with a sick person, but, for example, spread through ventilation pipes, infecting people in neighboring apartments.
Immunity: life. It is produced either after illness or after vaccination. Children whose mothers have had measles or have been vaccinated against it, immunity to measles is transmitted in utero and lasts the first 6-12 months of life.
Incubation period: 9-21 days.
Contagious period: From two last days the incubation period up to the 5th day of the rash /
Manifestations: fever, cough, hoarseness,. On the 3-5th day of illness, bright, large sometimes merging spots appear on the face, while the temperature remains. On the 2nd day, the rash appears on the trunk, on the 3rd day - on the limbs. Approximately on the fourth day after the onset of the rash, they begin to fade in the same order as they appeared.
Treatment: symptomatic therapy: drinking plenty of fluids, a darkened room (because conjunctivitis is accompanied by photophobia), antipyretic. Children under 6 are prescribed antibiotics to prevent adherence bacterial infection... Thanks to vaccination, measles is now a fairly rare disease.
Infectious erytherma, or the fifth disease
Causative agent: parvovirus B19
Transfer method: airborne. Most often, the infection occurs in children in organized child groups - nurseries, kindergartens and schools.
Immunity: after an illness - lifelong.
Incubation period: 6-14 days.
Contagious period: incubation period + the entire period of the disease.
Manifestations: it all starts like an ordinary ARVI. Within 7-10 days, the child feels some discomfort (sore throat, a slight runny nose, headache), but as soon as he "recovers", as against the background of complete health, without any rise in temperature, a red, merging rash appears on the cheeks, most reminiscent of slap mark. At the same time, or after a few days, rashes appear on the trunk and limbs, which form "garlands" on the skin, but do not itch. The red color of the rash quickly changes to a bluish red. Over the next two to three weeks, the temperature is kept low, and the rash appears and disappears, depending on physical activity, air temperature, contact with water, etc.
Treatment: there is no specific treatment, only symptomatic therapy. The disease goes away on its own, complications are extremely rare.
Scarlet fever
Causative agent: group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus.
Transfer method: airborne. The pathogen is transmitted by talking, coughing, using common household items (dishes, toys, etc.).
Immunity: after an illness - lifelong.
Incubation period: 1-7 days.
Contagious period: first few days of illness.
Manifestations: the disease begins in the same way as a common sore throat (sore throat, fever). The rashes characteristic of scarlet fever appear on the 1-3rd day from the onset of the disease. The rash is small, bright pink, located mainly on the cheeks, in the groin and on the sides of the body and passes after 3-7 days. The nasolabial triangle remains pale and free of rashes - a hallmark of scarlet fever. After the disappearance of the rash on the palms and feet, the skin begins to actively peel off.
Treatment: antibiotics only wide range actions. It is very important to start treatment as early as possible because can provoke the development of such autoimmune diseaseslike rheumatism, glomerulonephritis, autoimmune brain damage.
Sometimes the disease proceeds in a worn-out form, without a pronounced increase in temperature, sore throat and rash. In such cases, parents only notice the sudden onset of peeling on the palms. If this happens, it is imperative to consult a doctor.
Important: since scarlet fever can provoke the development of serious autoimmune diseases, then for early diagnosis possible complications doctors recommend doing blood and urine tests. The first time they are taken during illness, and then repeated two weeks after recovery, then it is recommended to do an electrocardiogram.
Educational program
The incubation period is the period when the infection has already occurred, but the disease has not yet developed.
The contagious period is the time when a sick person can infect others.
It is customary to distinguish six "primary" diseases with a rash: the first disease is measles, the second disease is scarlet fever, the third disease is rubella, the fourth disease is infectious mononucleosis, the fifth disease is infectious erythema, the sixth disease is childhood (sudden exanthema).
Shulamith Wolfson, pediatrician,
employee of the Nutrition Clinic of the Research Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences
For parents, the baby's health always comes first. When dermatological problems arise, adults start sounding the alarm. Small red spots can be triggered by various factors that are the result of various diseases.
Underlying causes of red spots in children
The causes of the problem are quite diverse.
There are several main symptoms of red spots:
- Allergic reaction;
- Prickly heat;
- Chickenpox;
- Rubella;
- Scarlet fever;
- Measles;
- Hives;
- The exanthema is sudden.
The most common cause of red spots in children is an allergic reaction.
With allergies, the baby's skin becomes covered with red spots. Allergies can be triggered by food, various mixtures, wearing synthetic clothing, toys, and medicines. Parents should be aware that late access to a doctor can lead to anaphylactic shock.
Prickly heat
Red circles without health problems appear in connection with prickly heat. As a rule, it occurs during the summer period. It is common for children to sweat a lot, especially in a newborn baby. If you do not pay special attention to the baby's skin, prickly heat will worsen. It is important to apply good quality powders and thoroughly wash the newborn after exposure to sunlight.
Chickenpox
Chickenpox in babies is a common ailment. This is an infectious disease in which red dots and blisters appear on the skin. The disease is accompanied by itching. The spots are localized between the fingers, in the armpits and on the inside of the cheeks.
Scarlet fever
An infectious disease that most often occurs due to improper hand hygiene, non-sterile clothing and toys. The main symptoms of the disease are pink spots on the skin in the area of \u200b\u200bthe nasolabial folds. Some children may have a sore throat.
Rubella
Pathology appears suddenly, the formation of red spots on the back, chest and face is noted. With rubella, there is no rise in temperature.
Measles
Dry red spots are common in diseases like measles. At the initial stage of the disease, the baby is worried about a runny nose, fever, and after a few days spots of an irregular brownish shade appear. This pathology lasts about 2 weeks.
Hives
Hives are characterized by the appearance of red dots. Small blisters are accompanied by itching. Doctors say that this ailment is a consequence allergic reaction... As a rule, the symptoms of pathology disappear without the use of drugs.
This pathology is accompanied by red spots in the area of \u200b\u200bthe body where the sweat glands work most actively. Pityriasis rosea can occur with fever and swollen lymph nodes.
Exanthema sudden
This disease represents a serious threat for the health of the child. Viral infectionthat overtakes children under the age of 3. initial stage ailment - high fever, irritation meninges... After a few days, the temperature drops, and redness and papules appear on the body. The rash is more concentrated on the trunk and neck.
In addition to the diseases described, there are also other reasons that provoke the appearance of red dots on the body:
- Insect bites;
- Poor personal hygiene
- Diseases of blood vessels and blood;
- Pathology of the digestive tract;
- Nervous tension.
Red spots on the skin of newborns
Often, the skin of the baby's head becomes covered with dry crusts, affecting which, you can notice the appearance of red dots. Experts call such crusts milky. Provided with proper hygiene this problem disappears by itself.
2 days after birth, the baby may have bubbles. After a while, they burst and disappear. This problem most often overtakes a premature baby. In newborn babies, the skin often suffers from prickly heat and overheating of the body.
If a baby who is breastfeeding is faced with a rash, a nursing mother should reconsider her diet. Due to the fact that stains can indicate the presence of allergies, it is worth considering the advisability of using artificial mixtures.
How to treat red spots in a baby?
Before dealing with such a problem, you need to know the cause of the appearance of the points. If these are manifestations of an allergic reaction, a specialist prescribes antihistamines. In addition, it is important to observe the nutrition of the baby, to eliminate foods that cause allergies.
It is very important that the clothes for the newborn are made from quality materials. To wash children's clothes, you need to use hypoallergenic powders or regular soap. When proper care after the baby, the rashes disappear on their own.
When the spots are caused by infectious diseases, the baby needs to be isolated. It is recommended to give the baby a plentiful drink, include vitamins in the diet. The points on the child's skin are treated using local remedies. For example, with chickenpox, rashes are smeared with brilliant green or a solution of potassium permanganate. Children suffer the disease easily, acquiring lifelong immunity to such viruses.
If a rash on the skin provokes prickly heat, the baby should be bathed as often as possible.
It is useful to use special powders to keep the baby's skin clean and dry. Parents should keep their baby hygienic regularly and avoid excessive sweating.
Prevention of red spots in a child
Prevention of red spots on the face and body of children is quite simple. The first and foremost rule is proper skin hygiene. Cleansing the baby's skin should be done with special meanswhich are sold at the pharmacy. You can cleanse the dermis of pathogenic microbes and protect the delicate skin of the newborn.
In addition to pharmacy products, you can use folk remedies... For example, use a decoction of chamomile or string for bathing, and use ordinary starch instead of powder.
Avoiding spots on the baby's skin will help proper nutrition... It is necessary to exclude fatty, smoked and spicy foods from the diet. As a rule, it is such food that provokes allergic reactions. The menu should include fruits, dairy products, vegetables.
Every parent will be scared by red spots on the child's body, and especially those accompanied by high fever, itching and other symptoms. The most likely causes of the appearance are allergies or skin reactions to pest bites. However, there are a number of other factors that can provoke an illness. You need to know what a rash looks like with different pathologies and how to help the baby.
Classification of stains and probable causes of their appearance
Experts divide the morphological signs of the rash into primary and secondary. This measure allows you to quickly establish an accurate diagnosis and select effective scheme treatment. Types of skin rashes related to the primary signs:
- Spots. As a rule, these are small round redness on the dermis, which does not differ in structure from healthy areas. They may not be accompanied by itching, but more often itch and flake.
- Blisters. Eruptions on the back and other parts of the body, with edema, hollow inside. They give the child discomfort, but after healing they do not leave scars.
- Bubbles. Small elastic formations that appear on different parts of the body. Features of bubbles on the skin - the presence of fluid inside, itching and burning.
- Pustules (abscesses). They look like bubbles, but inside are filled with pus. If the pustule is opened, then a noticeable trace will remain after recovery.
- Papules. Hard or soft inflammation of the skin of the body, sometimes coalescing into more plaque. Often, children comb them and infect them.
- Hillocks. A dense and rather large formation in the deep layers of the dermis (resembles a subcutaneous pimple), characterized by different shades and pain when pressed. It is impossible to squeeze out or open, touching brings severe discomfort.
Often, some time after the appearance of red spots on the body, secondary signs appear. This usually takes from several hours to 2-4 days. They include the formation of crusts, cracks, blood ulcers, erosions and scales on the surface of the skin.
The most likely causes of the development of rashes in newborns and older children:
- allergies caused by food household chemicals, pollen of plants, dust, animal hair;
- insect bites and the body's reaction to their poison;
- infectious pathologies, which include the herpes virus, measles, scarlet fever, rubella;
- skin diseases are different types of lichen, dermatitis on the face of an infant and more.
There are many reasons for the spread of the rash all over the body or in parts. Pay attention to the place where red spots appear on the body. For example, an allergic rash in children for powder is more often localized on the back, arms or legs, and on food - on the face, chest and back. Infectious rashes cover large areas, sometimes even red dots in the throat are noticeable.
Allergic reaction
A negative reaction to a stimulus often worries babies. The introduction of complementary foods, breast milk, washing powder, cold or heat can all cause red spots on the baby's body. It is subdivided into several types: reaction to food, dermatitis, urticaria, toxidermia and photodermatosis.
Food allergy
Food allergies occur much more often than others. Most of the products in the store contain hazardous substances (dyes, fragrances). They are harmful even for adults, not to mention the fragile children's body... Allergic skin rashes can also occur in babies if the mother does not follow a special diet. Experts recommend eating right and switching to artificial feeding as late as possible.
Highly allergenic foods include eggs, chocolate, honey, tangerines, oranges and lemons, mushrooms, strawberries, currants. However, in one child, such food is well absorbed, while in another it easily provokes diathesis on the face. This may be facilitated by the presence of chronic and viral diseases, as well as intestinal dysbiosis and weak immunity.
Dermatitis
The ailment is referred to as a dermatological allergy, in which the child is worried about scaly spots on the body, pain and itching. If you start the disease, then the allergy on the hands in the form of red spots turns into large blisters that spread to the whole body. Over time, they increase in size, burst, leaving behind weeping ulcers and suppuration.
Hives
Another type of dermatological allergy, however, it has different symptoms. With this disease, small red blisters appear on the body with a clear outline. You may notice that the spots rise a few millimeters above healthy skin.
Urticaria has the ability to become chronic and disturb periodically throughout life, so it is important to treat it. In addition, the chronic type often accompanies people with gastrointestinal diseases and leukemia.
Photodermatosis
One of the most rare species an allergic reaction to sunlight. According to experts, children under three years old suffer from the disease. Factors that cause red bulging spots on the body are:
- viral infections;
- heredity to allergies;
- the presence of chronic diseases;
- long-term use of antibiotics.
Shows body allergies in the form of pinkish plaques some time after exposure to the sun. In addition, the child suffers from watery eyes, swelling of the face or other exposed areas of the body.
Toxidermia or toxicoderma
The most severe body-wide allergy in a child, causing inflammatory processes on skin and mucous membranes. Toxidermia includes several types, but more often it is food and medication. Symptoms directly depend on the severity and duration of contact with the irritant.
Usually, first there is severe itching and red spots on the body, then papules form on the itchy areas. There are signs of general intoxication of the body: high fever and rash, nausea or vomiting, weakness, chills. In severe cases, Quincke's edema develops, which can be fatal.
Insect bites
Almost always, bites of various insects (wasps, mosquitoes, fleas, ticks) are accompanied by specks. In the first minutes or hours after contact with the pest, the blisters on the child's body itch and hurt, but gradually all unpleasant symptoms disappear. The difference from allergies is single redness on the skin only in those places where the insect has bitten.
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If it is known for sure that the child has been bitten by a mosquito or bee, then there is no need to see a doctor. As a rule, all unpleasant symptoms will disappear within a day, you can grease a red round spot on the body with ointment from bites. If signs of an allergic reaction develop (inflammation, shortness of breath, swelling of the larynx or face), seek immediate medical attention.
Infectious pathologies
Many diseases can cause red pimples and plaques on the body. The most common are chickenpox, measles and rubella. However, the development of more rare diseases is possible, therefore, if a rash on the skin in the form of bubbles is found, a doctor's consultation is imperative.
Chickenpox
Childhood disease with skin rashes, most of of the population carries chickenpox back in preschool age... The body of the sick person becomes covered with red spots, which then turn into blisters. The kid is worried about fever, weakness, nausea and itching. Often, redness of the throat and disturbances in the digestive tract are added to the symptoms. The disease begins with a rash on the cheeks, between the fingers and the armpits, then spreads to the whole body.
Measles
A viral rash is transmitted by contact with an infected person, it remains dangerous for up to 5 days. Some time after infection, signs of a cold appear (fever, runny nose, cough, lacrimation), but soon large red spots form on the body. They are characterized by an irregular shape, localized on almost all parts of the body at once, scaly and acquire a brownish tint.
Scarlet fever
Red rough spots on the skin of a child and a sore throat indicate the onset of scarlet fever. You can get infected by airborne droplets or by household. Often epidemics occur in kindergartens, since the disease is transmitted through toys, dishes, clothes. If one child is ill, it is recommended to strictly follow the precautions and isolate the other babies. Many mothers are interested in: is it possible to bathe a child with scarlet fever? In the first 5-7 days from the bath, you should refrain, it is better to use wet wipes.
Rubella
With rubella, red pimples on the child's body do not appear immediately, but only a week after other signs appear. Mild sore throat, lacrimation, and conjunctivitis signal the onset of the disease.
Typically, body temperature remains within normal limits or rises to 37 degrees. As with all infectious diseases, rubella spreads rapidly, so isolation is essential. Childhood illnesses are very similar, so it doesn't hurt to get familiar with the signs. It is on them that you can notice the ailment in time and consult a doctor.
Roseola
Rash on the skin in the form of red spots, characterized by a mandatory increase in temperature. It gradually decreases (high rates can be kept up to 4 days), but plaques continue to cover the body. The disease is caused by type 6 of the herpes virus, which requires compulsory therapy.
Skin pathologies
The two most frequently troubling skin diseases in babies are viral dermatosis and purulent dermis. The first ailment is diagnosed in children 4-8 years old, intracellular viruses are considered the cause of development. Formed red plaques on the body the child complains of weakness. The second disease happens different types: pyoderma, lichen dry, diaper dermatitis. Almost all of them begin with a slight reddening of the skin, which is replaced by small red pimples with pus.
When to see a doctor
Having noticed a red rash on the child's body, there is no need to rush to go to the hospital on your own. If you suspect an infectious disease, you must call a doctor at home so as not to infect people around you in public places. Urgently call ambulance it is necessary if the following symptoms are observed:
- trouble breathing, wheezing, sternum pain;
- fainting, speech disturbances, or confusion;
- the appearance of watery pimples on the body, which bring severe discomfort to the child;
- a sharp increase in temperature, as well as the ineffectiveness of antipyretic drugs;
- anaphylactic shock, in which it decreases arterial pressure, difficulty breathing, signs of a severe allergic reaction appear.
Before the arrival of a specialist, red spots on the child's body should not be treated with anything, be it a soothing cream, brilliant green or iodine. Such measures will lubricate clinical picture, which means that the doctor will not be able to make the correct diagnosis and say how to treat the disease.
Treatment methods
Therapy depends on the cause of the child's red rash. Be sure to visit a pediatrician, and if you suspect skin pathologies - a dermatologist. It is forbidden to squeeze, open or comb small ones. Thus, it is easy to infect, and even after the wounds, ugly marks will remain. Babies should not be given medicine without a doctor's prescription, it is only permissible to use antiallergic drugs.
Against allergies in the form of red rough spots on the body of a baby, Fenistil, Tavegil, Claritin, and also Gistan ointment are used. In advanced cases, you should choose hormonal drugs: Elokom or Advantan.
A red rash on the face of a child after frost can be eliminated with La-Cree cream, which soothes and heals the affected epidermis. Creams such as Depanthenol, Bepanten and Panthenol have anti-inflammatory and regenerating effects. A small red rash on the dermis during chickenpox is recommended to be lubricated with brilliant green and zinc ointment. In all other cases, it is necessary to consult a doctor and monitor him during treatment with medicines.
Precautions
To protect the child from infectious diseases and other ailments, it is necessary to strengthen the immune system. The protective function of the body is able to overcome many diseases; to maintain it, it is recommended to regularly give the child vitamin complexes.
It is important to protect the baby from factors provoking red spots on the skin: unhealthy food, dangerous insects, crowds of people where you can get a serious infection.
Skin rashes in children are not uncommon, but you cannot close your eyes to red spots. There are many reasons for the development of small pimples on the body: from a mosquito bite to an infectious pathology. Be sure to make an appointment with a doctor or call him at home if there is a suspicion of a disease transmitted by airborne droplets. It is impossible to choose a treatment regimen on your own, many diseases have serious consequences, so therapy should be under the supervision of a specialist.
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