What causes conjunctivitis in adults. Conjunctivitis eye disease: symptoms and treatment

Conjunctivitis (sometimes misspelling conjunctivitis) is an inflammatory disease of the conjunctiva, a thin, transparent tissue lining the inner surface of the eyelid and the visible part of the sclera that has an infectious or other etiology.

The inflammation causes the small blood vessels of the conjunctiva to become more visible, and white color the sclera takes on a pink or red hue, which is why this condition is often called "pink eye". Some forms of this disease can be highly contagious and spread easily. Although infectious conjunctivitis is not usually considered a difficult eye disease, it can sometimes lead to more serious consequences.

What it is?

Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the lining of the eye (conjunctiva) that can be caused by an allergic reaction, viral or bacterial infection. Conjunctivitis is acute and chronic, adenoviral (pharyngoconjunctival fever), bacterial, herpetic, chlamydial.

As a rule, the external manifestations are similar, this is redness of the eyes, discharge and a feeling of discomfort (cramps, sand in the eyes, photophobia).

Causes of occurrence

The most common causes of conjunctivitis are viruses, bacteria, and allergens. But there are other factors that cause this disease, including chemicals, fungi, certain diseases, use contact lenses (especially prolonged wear). Irritation of the conjunctiva can also occur when foreign bodies enter the eye, when in contact with air contaminated, for example, with chemical vapors, gases, smoke or dust, both indoors and out.

The main causes of conjunctivitis, depending on the type:

1. Allergic. It develops in response to contact with an allergen, is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye, accompanied by redness and swelling of the eyelids, lacrimation, photophobia, itching.
2. Adenoviral. Its causative agent is adenovirus, which is transmitted by airborne droplets. Most often, children in collectives (schools, kindergartens) get sick, the disease occurs in the form of outbreaks of an epidemic nature.
3. Acute epidemic. He is also - Koch-Weeks conjunctivitis, has an epidemic character and occurs most often in the summer among children who live in hot climates. This type of disease is transmitted through dirty hands and contaminated objects.
4. Blenorite. It is caused by gonococcus and develops in newborns. Infection occurs when a mother with gonorrhea passes through the birth canal.
5. Acute. The causative agents of this form of the disease can be streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci or gonococci. As a rule, infection occurs due to external contact with bacteria, it is easy to get the infection with dirty hands. Cooling or overheating, depletion of the body, previous infections, microtrauma of the mucous membrane of the eye, myopia, astigmatism predispose to illness.
6. Chronic. This type of conjunctivitis is understood as prolonged irritation of the conjunctiva due to dust, chemical air pollution, vitamin deficiencies and metabolic disorders, chronic diseases of the lacrimal passages and nose, as well as ametropia.
7. Morax-Axenfeld conjunctivitis has a chronic or subacute course and is localized mainly in the corners of the eyes.

Conjunctivitis symptoms

In general cases, these are symptoms: edema of the eyelids, edema and hyperemia of the conjunctiva, photophobia, lacrimation, reddening of the white of the eye.

Symptoms depending on the type of disease:

1. Bacterial conjunctivitis. One of the first symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis is a rather cloudy and viscous discharge from the eye. In this case, the patient's eyelids may stick together, especially after sleep. However, it should be understood that such symptoms are not characteristic of all bacteria, therefore, in the absence of such symptoms, it is not necessary to exclude the bacterial nature of the disease. The second symptom of bacterial conjunctivitis is dryness of the conjunctiva and skin around the affected eye. With a bacterial conjunctiva, only one eye can be affected, and then the infection can spread to the other. Pain and foreign body feeling in the eye is another characteristic symptom for bacterial conjunctivitis. In addition, with bacterial conjunctivitis, small hemorrhages in the area of \u200b\u200bthe eyeball are possible.
2. Viral conjunctivitis is most often associated with an infection of the upper respiratory tract (adenoviral or herpetic) can occur with a common cold and / or sore throat. Symptoms manifest themselves differently in each person, depending on their age, immunity, and degree of infection. Usually, these conjunctivitis starts in one eye and then spreads to the other eye. A pain begins in the corner of the eye, redness of blood vessels appears, the conjunctiva is inflamed and bright red, photophobia may appear. In the case of adenoviral conjunctivitis, eye damage is preceded and accompanied by damage to the upper respiratory tract, an increase in body temperature, an increase in lymph nodes (more often in children). Moderate blepharospasm, scant purulent discharge are noted. Often, the disease is accompanied by the appearance of follicles or films (more often in children).
3. Allergic conjunctivitis. As a rule, the typical manifestations of this disease are characteristic of the allergic form of conjunctivitis. The patient has severe swelling and redness of the eyelids, severe itching, burning eyes, as well as soreness when exposed to bright lighting. When allergic conjunctivitis the appearance of mucous or even purulent discharge from the eyes is possible.
4. Conjunctivitis caused by toxic and toxic substances. The main symptom is irritation and pain in the eye when looking up or down. Discharge and itching are usually absent. This is the only group of conjunctivitis that can be accompanied by severe pain.
5. In the case of acute conjunctivitis, there is a feeling of pain in the eyes, mucopurulent or purulent discharge. For blennorrhea conjunctivitis, it is characterized at first by serous-bloody, and after 3-4 days, profuse purulent discharge. Formation of infiltrates, corneal ulcers is possible. With Koch-Weeks conjunctivitis, multiple small hemorrhages in the conjunctiva of the sclera and its edema in the form of triangular elevations within the palpebral fissure. Morax-Axenfeld conjunctivitis is characterized by a subacute or chronic course and predominant localization in the corners of the palpebral fissure.
6. In the case of chronic conjunctivitis, itching, burning, feeling of "sand behind the eyelids", eye fatigue are noted.
7. Chlamydial conjunctivitis. In the vast majority of cases, conjunctivitis caused by chlamydia is asymptomatic. Redness of the eyes, photophobia and slight watery eyes are possible. Starting from 3-5 days after the onset of the disease, patients develop a disease of the lymph nodes in the area of \u200b\u200bthe auricles.

According to recent studies, people with blue eyeswhich are much more sensitive to light.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis of conjunctivitis is based on the characteristic clinical picture... To determine the cause of the occurrence, such data as, for example, contact with an allergen, dependence on sunlight, flow characteristics (for example, seasonality, presence of ailment) are important.

The most informative are bacterioscopic and bacteriological studies of smears and detachable conjunctiva with determination of the sensitivity of the pathogen to antibiotics, as well as cytological examination of scrapings from the conjunctiva.

Treating conjunctivitis at home

The main thing in the treatment of all forms of the disease is to eliminate the cause of the appearance of negative symptoms of the inflammatory process. For this purpose, drug therapy is used. Symptomatic treatment, eliminating the manifestations of conjunctivitis, consists in the use of topical preparations. They are injected into the mucous membrane of the eyes.

1. Bacterial. For quick relief of inflammation, Diclofenac is instilled 2-4 times a day. Hygienic treatment of the eye is carried out with antiseptic solutions (Furacillin 1: 1000, 2% boric acid). The destruction of pathogenic bacteria is carried out with sulfonamides and antibiotics in the form of ointments and drops (Erythromycin, Tetracycline, Gentamicin ointment, Albucid drops, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin). Initially, they are buried or laid 4-6 times a day, after 2-3 days - 2-3 times a day until the symptoms of the disease disappear. For the prevention of relapses, Piloxidin drops are used simultaneously 3 times a day.
2. Allergic. For conjunctivitis of an allergic nature, antihistamines... Unfortunately, sometimes these drugs cause side effects such as drowsiness, headaches or insomnia, so they should only be taken with a doctor's permission. In allergic conjunctivitis, it is extremely important to identify the causative allergen and avoid contact with it in every possible way. If the allergy is very severe, then the patient may be prescribed steroid eye drops.
3. Purulent. With this form of conjunctivitis, it is important to timely and thoroughly remove purulent discharge with antiseptic solutions (Furacillin, 2% boric acid, potassium permanganate solution). To eliminate the cause of inflammation, apply Gentamicin, Erythromycin or Tetracycline ointment, drops of Lomefloxacin 2-3 times a day until complete cure. Puffiness is stopped with Diclofenac.
4. Chlamydial. Treatment of conjunctivitis provoked by protozoan microorganisms is carried out with systemic drugs. Most often, it is Levofloxacin (1 tablet daily for 7 days). At the same time, drugs with local antibiotics (drops of Lomefloxacin or Erythromycin ointment) are used 4-5 times a day. They are used from 3 weeks to 3 months until the symptoms of conjunctivitis are completely relieved. Treatment of inflammation is carried out with Diclofenac 2 times a day for a long time. If it is ineffective, Dexamethasone is used with the same frequency. Prevention of dry eye syndrome is carried out with artificial tear preparations (Oksial, Oftagel).
5. Chronic. Treatment of this form of conjunctivitis will be successful if the cause of the disease is identified in a timely manner. Apply drops of 0.25-0.5% solution of zinc sulfate and 1% solution of resorcinol... Alternative drugs - administration of Protargol or Collargol solution 2-3 r. / Day, putting yellow mercury ointment into the eyes before going to bed.

For the treatment of adenoviral conjunctivitis, interferon preparations with an antiviral effect (Laferon, Interferon) are used. They are used in the form of instillations of a solution of the drug on the mucous membrane.

• The first 2-3 days - interferons, 6-8 rubles / day;
• Until the symptoms disappear completely - interferons at 4-5 rubles / day;
• Ointments with antiviral effect (bonafton, tebrofen, florenal) - 2-4 rubles / day;
• With severe inflammation of the mucous membrane - diclofenac 3-4 r. / Day;
• For the prevention of dry eye syndrome - tear substitutes Vidisik, Oftagel, Sistain.

Painful sensations that appear with the first signs of conjunctivitis are stopped by the administration of drops with local anesthetics (Lidocaine, Trimecaine, Pyromecaine). Hygienic treatment of the ciliary edge of the eyelids and the mucous membrane of the eye is carried out with antiseptic solutions (Furacillin, Dimexide, Oxycyanate, potassium permanganate, brilliant green).

After removing pain and hygienic treatment of the eye, they begin to treat the cause of the disease, inject antibiotics, antihistamines, antiviral agents, sulfonamides into the eye. They are used depending on the factors that caused the disease. In the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis, antibiotics are used, for viral conjunctivitis - antiviral agents (Florenal, Kerecid), for allergic ones - antihistamines (Diphenhydramine, Dibazol).

This algorithm is followed until all clinical symptoms of conjunctivitis have disappeared. All this time, it is forbidden to apply any bandages to the eyes, so as not to create favorable conditions for bacteria and other pathogenic microorganisms, not to cause relapses and complications.

Folk remedies

Conjunctivitis treatment recipes folk remedies preferably used in combination with traditional medicine and with the knowledge of your healthcare professional. In this case, folk remedies will help a speedy recovery and will not cause any harm to vision.

1. Washing sore eyes with yarrow infusion.
2. Chamomile infusion. Pour a tablespoon of pharmaceutical chamomile with two glasses of boiling water, cover and leave for 1-1.5 hours. Strain twice (to completely remove plant particles from the solution) and use as an eye wash every 3-4 hours. Chamomile will not only reduce inflammatory process, but also relieve swelling, itching and other unpleasant symptoms. Instead of chamomile, you can use a fresh black tea infusion to wash your eyes.
3. Decoction of bay leaves. Pour three medium bay leaves with a glass of boiling water and let it brew for a couple of hours. Use the resulting infusion for lotions every two hours. This is one of the most strong means traditional medicine for the treatment of conjunctivitis, as it contains phytoncides.
4. Take a homemade chicken egg, separate the protein and dissolve it in 100 milliliters of boiled water. Use to rinse your eyes. This recipe is excellent for relieving symptoms such as burning and itching.
5. Tea rose broth. Pour a teaspoon of plant petals with a glass of boiling water and boil for 2-3 minutes. Insist for half an hour and use for rinsing.
6. Dilute aloe or dill juice in a ratio of 1:10 with boiled water and rinse your eyes.

Complications

Launched infectious conjunctivitis caused by chlamydia can lead to deformation of the eyelids and pathology of eyelash growth.

A disease caused by another type of bacteria can be complicated by meningitis, sepsis, otitis media. In newborn babies, after conjunctivitis, the progression of eye diseases may begin.

After adenovirus infection corneal opacities and tear film disorders are rarely possible. The most frequent complication allergic conjunctivitis is a chronic form. After recurrent herpesvirus conjunctivitis, scars remain.

Infectious conjunctivitis can cause keratitis (inflammation of the cornea).

Prevention

Due to the fact that some types of conjunctivitis are contagious, you should carefully follow the rules of personal hygiene, especially when a sick person appears in your environment.

1. Maintain personal hygiene.
2. Use only your own hygiene items, bedding, etc.
3. Avoid frequent eye contact, especially with unwashed hands.
4. After visiting the pool, thoroughly rinse your eyes with running, and preferably boiled chilled water.
5. Improve immunity, especially in transitional seasons: take vitamin and mineral complexes, switch to healthy eating, tempered.
6. If a child is ill, explain to him that it is impossible to touch the eyes, to monitor the cleanliness of the baby's hands, the cleanliness and humidity of the air in the room.
7. With the development of signs of conjunctivitis, as rarely as possible, be in public places, in conditions of polluted air, do not swim in the pool: these measures are necessary to prevent the penetration of a new infection into the body, on the mucous membrane of the eye.

For children, skills will serve as a good prevention: do not rub your eyes with your hands, wash your hands after they are dirty with something, eat only after washing your hands.

Now it is generally accepted that such an ailment as is often found in children. But this is a big mistake. Every day, doctors register a considerable number of patients with eye complaints. This is an inflammatory process that affects the mucous membrane of the eyeball. The patient's blood vessels burst, which causes reddening of the membrane. The eyes begin to water. How serious is this problem and how can it be treated?

General symptoms

Conjunctivitis symptoms can manifest in different ways. But all signs have the same nature - it is an inflammation of the eyes. Other symptoms accompany the main symptom and may include:

• purulent discharge (blood impurities are possible);
• tearing;
• unpleasant burning sensation;
• swelling of the eyelids;
• sticking of the eyelids in the morning;
• decreased vision in the pathological process.

In severe conditions, the patient may experience headache, weakness of the body, probable enlargement of lymph nodes.

These were general symptoms, but some types of conjunctivitis deserve special attention.

Varieties of conjunctivitis

The bacterial form is provoked by microbes staphylococcus and streptococcus... The disease can manifest itself if dust or dirt gets into the eyes. The virus infects eyeball in stagnant bodies of water. At the same time, purulent discharge begins to appear from the eyes.

The pneumococcal form differs in that microscopic hemorrhages appear on the eyeball. Usually they are clearly visible on the conjunctiva. In addition, a whitish veil begins to appear on the mucous membrane, which can be easily removed with cotton pads (or a swab). Most often, so-called infiltrates (formations with an admixture of blood and lymph) appear on the cornea. This pathology often manifests itself as side effects after infection with colds.

Acute epidemic conjunctivitis is also called koch-Weeks conjunctivitis... It differs in that it has sluggish symptoms. Usually, this pathology manifests itself in the form of sharp jumps and is of a very contagious nature. A lot of hemorrhages and discharge of pus appear on the conjunctiva.

The gonococcal form is caused by the Neisser virus. This problem can occur in both children and adults, when the infection from the infected genitals is carried by hands through hygiene products (soap, towel, bedding, etc.).

Gonoblenorrhea. This disease is a real scourge for newborns. Usually, the disease is transmitted from mother to child through the birth canal at the moment when a woman gives birth. Both eyes are affected. The kid cannot open the eyelids, outside the skin color becomes bluish-red. Pus, similar to rotten meat, breaks through the eye slits. Bleeding is possible. If you do not start timely treatment, blood flow is disturbed in the eye area and a purulent ulcer can form in this place, which will subsequently provoke the formation of a thorn. And, in turn, complete blindness.

The diphtheria form is caused by a diphtheria bacillus. In this case, the main symptoms are profuse conjunctival hemorrhage and swelling. In this case, the shade of the eyelids is characterized by a blue color. Gray films form on the conjunctiva that bleed if removed.

The viral form is formed as a result of infection of the body with colds. In this case, both eyes hurt. The symptoms of the disease are as follows. The serous substance is easily separated from the corneal mucosa. On the conjunctiva of the eyelids, lymphoid follicles are formed.

It differs from other types of the disease in that the conjunctiva swells very much. It is divided into catarrhal, membranous and follicular forms. The catarrhal form is the easiest to treat. But the cornea is attacked by a virus and forms many small and coin-like infiltrates.

The epidemic form is provoked by an enterovirus. Distinctive feature of this ailment are very strong effusions of blood, which are called hemorrhages. It turns out that the eye from the side seems to be completely swollen. But symptoms appear either at night or in the morning.

An allergic form is a consequence of a reaction to a substance that is not tolerated by the body. The eyes swell, begin to itch, tearing increases.

The giant papillary shape is typical for those groups of people who wear contact lenses. In this case, the disease increases in size and looks like papillae.

Pollinosis is a severe allergic seasonal form that occurs during the flowering period of a wide variety of herbs and flowers (for example, ragweed or poplar fluff). The symptoms are the same as those of the allergic form, but the consequences are much more severe and the nose is constantly blocked.

The dosage form can occur after the medicine has been in direct contact with the eyes. There is swelling, itching, burning, etc. Symptoms last for several hours.

Diagnostics

To correctly identify the problem, you need to seek help from a doctor. At the hospital, the doctor may send for an additional examination to clarify the exact diagnosis. To do this, it is sometimes sufficient to check the eyes on a slit lamp.

But there are times when the patient is prescribed the following types of diagnostics.

1. Bacteriological examination... With this technique, antibiotic sensitivity is determined. More precisely, what types antimicrobial drugs can act on microbes.
2. Polymerase chain reaction... By examining the sequence of DNA and RNA, viruses can be identified that use this code to develop disease.
3. identifies a specific allergen due to which an allergic reaction occurs.

These studies can identify the disease when the doctor doubts the cause or when the symptoms become severe.

Treatment

In no case should conjunctivitis be treated on its own. As you can see, there can be a lot of varieties of the disease. And it can be very difficult to make a precise diagnosis. But each type of ailment is treated with its own methods.

General principles for the treatment of all types of conjunctivitis

The bacterial form is treated with eye drops and special ointments. They contain antibiotics. That is, they literally destroy all viruses. If treatment fails, the patient is referred for additional diagnostics in order to identify which antimicrobial agent the disease will respond to.

The gonococcal form of the disease is also treated with antibiotics. The course lasts until the patient has passed all the conjunctiva. But for this you need to start treatment on time in order to avoid serious problems with the cornea.

Important! To prevent the development of the disease, it is necessary to treat any diseases of the genital organs in time. Sodium sulfacil (30%) is instilled into the eyes of newborns. This process is repeated three times with a pause of 3 minutes.

Viral form. In this case, the medicine must contain an interferon component. In parallel, the doctor may prescribe antiviral drugs and tear drops to get rid of the dry eye effect. In order to prevent the virus from developing again, the body is strengthened with immunostimulating drugs.

Traditional medicine can greatly help in the treatment of the viral form. But you need to use it only as an additional tool. To do this, use compresses for the eyes of chamomile, sage, etc.

When herpes is considered the cause of conjunctivitis, the patient needs to use medications that include acyclovir. Ophthalmoferon drops are very helpful.

Adenovirus is a type of viral infection, but unlike other inflammatory processes, it is very difficult to treat. Therefore, the patient, in addition to medications, which include interoferon, add antibacterial drugs... This will avoid relapse. Additionally, the doctor may prescribe an "artificial tear".

The allergic form is treated with antihistamines. In this case, the form of the medicine is unimportant. It can be drops, pills, and potions. But experts still recommend using drops, because they are absorbed faster. But the drops have more severe side effects.

The doctor may prescribe a combination treatment that will include an artificial tear, diphenhydramine and interferon. But in very severe cases, anti-inflammatory drugs are used without a steroid form.

The fungal form is treated with antifungal agents. Usually these are drugs such as nystatin, amphotericin B, levorin. In addition, the doctor prescribes nystatin ointment, which is applied to the infected surface before bedtime.

The diphtheria form is treated in the following way. After finding the source of the disease, the patient is injected with anti-diphtheria serum. Every hour, the problem area must be washed with antiseptics. In parallel, the patient drinks antibiotics and sulfonamides.

Chronic form of the disease

The most difficult problem is a neglected ailment. He is treated in a complex, based on additional diagnostics. The biggest problem with chronic conjunctivitis is correct setting diagnosis.

Chronic conjunctivitis usually occurs as a result of constant external exposure to the eyes (dust, computer radiation, etc.). In addition, the chronic form of conjunctivitis can provoke various eye diseases.

In order to cure a lingering ailment, some doctors prescribe lotions infused with:

• boric acid (2%);
• resorcinol solution;
• borax solution (2%);
• chamomile or sage.

A neglected disease is treated for a long time. To do this, you need to be patient and accurately follow all the doctor's prescriptions.

Table. The best medicines for treatment.

Types of drugs

Depending on the type of illness, the doctor prescribes different kinds medicines.

1. Drops, which are buried directly into the eyeball. This is one of the most effective ways... Since the medicine acts directly at the source of the disease. These include: Floxal drops, Albucid solution (20%).
2. ... Their purpose is to destroy an infection, a virus. But they have one bad one side effect... Together with microbes, they destroy positive bacteria. Therefore, after taking antimicrobial drugs, a rehabilitation course is required in the form of a vitamin and mineral course. Usually, these drugs fight diseases such as: staphylococcus, gonococcus, chlamydia, etc. Erythrocin ointment, Tetracycline ointment, Acyclovir helps well against the above bacteria.
3. Hormonal or non-hormonal drugs... It all depends on the severity of the infection. For example, severe conjunctivitis is best treated hormonal drugs, and use non-hormonal analogs on early stages disease.
4. Artificial tear preparations are additional tool and allow you to treat dry eye (eyeball). This symptom occurs as a consequence of dystrophic conjunctivitis and other types of diseases.
5. Antihistamines used to treat allergic conjunctivitis. But the doctor can prescribe these drugs in a complex together with others. medications (for example, with antibiotics, or non-steroidal drugs).

Attention!Antihistamines can be used for up to 7 days.

Prevention

In order to protect yourself and others from this disease, you must follow the instructions below. As you know, this is a very contagious disease. If one family member falls ill with conjunctivitis, separate hygiene products (towels, bed linen, etc.) should be used, it is better to put the patient on a separate bed and minimize contact with him. But in order not to get sick yourself, the following recommendations should be followed:

• timely undergo medical examinations, check your eyesight and not start the onset of the disease;
• reduce the risk of contracting conjunctivitis by using high-quality cosmetics without an expired shelf life;
• observe safety rules, do everything possible to workplace did not spoil health;
• follow the rules, take good care of them;
• do not contact with possible allergenic objects or plants;
• wash your hands with soap and water;
• to wash, use only clean water.

Conclusion

Conjunctivitis is a serious illness. Even on initial stage it is very unpleasant when the eyes are constantly watering, pus is secreted and you constantly feel discomfort. Therefore, it is necessary to consult a doctor in a timely manner so that the disease does not become chronic. Then it will be very difficult to treat a lingering ailment. But you can avoid the manifestation of the disease with ordinary hygiene, for example, washing hands and frequent changes of underwear and bed linen.

Video - Treatment of conjunctivitis

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The site provides background information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. A specialist consultation is required!

Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye, provoked by various pathogenic factors. Generally correct name diseases - conjunctivitishowever, it is often known only to doctors and nurses. In everyday life, the term "conjunctivitis" is used most often to refer to the inflammatory process on the mucous membrane of the eye. In the text of the article, we will use exactly the wrong, but familiar term for people far from medical science.

Classification

In general, the term "conjunctivitis" is not the name of the disease, but reflects only the localization of the inflammatory process - the mucous membrane of the eye. In order to get the full name of the disease, it is necessary to add the designation of the causative factor to the term "conjunctivitis" or indicate the nature of the inflammatory process, for example, "bacterial conjunctivitis" or "chronic conjunctivitis", etc. The full name of the disease, which includes the designation of the cause of the inflammation or its nature, is used by doctors in medical records... The nature and cause of inflammation of the conjunctiva should always be clarified, since the correct and effective treatment depends on it.

Currently, there are a number of classifications of conjunctivitis, each of which reflects some significant factor related to the cause or nature of inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye.

Depending on the cause that provoked inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye, conjunctivitis is divided into the following types:

• Bacterial conjunctivitis is provoked by various pathogenic or opportunistic bacteria, such as streptococci, pneumococci, staphylococci, gonococci, diphtheria bacillus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, etc .;


• Chlamydial conjunctivitis (trachoma) is provoked by the ingress of chlamydia into the eyes;


• Angular conjunctivitis (angular) is provoked by the Morax-Axenfeld diplobacillus and is characterized by a chronic course;


• Viral conjunctivitis, provoked by various viruses such as adenoviruses, herpes viruses, etc .;


• Fungal conjunctivitis is provoked by various pathogenic fungi and is a particular manifestation of systemic infections, such as actinomycosis, aspergillosis, candidomycosis, spirotrichelosis;


• Allergic conjunctivitis develops under the influence of any allergen or factor that irritates the mucous membrane of the eye (for example, dust, wool, varnishes, paints, etc.);


• Dystrophic conjunctivitis develops under the influence of various substances that cause damage to the mucous membrane of the eye (for example, reagents, paints, industrial vapors and gases, etc.).

Chlamydial and angular (angular) conjunctivitis are special cases of bacterial conjunctivitis, however, based on certain characteristics clinical course and their characteristics are distinguished into separate varieties.

Depending on the type of inflammatory process on the mucous membrane of the eye, conjunctivitis is divided into:

• Acute conjunctivitis;


• Chronic conjunctivitis.

A special case of acute conjunctivitis is epidemic, provoked by the Koch-Weeks bacillus.

Depending on the nature of inflammation and morphological changes in the mucous membrane of the eye, conjunctivitis is divided into the following types:

• Purulent conjunctivitis, proceeding with the formation of pus;


• Catarrhal conjunctivitis, flowing without the formation of pus, but with copious mucous discharge;


• Papillary conjunctivitis develops against the background of an allergic reaction to ophthalmic drugs and is the formation of small grains and seals on the mucous membrane of the eye in the upper eyelid;


• Follicular conjunctivitis develops according to the first type of allergic reaction and is the formation of follicles on the mucous membrane of the eye;


• Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis is characterized by numerous hemorrhages in the mucous membrane of the eye;


• Filmy conjunctivitis develops in children against the background of acute viral respiratory diseases.

Despite the rather large number of varieties of conjunctivitis, any form of the disease is manifested by a set of typical symptoms, as well as a number of specific signs.

Causes

The causes of conjunctivitis are the following groups of factors that can cause inflammation on the mucous membrane of the eye:

1. Infectious causes:
   
   
   • Pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria (staphylococci, streptococci, gonococci, meningococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, etc.);
   
   
   
   • Viruses (adenoviruses and herpes viruses);
   
   
   • Pathogenic fungi (actinomycetes, aspergillus, candida, spirotrichella);


2. Allergic reasons (wearing contact lenses, atopic, medicinal, or seasonal conjunctivitis);


3. Other reasons (occupational hazards, dust, gases, etc.).

All of the listed causes of conjunctivitis cause disease only if they manage to get on the mucous membrane of the eye. As a rule, infection occurs through dirty hands with which a person rubs or touches the eyes, as well as airborne droplets in the case of viruses, allergens or occupational hazards. In addition, infection with pathogenic microorganisms can occur ascending from the ENT organs (nasal, oral cavity, ear, throat, etc.).

Symptoms of different types of conjunctivitis

With any type of conjunctivitis, a person develops certain non-specific symptoms, such as:

• Swelling of the eyelids;


• Swelling of the mucous membrane of the eye;


• Redness of the conjunctiva and eyelids;


• Photophobia;


• Lachrymation;



• Feeling of a foreign body in the eye;


• Discharge of a mucous, purulent or mucopurulent character.

The above symptoms develop with any type of conjunctivitis and are therefore called nonspecific. Quite often, the symptoms of conjunctivitis are combined with the phenomena of catarrh of the upper respiratory tract with various respiratory infections, as well as a rise in temperature, headache and other signs of intoxication (muscle pain, weakness, fatigue, etc.).

However, in addition to nonspecific symptoms, various types of conjunctivitis are characterized by the appearance of specific signs that are due to the properties of the factor that causes the inflammatory process. It is the specific symptoms that make it possible to differentiate different types of conjunctivitis on the basis of the clinical picture without special laboratory tests. Let us consider in detail what nonspecific and specific symptoms manifest various types of conjunctivitis.

Acute (epidemic) conjunctivitis

Currently, the term "acute conjunctivitis" refers to a disease, the full name of which is "acute epidemic Koch-Weeks conjunctivitis." However, for the convenience of using the term, only a part of it is taken, allowing you to understand what is being said.

Acute conjunctivitis refers to bacterial, since it is provoked by a pathogenic bacterium - Koch-Weeks bacillus. However, since acute epidemic conjunctivitis has features of the course associated, first of all, with the defeat of a large number of people and the rapid spread in the population, this type of bacterial inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye is isolated in a separate form.

Acute Koch-Wicks conjunctivitis is widespread in Asia and the Caucasus; in more northern latitudes, it practically does not occur. The infection occurs in the form of seasonal, epidemic outbreaks, mainly in the autumn and summer periods of the year. Infection with Koch-Weeks conjunctivitis occurs by contact and airborne droplets. This means that the causative agent of conjunctivitis is transmitted from a sick person to a healthy person through close household contacts, as well as through common household items, dirty hands, dishes, fruits, vegetables, water, etc. Epidemic conjunctivitis is contagious.

Koch-Weeks conjunctivitis begins acutely and suddenly, after a short incubation period in 1 - 2 days. Typically, both eyes are affected at the same time. Conjunctivitis begins with reddening of the lining of the eyelids, which quickly invades the surface of the eyeball and transitional folds. The most severe redness and swelling develops in the area of \u200b\u200bthe lower eyelid, which takes the form of a roller. Within 1 - 2 days, mucopurulent or purulent discharge appears in the eyes, and brownish thin films are formed, which are easily rejected and removed without damaging the mucous membrane of the eye. In addition, numerous hemorrhages in the form of dots are visible in the mucous membrane of the eye. A person is worried about photophobia, a feeling of pain or a foreign body in the eyes, lacrimation, swelling of the eyelids and redness of the entire surface of the eyeball.

In addition to Koch-Weeks epidemic conjunctivitis, the term "acute conjunctivitis" doctors often refer to any acute inflammation the mucous membrane of the eye, regardless of what pathogen or cause provoked it. Acute conjunctivitis always comes on suddenly and usually occurs in both eyes.
Any acute conjunctivitis with correct treatment ends with recovery within 5 - 20 days.

Bacterial

It always proceeds acutely and is provoked by contact with the mucous membrane of the eye of various pathogenic or opportunistic bacteria, such as staphylococci, streptococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, gonococci, pneumococci, etc. Regardless of what kind of microbe caused bacterial conjunctivitis, the inflammatory process begins suddenly with the appearance of a cloudy, viscous, grayish-yellowish discharge on the surface of the mucous membrane of the eye. The discharge leads to sticking of the eyelids, especially after a night's sleep. In addition, a person develops dryness of the mucous membrane and skin around the sore eye. You may also feel pain and pain in the eye. With bacterial conjunctivitis, as a rule, only one eye is affected, but if untreated, inflammation can also affect the other. The most common bacterial ones are gonococcal, staphylococcal, pneumococcal, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and diphtheria. Let's consider the features of their course.

Staphylococcal conjunctivitis is characterized by severe redness and swelling of the eyelids, as well as profuse mucopurulent discharge, which makes it difficult to open the eyes after sleep. Swelling of the eyelids is combined with severe itching and burning. Photophobia and the sensation of a foreign body under the eyelid are noted. Usually, both eyes are involved in the inflammatory process alternately. With timely treatment local antibiotics (ointments, drops, etc.) Conjunctivitis disappears within 3 - 5 days.

Gonococcal conjunctivitis (gonoblenorrhea) usually develops in newborn babies due to infection during the passage through the birth canal of a mother infected with gonorrhea (gonorrhea). With gonococcal conjunctivitis, rapid and very dense swelling of the eyelids and mucous membranes of the eye develops. There is an abundant mucopurulent discharge, which has a characteristic look of "meat slops". When the closed eyelids are opened, the discharge literally spills out in a stream. As you recover, the amount of discharge decreases, it becomes thick, and films form on the surface of the mucous membrane of the eye, which are easily removed without damaging the underlying tissues. After 2 - 3 weeks, the discharge again acquires a liquid consistency and a greenish color, completely disappearing by the end of the 2nd month of the disease. Together with the disappearance of the discharge, the swelling and redness of the conjunctiva also pass. Gonoblennorrhea requires local treatment with antibiotics until complete recovery.

Pneumococcal conjunctivitis occurs in children. The inflammation begins acutely, with one eye being affected first and then the other being involved. First, a profuse purulent discharge appears, combined with edema of the eyelids, punctate hemorrhages in the mucous membrane of the eye and photophobia. Films are formed on the conjunctiva, which are easily removed and do not damage the underlying tissues.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is characterized by profuse purulent discharge, pronounced redness of the mucous membrane of the eye, edema of the eyelids, cuts, photophobia and lacrimation.
Diphtheria conjunctivitis develops against the background of diphtheria. At first, the eyelids swell a lot, redden and thicken. The skin is so dense that the eyes cannot be opened. Then a cloudy discharge appears, which is replaced by a bloody one. Films of a dirty gray color are formed on the mucous membrane of the eyelids, which cannot be removed. When the films are forcibly removed, bleeding surfaces are formed.

At about the 2nd week of the disease, the films are rejected, the edema disappears, and the amount of discharge increases. After 2 weeks, diphtheritic conjunctivitis ends or becomes chronic. After inflammation, complications may develop, such as scars on the conjunctiva, volvulus, etc.

Chlamydial

The disease begins with a sudden onset of photophobia, which is accompanied by rapid swelling of the eyelids and redness of the mucous membrane of the eye. A scanty mucopurulent discharge appears, which sticks the eyelids together in the morning. The most pronounced inflammatory process is localized in the lower eyelid region. First, one eye is affected, but with inadequate hygiene, the inflammation goes to the second.

Chlamydial conjunctivitis often appears in the form of epidemic outbreaks during mass swimming pool visits. Therefore, chlamydial conjunctivitis is also called pool or bath.

Viral

Conjunctivitis can be caused by adenoviruses, herpes viruses, atypical trachoma virus, measles, smallpox viruses, etc. The most common are herpetic and adenoviral conjunctivitis, which are very contagious. Therefore, patients with viral conjunctivitis should be isolated from others until complete recovery.

Herpetic conjunctivitis is characterized by sharp redness, infiltration, and the formation of follicles on the mucous membrane of the eye. Thin films are often formed, which can be easily removed without damaging the underlying tissues. Inflammation of the conjunctiva is accompanied by photophobia, blepharospasm, and lacrimation.

Adenoviral conjunctivitis can take three forms:

1. The catarrhal form is characterized by mild inflammation. The redness of the eye is slight, and the discharge is very scarce;


2. The membranous form is characterized by the formation of thin films on the surface of the mucous membrane of the eye. Films are easily removed with a cotton swab, but sometimes they are tightly attached to the underlying surface. In the thickness of the conjunctiva, hemorrhages and seals can form, which completely disappear after recovery;


3. The follicular form is characterized by the formation of small bubbles on the conjunctiva.

Adenoviral conjunctivitis is very often combined with sore throat and fever, as a result of which the disease is called adenopharyngoconjunctival fever.

Allergic

Allergic conjunctivitis, depending on the factor that provokes them, is divided into the following clinical forms:

• Pollinous conjunctivitis, provoked by allergy to pollen, flowering plants, etc.;


• Spring keratoconjunctivitis;


• Drug allergy to eye drugs, manifested in the form of conjunctivitis;


• Chronic allergic conjunctivitis;


• Allergic conjunctivitis associated with contact lens wear.

Establishment of the clinical form of allergic conjunctivitis is carried out on the basis of an analysis of the history data. Knowledge of the form of conjunctivitis is necessary to select the optimal therapy.

Symptoms of any form of allergic conjunctivitis are unbearable itching and burning on the mucous membrane and skin of the eyelids, as well as photophobia, lacrimation, severe edema and redness of the eye.

Chronic

This type of inflammatory process in the conjunctiva of the eye lasts for a long time, and a person presents numerous subjective complaints, the severity of which does not correlate with the degree of objective changes in the mucous membrane. A person is worried about the feeling of heaviness of the eyelids, "sand" or "debris" in the eyes, pain, fatigue when reading, itching and a feeling of heat. During an objective examination, the doctor records a slight reddening of the conjunctiva, the presence of irregularities in it due to an increase in the papillae. Detachable is very scarce.

Chronic conjunctivitis is triggered by physical or chemical factors that irritate the mucous membrane of the eye, such as dust, gases, smoke, etc. The most common chronic conjunctivitis affects people who work in flour mills, chemical, textile, cement, brick and sawmills and factories. In addition, chronic conjunctivitis can develop in humans against a background of diseases digestive system, nasopharynx and sinuses, as well as anemias, vitamin deficiencies, helminthic invasions, etc. Treatment of chronic conjunctivitis consists in eliminating the causative factor and restoring the normal functioning of the eye.

Angular

Also called corner. The disease is caused by the bacillus Morax-Axenfeld and is most often chronic. The person is worried about pain and severe itching in the corners of the eye, which intensifies in the evening. The skin at the corners of the eyes is red and may crack. The mucous membrane of the eye is moderately reddish. The discharge is scanty, viscous, of a mucous nature. During the night, the discharge accumulates in the corner of the eye and freezes in the form of a small dense lump. Correct treatment allows you to completely eliminate angular conjunctivitis, and the lack of therapy leads to the fact that the inflammatory process continues for years.

Purulent

It is always bacterial. With this type of conjunctivitis, an abundant discharge of a purulent character is formed in the affected eye in a person. Purulent is gonococcal, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, pneumococcal and staphylococcal conjunctivitis. With the development of purulent conjunctivitis, it is necessary to use topical antibiotics in the form of ointments, drops, etc.

Catarrhal

It can be viral, allergic or chronic, depending on the causative factor that provoked the inflammatory process on the mucous membrane of the eye. With catarrhal conjunctivitis, a person develops moderate swelling and redness of the eyelids and mucous membrane of the eye, and the discharge is mucous or mucopurulent. Photophobia is moderate. With catarrhal conjunctivitis, there are no hemorrhages in the mucous membrane of the eye, papillae do not increase, follicles and films do not form. This view conjunctivitis usually resolves within 10 days without causing severe complications.

Papillary

Is an clinical form allergic conjunctivitis, and therefore usually lasts a long time. With papillary conjunctivitis, the existing papillae increase in the mucous membrane of the eye, forming irregularities and roughness on its surface. A person is usually worried about itching, burning, pain in the eye in the area of \u200b\u200bthe eyelid and scanty mucous membrane. Most often, papillary conjunctivitis develops due to the constant wearing of contact lenses, the use of eye prostheses, or prolonged contact of the surface of the eye with a foreign object.

Follicular

It is characterized by the appearance on the mucous membrane of the eye of grayish-pink follicles and papillae, which are infiltrates. Swelling of the eyelids and conjunctiva is mild, but the redness is pronounced. Infiltrates in the mucous membrane of the eye cause severe lacrimation and pronounced blepharospasm (closing of the eyelids).

Follicular conjunctivitis, depending on the type of pathogen, can be viral (adenoviral) or bacterial (for example, staphylococcal). Follicular conjunctivitis actively proceeds for 2 to 3 weeks, after which the inflammation gradually decreases, completely disappearing also within 1 to 3 weeks. The total duration of follicular conjunctivitis is 2 to 3 months.

Conjunctivitis temperature

Conjunctivitis almost never causes fever. However, if conjunctivitis occurs against the background of any infectious and inflammatory disease (for example, bronchitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory viral infections, etc.), then the person may have a fever. In this case, the temperature is not a sign of conjunctivitis, but an infectious disease.

Conjunctivitis - photo

The photograph shows catarrhal conjunctivitis with moderate redness and swelling, and scanty mucous discharge.


The photograph shows purulent conjunctivitis with pronounced edema, severe redness and purulent discharge.

What studies can a doctor prescribe for conjunctivitis?

With conjunctivitis, doctors rarely prescribe any studies and tests, since a routine examination and questioning about the nature of the discharge and the symptoms present is usually sufficient to determine the type of disease and, accordingly, prescribe the necessary treatment. After all, each type of conjunctivitis has its own characteristics that allow it to be distinguished from other types of the disease with sufficient accuracy.

However, in some cases, when it is not possible to accurately determine the type of conjunctivitis on the basis of examination and survey, or it proceeds in an erased form, an ophthalmologist may prescribe the following studies:

• Sowing secretions from the eye on the aerobic microflora and determining the sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics;
• Sowing of the discharge from the eye to the anaerobic microflora and determination of sensitivity to antibiotics;
• Sowing of eye discharge for gonococcus (N. gonorrhoeae) and determination of sensitivity to antibiotics;
• Determination of the presence of IgA antibodies to adenovirus in the blood;
• Determination of the presence of IgE antibodies in the blood.

Sowing secretions from the eye on the aerobic and anaerobic microflora, as well as on the gonococcus, is used to identify bacterial conjunctivitis, which is difficult or not at all amenable to treatment. Also, these cultures are used for chronic bacterial conjunctivitis to determine which antibiotic will be most effective in this particular case. In addition, culture for gonococcus is used for bacterial conjunctivitis in children in order to confirm or refute the diagnosis of gonoblenorrhea.

An analysis for the determination of antibodies to adenovirus in the blood is used in cases of suspected viral conjunctivitis.

A blood IgE antibody test is used to confirm suspected allergic conjunctivitis.

Which doctor should I contact for conjunctivitis?

If signs of conjunctivitis appear, you should contact ophthalmologist (ophthalmologist) or to pediatric ophthalmologist () , when it comes to a child. If for some reason it is impossible to get an appointment with an ophthalmologist, then adults should contact therapist (), and children - to pediatrician ().

General principles for the treatment of all types of conjunctivitis

Regardless of the type of conjunctivitis, its treatment consists in eliminating the causative factor and using drugs, relieving painful symptoms of an inflammatory disease.

Symptomatic treatment aimed at eliminating the manifestations of an inflammatory disease consists in the use of topical preparations that are injected directly into the eye.

With the development of the first signs of conjunctivitis, it is necessary first of all to stop pain the introduction into the eye sac of drops containing local anesthetics, such as, for example, Pyromecaine, Trimecaine or Lidocaine. After relieving pain, it is necessary to conduct a toilet of the ciliary edge of the eyelids and the mucous membrane of the eye, washing its surface with antiseptic solutions, such as potassium permanganate, brilliant green, Furacilin (dilution 1: 1000), Dimexide, Oxycyanate.

After relieving pain and sanitizing the conjunctiva, medications containing antibiotics, sulfonamides, antiviral or antihistamines are injected into the eye. In this case, the choice of the drug depends on the causative factor of the inflammation. If there is bacterial inflammation, then antibiotic drugs are used. sulfonamides (for example, tetracycline ointment, Albucid, etc.).

For viral conjunctivitis, local agents with antiviral components are used (for example, Kerecid, Florenal, etc.).

With allergic conjunctivitis, it is necessary to use antihistamines, for example, drops with Diphenhydramine, Dibazol, etc.

Treatment of conjunctivitis should be carried out until it disappears completely. clinical symptoms... In the process of treating conjunctivitis, it is strictly forbidden to apply any bandages to the eyes, as this will create favorable conditions for the multiplication of various microorganisms, which will lead to complications or an aggravation of the course of the process.

Home Treatment Principles

Viral

With adenoviral conjunctivitis, interferon preparations, such as Interferon or Laferon, are used to destroy the virus. Interferons are used in the form of instillations of a freshly prepared solution into the eye. In the first 2 - 3 days, interferons are injected into the eyes 6 - 8 times a day, then 4 - 5 times a day until the symptoms disappear completely. In addition, ointments with antiviral action, such as Tebrofenovaya, Florenalevaya or Bonaftonovaya, are laid 2 to 4 times a day. In case of severe inflammation of the eye, it is recommended to inject Diclofenac into the eye 3-4 times a day. In order to prevent dry eye syndrome, artificial tear substitutes are used throughout the course of treatment, for example, Oftagel, Sistain, Vidisik, etc.

Herpes viral
In order to destroy the virus, interferon solutions are also used, which are prepared from a lyophilized powder immediately before administration into the eye. The first 2 - 3 days, interferon solutions are administered 6 - 8 times a day, then 4 - 5 times a day until the symptoms disappear completely. To reduce inflammation, relieve pain, itching and burning, Diclofenac is injected into the eye. For the prevention of bacterial complications in herpetic conjunctivitis, Pikloxidine or a solution of silver nitrate is injected into the eyes 3-4 times a day.

Bacterial

It is imperative that during the entire course of treatment, Diclofenac should be instilled into the eyes 2 to 4 times a day to reduce the severity of the inflammatory process. The discharge must be removed by washing the eye with antiseptic solutions, for example, Furacilin in a dilution of 1: 1000 or 2% boric acid. To destroy the pathogenic microbe-pathogen, ointments or drops with antibiotics or sulfonamides are used, such as Tetracycline, Gentamicin, Erythromycin, Lomefloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Albucid, etc. Ointment or drops with antibiotics should be administered in the first 2 - 3 days in 4 - 6 times a day, then 2 - 3 times a day until the clinical symptoms disappear completely. Simultaneously with antibacterial ointments and drops, Pikloxidin can be instilled into the eyes 3 times a day.

Chlamydial

Since chlamydiae are intracellular microorganisms, the treatment of the infectious and inflammatory process provoked by them requires the use of systemic drugs. Therefore, with chlamydial conjunctivitis, it is necessary to take Levofloxacin 1 tablet per day for a week.

At the same time, local preparations with antibiotics, such as Erythromycin ointment or Lomefloxacin drops, should be injected into the affected eye 4 - 5 times a day. Ointment and drops must be applied continuously from 3 weeks to 3 months, until the clinical symptoms completely disappear. To reduce the inflammatory reaction, Diclofenac is administered into the eye 2 times a day, also for 1 to 3 months. If Diclofenac does not help to stop inflammation, then it is replaced with Dexamethasone, which is also administered 2 times a day. To prevent dry eye syndrome, it is necessary to use artificial tear preparations, such as Oksial, Oftagel, etc., on a daily basis.

Purulent

In case of purulent conjunctivitis, be sure to flush the eye with antiseptic solutions (2% boric acid, Furacilin, potassium permanganate, etc.) in order to remove abundant discharge. Rinsing the eye is performed as needed. Treatment of conjunctivitis consists in the introduction of Erythromycin, Tetracycline or Gentamicin ointment or Lomefloxacin into the eye 2 to 3 times a day until the clinical symptoms disappear completely. With pronounced edema, Diclofenac is injected into the eye to stop it.

Allergic

For the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis, local antihistamines are used (Spersallerg, Allergophthal) and agents that reduce mast cell degranulation (Lekrolin 2%, Kuzikrom 4%, Alomid 1%). These drugs are injected into the eyes 2 times a day for a long time. If these drugs do not completely stop the symptoms of conjunctivitis, then anti-inflammatory drops Diclofenac, Dexalox, Maxidex, etc. are added to them. In case of severe allergic conjunctivitis, they are used eye dropscontaining corticosteroids and antibiotics, for example, Maxitrol, Tobradex, etc.

Chronic

For the successful treatment of chronic conjunctivitis, the cause of the inflammation must be eliminated. To stop the inflammatory process, a 0.25 - 0.5% solution of zinc sulfate with a 1% solution of resorcinol is instilled into the eyes. In addition, Protargol and Collargol solutions can be injected into the eyes 2 to 3 times a day. Before going to bed, yellow mercury ointment is applied to the eyes.

Drugs (medicine) for the treatment of conjunctivitis

For the treatment of conjunctivitis, drugs are used for topical use in two main forms - drops and ointments, recommended by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Also for the treatment of conjunctivitis, drops and ointments are presented in the table.

Ointments for the treatment of conjunctivitis	Drops for the treatment of conjunctivitis
Erythromycin (antibiotic)	Picloxidine (antiseptic)
Tetracycline ointment (antibiotic)	Albucid 20% (antiseptic)
Gentamicin (antibiotic)	Levomycetin drops (antibiotic)
Yellow mercury ointment (antiseptic)	Diclofenac (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug)
	Dexamethasone (anti-inflammatory agent)
	Olopatodin (anti-inflammatory)
	Suprastin
	Fenistil (antiallergic agent)
	Oxial (artificial tear)
	Tobradex (anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agent)

Folk remedies

Folk remedies can be used in complex treatment conjunctivitis as solutions for washing and treating the eyes. Currently, the most effective folk remedies used for conjunctivitis are as follows:

• Pass the dill greens through a meat grinder, collect the resulting gruel in cheesecloth and squeeze thoroughly to get pure juice. Moisten a clean, soft cotton cloth in dill juice and place it on the eyes for 15 - 20 minutes when it appears. initial signs conjunctivitis;


• Dilute honey with boiled water in a ratio of 1: 2 and bury the eyes with the resulting solution as needed;


• Grind two teaspoons of rose hips and pour a glass of boiling water over them. Boil the berries and leave for half an hour. Strain the ready-made infusion, moisten a clean cloth in it and apply lotions to the eyes when pus is released;


• Crush 10 g of plantain seeds in a mortar and pour a glass of boiling water over them, then leave for half an hour and strain. In the finished infusion, moisten a clean cloth and apply lotions to the eyes. You can also wash your eyes with infusion as needed;


• Collect fresh datura leaves and grind them. Then pour 30 g of chopped leaves with a glass of boiling water, leave for half an hour, then strain. Use the ready-made infusion for making lotions.

What is the rehabilitation treatment after conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis can provoke various visual impairments associated with damage to the mucous membrane of the eye. Therefore, after complete recovery, a person may be disturbed by periodic discomfort, which are quite amenable to treatment. Currently, ophthalmologists recommend immediately after stopping inflammation in conjunctivitis to start using local drugs that accelerate healing and full recovery tissue structures (reparants).

Solcoseryl eye gel, made from the blood of dairy calves, is one of the most effective and commonly used reparants.

This drug activates the metabolism at the cellular level, as a result of which tissue restoration occurs in a short time. In addition, there is a complete restoration of the damaged structure, which, accordingly, creates conditions for the normalization of the functions of the damaged organ, in this case the eye. Solcoseryl ensures the formation of a normal and uniform mucous membrane of the eye, which will perfectly perform its functions and will not create any subjective discomfort. Thus, rehabilitation treatment after conjunctivitis is to use eye gel Solcoseryl for 1 to 3 weeks.

Before use, you must consult with a specialist.

Is an inflammation of the conjunctiva. The conjunctiva is the mucous membrane of the eye - a thin transparent tissue that covers the front of the eyeball, as well as the inner side of the eyelids. Conjunctivitis is quite common and occurs in both adults and children.

Conjunctivitis may be just one of many symptoms (for example, if the cause is viral infection or an allergic reaction), or it can be an independent disease.

Causes of conjunctivitis

In most cases, conjunctivitis is of infectious origin. Infection can get in your eyes, for example, if you rub them with dirty hands. Infection is also possible when swimming in a polluted body of water. You can get infected using mascara used by a sick person. In some cases, conjunctivitis is endogenous, i.e. the infection enters the conjunctiva with the blood flow from some already existing focus of inflammation in the body.

Most often, conjunctivitis is caused by bacteria (streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci, etc.) or viruses (,). Viral conjunctivitis is often a symptom of viral diseases such as chickenpox. Since respiratory diseases (colds) are typical for the cold season, this period also accounts for the increased frequency of manifestations of viral conjunctivitis.

Also common allergic conjunctivitis... Conjunctivitis is a common symptom of (allergy to pollen from flowering plants). Also, the reason for this can be cosmetics, dust, pets (allergies occur to wool and dander of animals, bird feathers, etc.), household chemicals.

Others possible reasons conjunctivitis:

• prolonged exposure to smoke, dust, chemical irritants;
• ultraviolet radiation. Conjunctivitis symptoms can be observed with "snow blindness". Pure snow has a high reflectivity, as a result, the eye receives increased dose ultraviolet radiation. In case of negligent attitude to eye protection (absence of light-protective glasses), a conjunctival burn is possible. "Snow blindness" is found among skiers, climbers, polar explorers, and winter fishing enthusiasts;
• overwork and hypothermia of the eyes;
• vitamin deficiency, metabolic disorders;
• hypersensitivity to certain medications.

Conjunctivitis symptoms

In case of infectious conjunctivitis, one eye is affected first, the inflammation in the second eye usually begins later, since the infection is transferred there from an already inflamed eye. With allergic conjunctivitis, the inflammatory process begins in both eyes at the same time.

The main symptoms acute conjunctivitis:

Lachrymation

The eye starts to water. Profuse lacrimation is observed.

Gore in the eye

The eye, which has developed inflammation, constantly wants to rub. Often there is a feeling of "sand in the eye": it seems that sand has got into the eye, you want to clear your eyes to remove this unpleasant sensation.

Swelling of the conjunctiva and eyelids

The eye looks puffy.

Purulent discharge

With the bacterial nature of the infection, purulent discharge from the eye is typical. Often such discharge, accumulated overnight, interferes with the free movement of the eyelids. Waking up, a person cannot easily open a sore eye.

Chronic conjunctivitis symptoms

For chronic conjunctivitis caused by chronic diseases nose or lacrimal passages, metabolic disorders, vitamin deficiency or prolonged exposure to external stimuli, symptoms are less severe. There may be an itching or burning sensation in the eye, a feeling of "sand behind the eyelids", eye fatigue.

Conjunctivitis treatment methods

With the right treatment, conjunctivitis is not dangerous and goes away in a few weeks. The course of treatment depends on the cause of the disease.

Family Doctors have extensive experience in the diagnosis and treatment of conjunctivitis. The family orientation of our polyclinics allows us to provide quality medical care even to the smallest patients. This aspect is important in the treatment of conjunctivitis, since children often get sick with it (after all, children tend to rub their eyes, and their hands can be dirty).

- one of the most common eye diseases, ICD code 10 - H10. This inflammation of the conjunctiva, which covers the visible part of the sclera and the inner surface of the eyelids, develops due to exposure to infections, bacteria, allergens, or as a result of chronic irritation. Features - increased tearing, redness of the mucous membrane, less often purulent discharge, burning sensation and even spasm of the eyelids.

Conjunctivitis is characterized by eye redness, discharge, sticky eyelids, tearing, and sensitivity to light.

Causes of conjunctivitis

The main reasons for the development of ocular conjunctivitis:

• long stay in rooms where chemical or toxic substances, and in places with increased level pollution;
• violation metabolic processes, lack of vitamins and weakening of the immune system;
• astigmatism, myopia or hyperopia, regular wearing;
• deterioration of the digestive system and ENT diseases;
• exposure to sunlight, strong wind or frost;
• active activity of bacteria, viruses or fungi;
• long stay near the computer;

IN childhood conjunctivitis occurs in combination with a cold or flu - with proper treatment, negative symptoms disappear in a week.

The development of the congenital form of the disease occurs if harmful microorganisms enter the mucous membrane at the time the fetus moves along the birth canal.

Common symptoms of conjunctivitis

With a bilateral type of disease, symptoms in each eye can manifest themselves in different ways.

Common manifestations of all forms:

• severe tearing, cutting pain and redness of the eyes;
• sensation of a foreign object in the eye, increased photosensitivity, blurred vision;
• dryness of the mucous membrane and skin of the eyelids, corneal opacity;
• swelling, increased lacrimation;
• sticking of the eyelids, discharge of pus.

Fever, cough, severe fatigue, drowsiness, loss of appetite, headache and muscle pain - this is accompanying symptoms, which help to accurately determine the cause of the appearance of conjunctivitis.

You can study in detail what the symptoms of each form of conjunctivitis look like in the photo.

Hypersensitivity is not always a sign of conjunctivitis, but it is better to see a doctor

Corneal opacity - a clear sign of conjunctivitis

Cutting pain and red eyes are one of the main symptoms of the disease.

Disease classification

Conjunctivitis is classified according to a number of characteristics:

The course of the disease

There are several forms of conjunctivitis:

1. Acute - has pronounced symptoms and is characterized by a reactive spread of the inflammatory process along the mucous membrane. A common reason for the appearance is the vigorous activity of various infections.
2. Chronic - the course of the disease is hardly noticeable to the patient, the symptoms of the disease are in a latent form from several months to a year. It occurs when the mucous membrane is exposed to smoke, exhaust gases and substances used in industrial activities.
3. Adenoviral - transmission of the virus occurs through the air. Common cause - epidemics in educational institutions.

The cause of the inflammation

Depending on the stimulus, the following types of disease are distinguished:

The viral type of the disease is most often spread due to the action of the herpes virus

• bacterial - develops under the influence of bacteria, can be diphtheria, pneumococcal, Trichomonas, gonorrheal, staphylococcal;
• traumatic - occurs due to thermal or chemical injuries;
• angular - appears under the influence of diplobacillus Morax - Axenfeld;
• viral - the disease develops under the influence of adenovirus or herpes virus;
• chlamydial - inflammation appears due to the ingress of chlamydia on the mucous membrane;
• fungal - inflammation is provoked by different types of fungus or arises as one of the symptoms of candidiasis or spirotrichelosis;
• dystrophic - the mucous membrane becomes inflamed due to exposure to paint, gas, gasoline or reagents;
• epidemic - the disease is provoked by the Koch-Weeks bacillus;
• papillary - above the mucous membrane under upper eyelid seals appear in the form of small grains due to a negative reaction to drugs;
• allergic - inflammation provokes wool, varnish, building materials, pollen, lint and other irritants;
• conflictual – allergic formcaused by tuberculin toxin is most dangerous for preschoolers.

Clinical form

By the nature of the substance separated from the eyes, conjunctivitis is:

• catarrhal - there is abundant purulent mucus discharge;
• filmy - a film on the mucous membrane often occurs as a complication of ARVI in children;
• follicular - allergy leads to the appearance of follicles on the conjunctiva;
• purulent - the course of the disease is accompanied by purulent discharge and sticking of the eyelids.

Pus type of the disease is characterized by secretions

The duration of the incubation period directly depends on the type of disease. For example, the epidemic type develops in a few hours, and the period of the appearance of negative symptoms of the viral form can take up to 1 week or more.

Which doctor should I go to?

If you suspect conjunctivitis, go through. If the examination and test results indicate a disease of a specific etiology, visit an infectious disease specialist, venereologist or phthisiatrician. Allergic type of conjunctivitis is treated, and the diagnosis of the viral form is confirmed.

Diagnostic methods

Techniques used to confirm or refute conjunctivitis:

1. Visual examination of the conjunctiva by an ophthalmologist. It will help to determine the type of disease and visual acuity.
2. RIF (immunofluorescence reaction) - detects the presence of antibodies to the pathogen in the patient's body using a smear-imprint. It is used to confirm the chlamydial form of conjunctivitis.
3. PCR (polymerase chain reaction) - is used to confirm or refute the viral form.
4. Examining eye swabs with a microscope - will help to identify the type of bacteria and determine its susceptibility to drugs using a bacteriological test.
5. Allergic tests - used to confirm or exclude an allergic type.
6. Biomicroscopy - Slit lamp examination. Identifies complications such as keratitis and uveitis.

The examination will make it clear the nature of the disease and prescribe additional examinations

Treatment of conjunctivitis with drugs

In the treatment of conjunctivitis, complex therapy is used, which is selected taking into account the severity of the condition, the pathogen and the presence of complications.

The main groups of medicines:

Type of medicines	Characteristics and examples of medicines
Antibiotics	They are used in the treatment of purulent, viral, bacterial and infectious form... To eliminate staphylococcus and chlamydia, Erythromycin ointment is used. Therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the use of Tetracycline ointment or Levomycetin drops. The bacterial form is treated with Floxal drops. Duration of treatment - until complete recovery, but not less than 7 days, even if the symptoms disappear earlier
Anti-inflammatory	Eliminate pus, puffiness and redness of the eyes in all forms of conjunctivitis. Examples of effective drugs: Diclofenac, Dexamethasone, Suprastin, Olopatodin, Fenistil, Oksial, Tobradex
Antiseptics	Eliminate the inflammatory process, relieve itching and burning in any form of the disease. This group includes: Albucid 20%, Pikloxidin, Yellow mercury ointment, Vitabact
Antiallergic	In the treatment of a disease resulting from various allergens, the following are used: Alomid, Lekrolin, Zyrtec drops

Erythromycin ointment is used as an antibiotic to eliminate staphylococcus and chlamydia

Therapy of the post-traumatic form is selected based on the degree of damage to the organ of vision - initially removed foreign body, after which medications are selected taking into account the existing symptoms.

An effective way to eliminate pus is to rinse the eyes with a solution of furacilin with water in a ratio of 1: 500 every 3 hours. At the end of the procedure, drip antibacterial drops.

Flush both eyes, even if only one has conjunctivitis.

If negative symptoms persist or progress, choose a different treatment regimen.

Contraindications for conjunctivitis

When treating in adults and children, it is contraindicated:

• bandaging the affected organ of vision - this will lead to the multiplication of harmful microorganisms and increase the risk of complications;
• visit the pool - chlorinated water will worsen the condition and intensify the manifestations of negative symptoms;
• drink alcohol - alcohol impairs the absorption of nutrients and inhibits the action medical supplies;
• drink coffee in large quantities - this product leads to poor circulation due to severe narrowing of the ophthalmic blood vessels;
• eat a lot of salty food - its excess leads to dehydration of the body and increases dryness of the eyes.

During treatment, alcoholic drinks are prohibited - this slows down the effect of drugs

It is contraindicated to start therapy without medical advice - incorrectly selected medications will worsen the condition and can turn the disease into a chronic form.

Potential consequences and complications

Untimely and incorrectly designed therapy leads to the development of the following complications:

• blepharitis - the inflammatory process leads to scarring of the cornea or skin of the eyelids;
• keratitis - characterized by the transition of infection to the cornea;
• simblefaron - adhesions appear on the conjunctival sac, most often with a traumatic, chlamydial or fungal form;
• dry eye - due to a violation of the composition of the lacrimal fluid, a burning sensation appears, severe dryness of the mucous membrane and a feeling of sand in the eyes;
• eversion of the lower eyelid;
• pneumonia;
• endophthalmitis - pus spreads throughout the entire internal structure of the eye.

Complications delay the treatment process, intensify the manifestation of negative symptoms and increase the risk of developing a chronic form of the disease.

Complicated conjunctivitis leads to serious vision problems, up to and including loss of vision.

Disease prevention

To prevent the onset of conjunctivitis, follow these guidelines:

• wash your hands before touching your face or eyes - poor hygiene can spread infection;
• use only personal hygiene products;
• exclude the ingress of the allergen on the mucous membrane;
• balance your diet;
• limit contact with infected people;
• do regular wet cleaning at home.

Good hygiene is the first step to your body's health

If the work is related to chemicals - wear safety glasses, respirator or mask.

The success of the treatment of conjunctivitis of the eyes largely depends on the correctly defined type of disease and the selected treatment regimen. The disease remains contagious for 2 weeks after the onset of the initial symptoms. Confirming the diagnosis early will help avoid transmission of the infection.