Candidiasis or thrush in children - what should parents do? Why does thrush occur in a child and its characteristic symptoms Candidiasis in a child 2 years old causes of appearance.

Most often, thrush at the age of 2 in children manifests itself in the form of candidal stomatitis, which most parents initially perceive as ORS, and therefore do not turn to the pediatrician in time. Another common form fungal infection in babies at this age is intestinal candidiasis, but genital thrush in a child of 2 years old is quite rare.

The frequency of occurrence of thrush in a child of 2 years old on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity is associated with the natural desire of the baby to explore the world, while children not only feel everything they can reach, but also try it “by the tooth”. In addition, the Candida fungus can enter the baby's body through various medical instruments during a visit to a clinic or hospital if the medical staff used non-sterile instruments. The genital form of the disease in children at this age is usually associated with the ingestion of the fungus on the genital mucosa. This can happen if a child sleeps in the same bed with parents, one of whom is sick with candidiasis. Infection, in this case, occurs through the bedding of the parents.

A feature of thrush in a child of 2 years and older is that the disease does not develop after the pathogen enters the body, as happens with respiratory infections, but only with a weakening of general or local immunity, mucosal dysbacteriosis. In other words, infection of children could occur several years before candidiasis began to manifest itself. Contributing factors may be diabetes, the constant stay of children in the room with high temperature and dry air, taking antibiotics for treatment various diseases.

Since young children are rarely able to explain what is happening to them, the main symptom of thrush will be white coating curd type on the surface of the mucosa at the site of the lesion. But if in oral cavity it is quite easy to notice it, then with the genital or intestinal form of the disease, timely diagnosis can be difficult due to the absence of specific symptoms.

White stools, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite in the intestinal form are clues. There may also be problems with urination and itching of the genitals with genital lesions.

As a means of treating thrush in a child of two years, both local antimycotics and antifungal drugs general action, as well as vitamins and other means of increasing the immunity of the child.

Thrush in children is the defeat of the body of a child by fungi from the genus Candida aged from birth to 18 years.

Candida is a fungus that is ubiquitous, including children. Most often, it is sown during adolescence in girls and in newborns of both sexes, although at other ages it is no exception.

Causes of candidiasis in children

The main reason for the development of thrush in infancy- this is infection from a sick mother both during childbirth and in the first days of a child's life.

During birth, the child, passing through the birth canal of the mother, collects fungi of the genus Candida on the skin and on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. During the first days of life, it multiplies intensively, and after a week the first manifestations appear. In the first days - months of a baby's life, you can get infected with thrush when bathing in the bathroom, which was previously taken by an infected family member.

Increase the risk of developing thrush:

• reduced immunity,
• prematurity,
• frequent colds in the baby,
• teething periods.

Antibiotics taken are also unfavorable, especially for a long time.

These factors contribute to the appearance of thrush at any age of the child.
Before the age of 2 years, frequent regurgitation of the child increases the risk of developing thrush in the oral cavity. They lead to the formation of an acidic environment, which is favorable for the rapid reproduction of fungi.

In adolescence, the main factors are hormonal changes in the body (especially in girls), frequent hypothermia and colds, and all the same antibiotics.

Symptoms

When the oral cavity is affected, candidal stomatitis develops.

It manifests itself with the following symptoms:

• Whitish coating in the mouth
• Redness of the mucous membrane in the mouth
• Refusal to eat
• The whims of a child

With the development of candidal vaginitis, the symptoms are the same as in adults:

• Vaginal discharge white color, cheesy consistency, with the smell of yeast or acid
• Itching of the genitals
• Redness of the genitals

Diagnostics

In order to make a correct diagnosis in the case of thrush in children, it is necessary to take discharge from the affected area (vagina or mouth). The doctor puts the contents of the discharge on a glass slide, dries, stains in a special way and examines it under a microscope. The diagnosis is confirmed by the presence of colonies of fungi in the field of view.

Treatment of thrush in children

The sooner treatment of thrush in children is started, the less painful and long it will take. In case of an undeveloped disease, when the lesion in the oral cavity is insignificant, it will be enough to wipe these places with a solution of baking soda. To do this, dissolve 1 teaspoon of soda in 1 glass of warm boiled water, moisten the finger on which the gauze is wound, and treat the baby's mouth every 2-3 hours.

With thrush of the genital organs in adolescents, the treatment corresponds to that in adults: tablets and:

Disease prevention

To prevent the development of thrush in infants, it is necessary to adhere to hygiene norms and rules:

• Sterilize bottle pacifiers and nipples
• Monitor the health of the gastrointestinal tract
• Do not bathe in a contaminated bathroom
• Treat in a timely manner

The emerging thrush causes a lot of uncomfortable symptoms in the child. Frequent exacerbations of the disease indicate that in the child's body there are signs of severe distress, which it signals with manifestations of candidiasis.

What it is?

Candidiasis is a disease that is caused by fungi. In everyday life, the name "thrush" stuck behind them. This is due to the presence of specific symptoms that occur with candidiasis. The disease usually proceeds in young children in different ways. In most cases, the course of the disease is mild form. In newborns, candidiasis develops more severely and is accompanied by the appearance of numerous uncomfortable symptoms that greatly worsen the baby's well-being.

The culprit of the disease is considered to be a special type of fungus - Candida. They may be present in small amounts healthy child. Under the influence of various provoking exogenous and endogenous factors, the number of candida in the body increases many times. The grown fungal colonies are able to settle on various mucous membranes. This causes numerous clinical variants of the disease with different localization.

The disease can occur in both girls and boys. According to statistics, cases of candidiasis are more often recorded in babies. This feature is due to the peculiarity of the structure and physiology female body. In the early childhood both boys and girls get candidiasis equally often. To eliminate the adverse symptoms of the disease requires the appointment of special treatment.

Causes

Currently, there are a huge number of provoking factors leading to increased growth and reproduction of fungal flora. Each age has its own leading causes contributing to the disease. Activation of fungal growth is possible in any physiological state, accompanied by a decrease in immunity.

To the most common reasons diseases include:

• Infection during childbirth. In this case, the infection of the child occurs at the moment when he passes through the birth canal. If the mother is sick with candidiasis, then the baby often has signs of this infection immediately after birth. In this situation, adverse symptoms of the disease can be detected already in the baby.
• Direct contact with mother. This form of the disease usually occurs in the first days after the birth of the baby. If a mother has signs of an acute form of candidiasis, then she can infect a newborn child with this disease. Premature babies are most susceptible to this type of infection.
• Failure to comply with the rules of personal hygiene. You can become infected with candidiasis by using other people's towels. There are also confirmed cases of the disease after bathing in an untreated bathroom with disinfectant solutions. The risk of infection in babies early age while higher than in older children.
• Prematurity. Babies born prematurely often have reduced performance immune system. Any infection, including a fungal one, easily causes infection and adverse symptoms in them.

• W disease or clinical conditions occurring with a violation of carbohydrate metabolism. Type 2 diabetes mellitus or alimentary obesity contribute to the development of thrush in babies. glycemia or increased content blood glucose provokes active growth and rapid reproduction of the fungal flora. Chronic metabolic disorders often contribute to the development of childhood candidiasis.
• Too long reception medicines. These include: antibacterial agents, cytostatics and steroid hormones. With their long-term use, the immune system is disrupted. Subsequently, this leads to the development in the child of signs of immunodeficiency conditions that contribute to the appearance of thrush.
• Frequent respiratory infections. Weakened babies have lower immunity. After heavy and frequent colds the body of the child is drastically weakened. In such children, as a rule, the growth of fungal flora increases, which leads to the appearance of signs of candidiasis.
• immunodeficiency states. They can be congenital and acquired as a result of various diseases. Insufficiently effective work of the immune system often contributes to the rapid growth of various opportunistic microorganisms, including Candida fungi. A prolonged decrease in immunity leads to the appearance of adverse symptoms of thrush in a child.
• Chronic diseases of internal organs. Pathologies of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract often contribute to the appearance of a fungal infection in the body. Disturbed digestion provokes the rapid development of fungi in children. If treatment chronic diseases organs of the gastrointestinal tract is not carried out to the full extent or is not selected correctly, this can cause the appearance of persistent thrush.

Kinds

Doctors distinguish several variants of the disease by localization:

• In the mouth. Settling in the mouth, fungi cause various numerous injuries. These include: cheilitis, stomatitis, gingivitis, glassitis. According to statistics, oral candidiasis is most often found in infants and schoolchildren. Newborn babies can become infected from the mother during breastfeeding.
• In the throat. A fairly rare form of candidiasis. Often given clinical appearance thrush masquerades as various childhood infections. To establish the correct diagnosis in this case, differential diagnosis is required. This type of candidiasis usually interferes with breathing and can be quite severe.
• On the face and around the eyes. This type candidiasis occurs with the appearance of lacrimation, severe swelling of the eyelids. In some cases, a white cloudy discharge flows from the eyes, which contains a large number of fungi. This form of candidiasis is dangerous with the appearance of complications - various visual impairments.

• In the intestines. The provoking cause in this case is often dysbacteriosis or chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Prolonged constipation contributes to the formation of anal forms of candidiasis in the baby. The treatment of such forms of thrush is carried out by a pediatric gastroenterologist.
• In the esophagus. Causes dyspepsia and provokes the appearance of heartburn. To detect candidiasis of the esophagus, it is necessary to conduct fibrogastroscopy with the collection of biological material for research. Such differential diagnosis performed to exclude various neoplasms in the esophagus.
• In the brain. Quite a rare clinical form, however, very dangerous. The course of the disease is extremely severe. The symptoms are similar to meningitis. To eliminate adverse symptoms, including severe headache and persistent nausea, large doses of antifungal drugs are used.

• Vaginal. It is the most common form. Localization - in the groin. In girls with this form of candidiasis, curdled discharge from the vagina appears. Many acute forms of thrush can become chronic.
• In the respiratory organs. Fungal flora contributes to the occurrence of candidal bronchitis. This disease causes the child to cough and difficulty breathing. The cough is most often dry, but sputum may appear when the bacterial flora is attached. In some cases, hoarseness or hoarseness of the voice appears, as well as the body temperature rises and intoxication increases.
• On hands. Most often, candida infection affects the nails. They become brittle and dull, and break and crumble quite easily. Numerous transverse white furrows appear on the upper surface of the nails.

Candida fungi love to settle on various mucous membranes, less often on the skin. This selective feature is caused by the peculiarity of their anatomical and physiological structure. It also causes a variety of different clinical variants of the disease.

Symptoms

Thrush flows with numerous clinical manifestations. They are quite hard to carry and bring the baby severe discomfort. The severity of symptoms can be different and depends on the initial state of the child before the disease.

The presence of the baby a large number chronic diseases or severe immunodeficiency significantly worsen the course of the disease and contribute to its transition to a chronic form.

The most common symptoms include:

• The appearance of a white curdled plaque. It can cover the damaged areas in a small amount or significantly. When touching the plaque, it begins to crumble and break. When trying to remove it, eroded areas remain on the mucous membranes, which can bleed. The color of the plaque is often white or with a grayish tinge.
• puffiness. As the fungi multiply, they cause severe inflammation. Inflammatory process provokes the appearance of tissue edema. Inflamed mucous membranes become dense, bright red. Swelling of the tongue leads to pain when swallowing, and also helps to reduce appetite.
• Sucking disorder. Oral forms of candidiasis cause feeding problems in infants. They are hardly able to suck their mother's milk. During feeding, the child becomes capricious, cries. Severe soreness in the oral cavity, as well as burning, leads to the fact that the baby is less and less attached to the mother's breast.

• Cracks in the corners of the mouth. Occurs with candidal cheilitis. This symptom can also be seen at home. Deep grooves appear in the outer corners of the mouth. While eating, they can be injured and bleed.
• Lachrymation and soreness of the eyelids. This symptom is characteristic of candidal conjunctivitis. Usually the process is two-way. The duration of the disease in this case varies. On average, it is about 2-3 weeks.
• Itching and burning on the genitals. Occurs with candidiasis of the intimate zone. They bring severe discomfort to the child and worsen his well-being.

• Frequent urination. Occurs with vaginal candidiasis, as well as with a fungal infection urinary tract. Portions of urine do not change, as does the total amount per day. Only the frequency and number of urges to urinate increases.
• Nausea and vomiting. Occurs with candidiasis of the gastrointestinal tract. To establish a diagnosis in this case is very difficult task. Nausea can be persistent and difficult to manage with conventional medications.
• Change skin and nails. By appearance may resemble dermatitis. In young children, it usually first appears in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe skin folds. In appearance, it may resemble small swollen bumps with cloudy contents inside.
• Violation of general well-being. Severe forms of candidiasis are accompanied by an increase in body temperature and an increase in intoxication symptoms. Pretty hard thrush also occurs in babies of the first year of life. The severity of the condition affects the behavior of the child. He becomes more lethargic and capricious, daytime sleepiness and some passivity increase, nervousness increases.

Diagnostics

Any mother can suspect the first signs of candidiasis. They are usually quite pronounced and are very specific. However, if clinical candidiasis signs are detected, it is imperative to show the baby to the doctor. The doctor will conduct a clinical examination, and in some cases also additional studies for differential diagnosis.

This is necessary in order to exclude all diseases that can be masked by candidiasis.

Usually with a candidal infection is prescribed:

• General blood analysis. Gives a descriptive picture of the presence of infection in the child's body. It also helps to establish the severity of functional disorders. This method is indicative and does not underlie the diagnosis.
• PCR. This method allows you to accurately detect the presence of the fungus in various biological material. For this test, a preliminary plaque sampling is required.
• Microscopy. A high resolution microscope can detect fungus in any environment. In some cases, for a more accurate result, doctors use pre-staining of the material. This helps to identify the fungus even in difficult diagnostic cases.
• Serology. With the help of RSK and agglutination reaction, candida fungi can be detected in urine, blood, discharge from the eyes, plaque from the vagina and other secrets. In some cases, this method is used to detect visceral forms of candidiasis or after a lumbar puncture.

Treatment

Candidiasis infection should be treated as quickly as possible, immediately after diagnosis. Delayed therapy can contribute to the progression of the disease and its transition to a chronic form. For treatment, various drugs are used that have a detrimental effect on the fungus, as well as improve immunity. To eliminate the symptoms of candidal infection in babies, various antifungal drugs are used. They can be systemic and local action.

The choice of remedy, its dosage and frequency of treatment is chosen by the attending physician based on the initial severity of the child's condition and the presence of concomitant diseases of internal organs.

Local treatment is carried out with various ointments that have a detrimental effect on candida fungi. These include: clotrimazole, pimafucin (natamycin), isoconazole (travogen), ketoconazole, triderm (effective for the treatment of foot candidiasis) and others. It usually takes about two weeks to eliminate the adverse symptoms of the disease. Longer use of medicinal ointments is discussed with your doctor. If the disease proceeds in a more protracted form, then the appointment of antifungal drugs with a systemic effect is already required. For amplification therapeutic effect fluconazole is added to local therapy.

He may be in various forms release: suspensions and capsules, as well as in tablets. Usually a dose of 6-8 mg / kg is used per day. The duration of treatment is set depending on the severity of the course of the disease.

Common forms of skin candidiasis are treated with the appointment of fluconazole at a dosage of 8-10 mg / kg per day. Usually the entire dose medicinal product taken once a day. Therapy for candidiasis of the skin also includes the appointment of local forms of antifungal drugs. The average duration of the course of treatment is usually 14-21 days.

For the treatment of inflamed and damaged by candidal infection of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, you can use hexoral or 2% solution of sodium digluconate. Areas should be treated 3-4 times a day. If the process proceeds in a mild form, then such local treatment is quite enough. When the disease recurs, it is required already the appointment of fluconazole (diflucan, mycosyst, medoflucon) inside.

In a hospital setting, neonatal infants may be given treatment regimens that include therapeutic doses of nystatin.

With candidiasis of the genital organs, you can use antifungal ointments. Suitable for this 1% clotrimazole and 1% travogen. Duration of prescription of drugs depends on the severity of the course of the disease and the severity clinical symptoms. With the ineffectiveness of local treatment, as well as with the deterioration of the condition, the appointment of systemic antifungal agents is required. Visceral candidiasis is a difficult task to treat. Usually, an appointment is required to eliminate adverse symptoms. complex therapy. With candidiasis of the gastrointestinal tract, treatment regimens are used that include the combined administration of fluconazole and nystatin at the same time. Fluconazole is prescribed at a dosage of 9-10 mg / kg of body weight, and nystatin 70,000-100,000 IU / day up to 3-4 times a day.

The duration of drug use depends on clinical form candidiasis, as well as its localization. On average, 1.5-2 weeks is enough to eliminate adverse symptoms. However, in some cases, longer treatment is required. Treatment must be chosen correctly in order to prevent possible relapses of the disease in the future. During the course of therapy, the effectiveness of the prescribed treatment is monitored. Also, doctors can prescribe a baby general analyzes blood. These tests are necessary to establish adverse adverse reactions from the side child's body at long-term use antifungal drugs.

At the end of the course of treatment, a complete laboratory control is necessarily carried out with the determination of the residual presence of fungi.

In the treatment of fungal infections, great attention should be paid to the nutrition of the baby. For the entire acute period of the disease, the child is prescribed a special diet. It completely excludes any sweet foods, as this promotes the growth of fungal flora. Also, all pickled and canned foods, spicy or spicy foods are removed from the diet. Food should be fractional, at least 4-5 times a day.

For cooking, it is better to use a slow cooker or a double boiler, stewing and steaming are allowed.

Prevention

Preventive measures play an important role in preventing candidiasis in babies. Regular adherence to simple rules will help keep the child's body healthy and protect against thrush. It is important to remember that they should be observed every day. Any violation can lead to the appearance of adverse symptoms of candidiasis.

In order not to get sick with thrush, you should:

• Strengthen immunity. This is facilitated by proper nutrition, healthy sleep, as well as optimally selected physical exercise. Severe stress significantly weakens the immune system. Excessive psycho-emotional stress is better to exclude. Regular hardening also improves immunity.
• Favorable indoor climate. Many doctors believe that excessive dryness in the children's room, as well as the wrong temperature, can lead to the development of candidiasis. For supporting good health child, try to monitor the humidity in the room. This will help special devices that humidify the air.
• Take walks outdoors. It has been scientifically proven that oxygen has a detrimental effect on various microorganisms. Regular walks outside will help better job immune system and improve the stamina of the baby.
• Observe the rules of personal hygiene. Regular handwashing, nipple care before and after breastfeeding, use of personal towels and washcloths for the shower - simple ways prevent the contact method of infection with candidiasis. All family members should follow the rules of personal hygiene. Toddlers should be taught to do this from the very early years life.

For information on how to treat oral candidiasis in children, see the following video.

To raise children healthy, parents should have an idea about the most common ailments, their signs and first aid. One of them is thrush in a child's mouth. How to treat it, and, most importantly, how to recognize the symptoms in time?

The medical name of the disease - candidiasis, or candidal stomatitis - comes from the name of the fungus that causes it (Candida albicans), which to some extent exists in the body of most people, but manifests itself only in certain favorable conditions. For example, with low human immunity.

Concern should be caused by the detected whitish plaque in the child's oral cavity. If at the beginning the thrush does not cause a special reaction in him, then over time, in the absence of proper measures, she will be very worried, since it usually proceeds hard.

Factors that lead to the development of the disease

There are several reasons that lead to the disease:

• reduced immune defense, including congenital;
• various kinds of infections;
• taking antibiotics and hormonal drugs;
• nutrition of poor quality, often - too sweet, a mixture;
• frequent regurgitation, because harmful fungi in an acidic environment multiply very quickly;
• ignoring elementary hygiene standards: breast treatment before feeding, sterilization of nipples and bottles.

Thrush in the mouth of a child is characterized by several pronounced symptoms. The article discusses in detail various drugs for the treatment of this disease.

Such an infection is transmitted both by the usual household and by airborne droplets. And even in the womb, if she was diagnosed with untreated urogenital thrush.

Symptoms of the disease

Thrush in the oral cavity of a child is recognized by the following signs:

• swelling and redness of the inner surface of the cheeks, tongue, tonsils, palate, gums (with a late form of their bleeding);
• the appearance of a white or yellowish coating, first on the tongue, and later on the gums, buccal mucosa, lips and pharynx;
• disturbance of appetite and sleep;
• tearfulness and irritability;
• temperature increase.

How is the disease in infants

Before proceeding with the treatment of infants, it is necessary to know the main symptoms of the disease:

• spots resembling curdled milk (hence the name), in the oral cavity, the mucous area around them is often inflamed;
• during feeding, the baby often abruptly throws the breast, starts crying or refuses to eat at all;
• growth of spots in the mouth to large films or cheesy plaque on the entire mucous membrane. Under it, if you try to remove it, red inflamed areas will be clearly visible.

More often than others, premature babies and those who are bottle-fed are susceptible to infection with thrush, since they are deprived of the protection of mother's milk, which contains substances that prevent the growth of pathogenic bacteria.

Methods for relieving symptoms

Until the doctor has examined the child and prescribed the necessary medications, which are usually based on Nystatin, his condition can be alleviated:

• carefully wiping his mouth with a swab from a sterile bandage moistened with a freshly prepared soda solution. Why you need to carefully dissolve one teaspoon of ordinary baking soda in a glass of boiled water at room temperature. During the day, this procedure should be repeated 4-5 times. Often the baby is naughty and does not want to open his mouth. You can lightly press your thumb on his chin and hold until the treatment is completed. Before and after breastfeeding, the nipples should be wiped with the same solution. It can also be used to disinfect bottles, nipples and toys;
• walks in the open air. It is necessary to systematically ventilate the baby's room, since dry air, as well as a lack of fluid intake, leads to drying out of the oral mucosa and a decrease in the amount of saliva that has protective properties, which contributes to the development of pathology;
• taking care of the baby with special diligence, excluding even the slightest irritation on his part.

Some mothers also use honey remedies to fight thrush (1 tsp of honey is dissolved in 2 tsp of cooled boiled water). Wipe the baby's mouth with it up to five times a day. Honey is an excellent antiseptic that prevents the growth of harmful bacteria and fungi. However, this method should be used with caution, being firmly convinced that the child is not allergic to this product.

And in all cases, it is necessary to call a pediatrician who will prescribe the necessary medications, mainly local action based on nystatin.

Four stages of development, acute and chronic forms

1. Initial when whitish grains appear on the tongue. They can be easily removed with a cotton swab. The child practically does not feel the disease.
2. Easy, characterized by a slight reddening of the mucosal surface, in rare cases - the appearance of a curdled plaque, an attempt to remove which can cause bleeding and pain in the baby. However, in most cases, this stage of childhood thrush is quite easy to treat.
3. Medium- cheesy plaque completely covers the oral cavity, small ulcers form under it, often bleeding. Cracks appear in the corners of the lips. It is clear that the child reacts painfully to all these things, especially when feeding, so he often refuses to eat.
4. heavy. Ulcers bleed profusely. The entire oral cavity and pharynx are covered with plaque, gradually it passes into the corners of the mouth, where ulcers appear. The disease is accompanied by the growth of the submandibular lymph nodes. The baby is in a lot of pain, he worries, cries, his temperature rises.

A severe or acute form of thrush in a child in the mouth, if you do not worry about how and what to treat in time, can become chronic when The lymph nodes thicken even more, the plaque turns brown. Pain and swelling increase. At this stage, the transition of the disease to other organs is possible.

Possible Complications

When thrush becomes chronic, complications arise:

• the disease can capture the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, urinary organs. In girls, for example, vulvovaginitis is often diagnosed - a form of thrush, accompanied by reddening of the genital organs, which leads to inflammation and disrupts their development;
• respiratory diseases (asthma, bronchitis) and ENT organs (otitis media, rhinitis);

• sepsis, in case of infection in the lymphatic system or blood;
• dehydration and exhaustion of the child's body. If he cannot take food and water, then inpatient treatment is necessary.

Effective Treatments

Judging by the signs, there is no doubt that it is the thrush in the child's mouth. What to treat can only be determined by a doctor.

Methods are usually of two categories:

• medical;
• traditional or folk.

Medical therapy is usually prescribed for acute forms thrush, and, extremely rarely, infants under six months of age. Traditional, or folk, methods are resorted to when the disease is initial stage and especially the baby is not worried.

Stages of treatment of children's thrush

The sequence of treatment largely determines its success:

1. Cleaning the mouth. To clean the inflamed oral cavity of a child, it is better to use a sterile cotton ball, moistening it with a weak aqueous solution potassium permanganate, a one percent solution of hydrogen peroxide, a one to two percent aqueous solution of tannin or 0.25 percent borax.

Do not try to remove all plaque, because. possible injury to the inflamed areas under it can cause pain to the child. It is preferable to simply moisten intensively.

1. Treatment with antiseptic solutions. The inflamed areas that have opened after cleaning the oral mucosa should be lubricated with a 1-2% hydro-solution of aniline dye, sold by state pharmacies with their own laboratories. For example, gentian violet, Lugol's aqueous solution in proportions of 1/3 or 0.25% solution of silver nitrate. Processing should be carried out daily every 2-3 hours, no more than five times.
2. Application of antifungal drugs. A suspension of nystatin can be applied to the affected areas of the oral cavity, for which one crushed tablet is dissolved in slightly warm water. Fenistil is also used - an antihistamine gel, lubricating the area around the mouth with it, preventing it from getting into the mouth and eyes of the child.

Treatment of thrush in the mouth in newborns

According to many pediatricians, a mild degree of thrush in newborns does not require treatment. Enough measures to alleviate the condition. Keep the baby's room clean, do not forget to ventilate, make sure that the air temperature does not exceed 19-20 °, and humidity - 60%.

Clean the baby's nose in time to prevent the mucous membrane from drying out, which is prone to this during such a period, which will avoid the appearance of cracks - a favorable environment for the development of fungi, they will stop growing and the thrush will stop.

If there is a neglected thrush in a child’s mouth, there is no doubt about how to treat it: it will take drug therapy. You can use, for example, Flucytosine - powder for suspension. The average daily dose is 100 mg/kg. The duration of treatment is about 7 days.

But you need to clearly know that the drug can only be prescribed qualified specialist, since a number of medicines for a newborn are simply contraindicated. In addition, many pediatricians generally consider it unacceptable to use medication in the treatment of thrush in a baby under six months of age.

And they offer the following:

• at the initial stage of the disease, clean the oral cavity of a newborn with a soda hydro solution (a teaspoon per glass of boiled water) or warm decoctions of chamomile, sage, thyme (bathing a baby is also useful with such decoctions);
• before feeding, treat the breast with a weak solution of soda or, if the child is already older three months, - honey;
• At the end of feeding, give the baby water to drink to wash off the remaining milk from the tongue.

Usually such gentle treatment is carried out for at least 2 weeks. It should not be stopped earlier, even if there are clear signs of improvement, since the disease can easily return.

Drug treatment of thrush in the mouth in children from 6 months to a year

With a severe form of thrush in a child in the mouth, what to treat is determined solely by the doctor, whose recommendations must be strictly followed, otherwise relapses may occur. As a rule, in such cases, antifungal and iron-containing drugs are prescribed.

• Ointment or tablets Nystatin. First treat the affected areas of the mucosa at least 2 times a day. Both substances are usually non-addictive and highly effective. However, they may cause allergic reaction baby, so you have to be careful.
• A solution or ointment of Miramistin, which has no taste and does not irritate the mucous membranes of the mouth, so children tolerate them well. Such a remedy is often prescribed in parallel with antibiotics to enhance the effect of the latter.
• Fast-acting anti-inflammatory gel (two minutes after application) Cholisal is used to anesthetize the affected areas of the oral mucosa. Used to facilitate the feeding process.
• Candida solution for treating infected areas.
• Specialized antifungal drugs Fluconazole, Futsis DT, Mikosist. The doctor determines the dose individually, taking into account the weight of the child.

Medical treatment for older children

If the child can rinse his mouth on his own, the solution will require 10 ml of saline, 1 crushed tablet of Nystatin and 1 ampoule of vitamin B12. From the age of 3, Maxicold ENT or Hexoral antiseptic sprays are suitable.

Also used:

• Kanesten solution with pronounced antifungal activity - no more than 3 times a day;
• preparations containing iron, for example, Ferrum-Lek, as well as calcium;
• B vitamins

In acute forms of the disease:

• Diflucan;
• Pimafucin;
• Nizoral;
• Candide;
• Fluconazole.

The dose of drugs and the duration of treatment (usually at least 2 weeks) is determined solely by the doctor. In addition, some experts believe that drugs such as Diflucan, Flucostat are only suitable for adults, because. contain substances harmful to the child.

When treating a baby with antibiotics, it is unacceptable to stop it on your own, follow all the recommendations of a specialist. Otherwise, there is a risk of exacerbation of the disease and its more severe consequences.

Treatment of a fungal disease with folk remedies

"Grandmother's" ways to deal with thrush in a child's mouth are usually effective when the disease is not running and the task of treating it is not acute.

Among them:

• decoction medicinal plants: St. John's wort, calendula, chamomile, oak bark, sage (a tablespoon of each is poured with a glass of boiling water, allowed to cool) perfectly fights fungal plaque in the oral cavity. However, when processing, it is necessary to use as little of it as possible, since ingestion can cause an allergic reaction in the baby;
• aloe juice. Bitter, and therefore the baby will certainly take it with hostility, but the method of cleaning the mucosa with its help is very effective;
• mixture of honey and raspberry juice. To cook it, you need to take them in equal amounts and boil three times. The cooled mix is ​​applied to the affected areas of the oral cavity. True, the attitude of doctors to this method is ambiguous, many reject it, although it is quite widespread. They are motivated by the fact that both raspberry juice and honey contain substances that can, under certain conditions, worsen clinical picture. Besides, not all children tolerate honey;
• already known solution baking soda, which lubricates the inflamed areas every 2-3 hours.

Features of the treatment of thrush in the mouth after taking antibiotics

In order to prevent the disease of thrush, first of all, you should take care of strengthening the immune system. This is much more difficult when it becomes necessary to take antibiotics and the body loses both natural defenses and a lot of beneficial microorganisms. In this case, the treatment of thrush should be approached very carefully.

It is usually combined

• mandatory pre-treatment of the affected oral cavity with the same solution of soda or potassium permanganate. Immediately after the procedure, spraying the inner surface of the cheeks, gums and tongue with Miramistin in the form of a spray;
• taking Nystatin tablets (more often in combination with antibiotics, but you can do it alone). The dose and duration of treatment is determined by the doctor, guided by the severity of the disease and the age of the small patient;
• after meals (daily no more than four times) applying Holisal gel to the diseased areas of the mucous membrane, which will not only allow them to be disinfected, but also to anesthetize, because the drug has an anesthetic effect.

Often, in order to quickly restore the microflora, doctors prescribe special drugs, such as Linex, Bifidumbacterin, Trilakt.

1. Linex- a probiotic in the form of capsules containing live bacteria. For babies under two years old, the contents of the capsule are divided into 3 doses and dissolved in water. Three-year-olds and older can be given 1 capsule per day as a whole.
2. Bifidumbacterin also saturated with live bacteria, available in various forms: powder, substance in ampoules or capsules. What is preferable in a particular case, the pediatrician will advise. More often, parents use a liquid concentrate without dissolving or diluting it first. Babies up to a year are given 1 ml, from a year to three - 2 ml, older - 2-3 ml.
3. Trilact in the form of an emulsion is taken orally, moreover, it can be given to children over 1.5 years old. About the appointment of his baby younger age The doctor alone makes the decision. The dose in normal cases for two-year-olds is 1.5 ml; 3-7 years - 2.5 ml, always 1 time before breakfast.

Diet during treatment

A nursing mother should during this period forget about the use of the following products:

• spicy, salty and sour
• sweets;
• dairy products;
• mushrooms;
• grape;
• smoked products, spices;
• pastries, especially from yeast dough;
• carbonated drinks, coffee, black tea.

Preference should be given to boiled lean meat and foods with a predominance of vegetable fiber. And be sure not to stop breast-feeding child.

If the baby is older and his diet is expanded, then during the period of illness, his food should be dominated by:

• thoroughly boiled lean meat and fish;
• boiled eggs and potatoes;
• baked apples;
• chamomile tea;
• semi-liquid cereals;
• clean drinking water.

In conclusion, we emphasize: the first thing to do when a thrush is found in a child’s mouth and the question arose of how to treat it is not to panic and contact a pediatrician.

Only he can prescribe the treatment responsibly and correctly, determine its duration and the dosage of the necessary drugs. Subject to these requirements, thrush is quite easily treated and, as a rule, does not entail dangerous relapses.

Video about thrush in the mouth in children: symptoms and treatment of the disease

How to treat thrush in the mouth in infants:

Symptoms of thrush in the mouth and methods of treatment:

Diseases caused by Candida fungi often occur in women different ages. Thrush in girls is not uncommon. The most vulnerable to this disease are children aged 2 years or more and adolescents during puberty (candidiasis occurs in girls 12 years of age and older). Very often, parents are simply not aware of the causes and symptoms of this problem.

Features of the course of the disease

Candida bacteria can be in everyone human body including young children and even newborn babies. A woman can be a carrier of this infection all her life, but there may not be obvious external signs of the disease.

Unfortunately, the percentage of girls and women facing candidiasis is very high. There are more than 30 percent of cases when candidiasis was found in children at the age of 2 years.

The terrible fact remains that only half of the sick people seek help in time. This half has a chance of a full recovery. For the rest, precious time was lost, and the disease can recur every time the protective functions of the body decrease. Therefore, treatment should be long and thorough. An advanced form of the disease can cause problems associated with conceiving a child or even lead to inability to bear children. Because of the threat of such complications, this delicate problem should be approached thoroughly.

Thrush in young children

The likelihood of infection with thrush is high even in the prenatal period of fetal development. Most often, this disease affects newborn babies who have weak immunity; babies whose treatment is associated with taking antibiotics and children suffering from dysbacteriosis. If the child is not yet 2 years old, then he is at risk. Candidiasis can be caused by a decrease in immunity and some inflammatory processes.

A dangerous age for the occurrence of fungal infections is considered to be a period of 5-7 years. Parents are no longer so carefully monitor the personal hygiene of girls. A child at this age cannot yet pay the necessary attention to the cleanliness of the genitals. All this can lead to itching and scratching, and subsequently to the development of infections.

Thrush in adolescence

The next period, which requires increased attention from parents, begins at the age of 12. This age is characterized by active puberty, which manifested through menstruation. This period is very difficult for both teenagers and parents. Teenagers refuse to talk on sensitive topics with adults. This is due to hormonal surges and instability of the nervous system.

It will be great if the teenager's mother tells herself about the expected changes in the child's body. The first menstruation can cause a strong emotional overstrain. The main manifestations of this disease occur before menstruation in girls. The most common cause of thrush at age 12 is poor personal hygiene. Often, thrush in girls occurs due to the use of poor-quality hygiene products.

In addition, a teenage girl at this age begins to be interested in bright and spectacular things, which include underwear. Girls at this age should be explained that the linen presented in the markets or in shop windows is very often of poor quality. And it can be harmful to health. In a female teenager during puberty, there are constant changes in the microflora of the genital organs. Compliance with the rules of personal hygiene big role given to parents of teenagers. It will be easier and more pleasant for a girl to communicate on this topic in a family where warmth and mutual understanding reign.

Symptoms of thrush in girls

Symptoms of thrush in girls are as follows:

• itching of the genitals;
• white discharge from the vagina;
• urination accompanied by pain.

Parents should be prepared for the fact that sooner or later a teenager will face this problem.

The health of the child depends on the correct actions of the parents.

It is easier to prevent the disease than to spend a lot of effort and money on long-term treatment. This also applies to thrush. You shouldn't run this disease. Thrush in girls makes itself felt even in the early stages. Therefore, it is very easy to find it. The first signs of the disease can be dealt with both with antifungal ointments and decoctions based on chamomile and oak bark. Parents of girls should clearly understand that the treatment of candidiasis at home is just a process of relieving inflammation.

You should definitely consult with a teenage doctor or make an appointment with a gynecologist. Treatment will help prevent relapses.

Choice of treatments

Treatment of candidiasis takes place for each teenager individually. If candidiasis in girls is still on early stage, treatment can be limited to topical preparations. For girls with a fungal disease, special attention should be paid to the hygiene of the genital organs, not only during menstruation, but every day. Change pads preferably every 2-4 hours. After all, they gather a lot of pathogens of various diseases.

Tampons are out of the question. Effective local treatment consists in the use of creams, suppositories and tablets designed specifically for the vagina. All these drugs are sold and dispensed in pharmacies without prescriptions.

Effective treatment is carried out with the help of Epigen Intim. It should be used within a week. Epigen Intimate will help restore the intimate microflora of girls and prevent relapse.

In order to avoid thrush in adolescents, parents must teach their children simple rules personal hygiene:

• The genitals should be washed with soap only once a day. Excess soap leads to the destruction of the alkaline balance. For best effect a small amount of soda or furacilin can be added to the water.
• Linens need to be changed every day. Preference should be given to natural materials.
• Treatment should be without antibiotics.
• You should not get involved in fatty and junk food.

By adhering to the above rules, you can avoid thrush in girls.

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Symptoms and treatment of thrush in a child of 2 years

Most often, thrush at the age of 2 in children manifests itself in the form of candidal stomatitis, which most parents initially perceive as ORS, and therefore do not turn to the pediatrician in time. Another common form of fungal infection in babies at this age is intestinal candidiasis, but genital thrush in a 2-year-old child is quite rare.

The frequency of occurrence of thrush in a child of 2 years old on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity is associated with the natural desire of the baby to explore the world around him, while children not only feel everything they can reach, but also try it “by the tooth”. In addition, the Candida fungus can enter the baby's body through various medical instruments during a visit to a clinic or hospital if the medical staff used non-sterile instruments. The genital form of the disease in children at this age is usually associated with the ingestion of the fungus on the genital mucosa. This can happen if a child sleeps in the same bed with parents, one of whom is sick with candidiasis. Infection, in this case, occurs through the bedding of the parents.

A feature of thrush in both a child of 2 years and older is that the disease does not develop after the pathogen enters the body, as happens with respiratory infections, but only with a weakening of general or local immunity, mucosal dysbacteriosis. In other words, infection of children could occur several years before candidiasis began to manifest itself. Contributing factors in this case can be diabetes mellitus, the constant stay of children in a room with high temperature and dry air, taking antibiotics to treat various diseases.

Since young children are rarely able to explain what is happening to them, the main symptom of thrush will be a white curd-type coating on the surface of the mucosa at the site of the lesion. But if it is easy enough to notice it in the oral cavity, then with the genital or intestinal form of the disease, timely diagnosis can be difficult due to the absence of specific symptoms.

White stools, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite in the intestinal form are clues. There may also be problems with urination and itching of the genitals with genital lesions.

As a means of treating thrush in a child of two years, both local antimycotics and general antifungal drugs, as well as vitamins and other means of increasing the child's immunity, can be used.

Treatment of thrush in children in the groin area

Candidiasis occurs not only in adults who lead an unhealthy lifestyle, ignore hygiene standards and do not control their own health. Infants and teenagers suffer from it.

The area of ​​distribution of the disease in them is not limited to the oral cavity, as most mothers think. And thrush in children in the groin area has a slightly different treatment than in adults.

Why do children suffer from candidiasis

Fungal infection is caused by microorganisms of the genus candida. They are not taken from the outside, but are constantly present in different parts of the human microflora. Activation of the fungus in children of different ages is possible for many reasons:

• Babies can get it during birth if the mother had the infection at the time of birth. Often, thrush tends to worsen during pregnancy or occur for the first time in this particular period. This is facilitated by a decrease in immunity, characteristic of the state, as well as hormonal changes. In most infants, the infection is localized in the mouth, but its spread in the groin area is facilitated by increased skin moisture, frequent exposure to wet diapers, and incompletely developed immunity. Due to anatomical features, girls are more often affected;
• Adolescents can also get thrush from their mother, but weak immunity and frequent colds, allergies to plant pollen or other irritants, poor genital hygiene, frequent use of antibiotics, diabetes mellitus, causing excessive sweating. Do not think that before the menarche, candidiasis does not threaten the girl. Such cases also occurred, because the female genital organs have many folds in which the fungus can perfectly settle down. Another reason for its activation may be vitamin deficiency. It helps to reduce immune forces.

How to recognize candidiasis

Thrush in children in the groin area different stages, therefore, it may first manifest itself as dry skin in this place. As it develops, there are:

• Small spots of red color with clearly visible borders;
• Liquid-filled bubbles with a clear border;
• Merged groups of erosive spots, covered with white and grayish coating causing discomfort;
• Redness of the vulva and vagina, swelling. They feel itching and burning, and a white film with a characteristic odor is found on the surface. The mucosa under the plaque acquires a purple color, becomes wrinkled;
• Curdled discharge from the vagina, smelling of sour milk;
• Discomfort during urination;
• Increased burning sensation, swelling of the genital organs and itching before menstruation in adolescents.

How to save a child from inguinal candidiasis

Candidiasis in children, manifested in the groin area, needs preliminary diagnosis. Despite the obviousness of the symptoms, this is necessary to establish the subspecies of the fungus. Thus, the treatment will be more accurate.

This will determine the greatest sensitivity to one of the types of antimycotic drugs. And ultrasound will also give an idea of ​​the prevalence of the pathological process.

Newborns and treatment of inguinal thrush

Thrush in children under one year old in the inguinal region should be treated mainly locally. However, it all depends on the breadth of the process. If the degree of tissue damage is high, the specialist may prescribe injections of Fluconazole or Diflucan. But this is extremely rare with extensive damage, not only in the groin area.

Creams are used as a local therapy to counter candidiasis on the skin in this area in babies:

• Natamycin;
• Nystatin;
• Iconazole;
• Miconazole;
• Econazole;
• Sertaconazole.

With the use of drugs, certain conditions of the child's life should be combined:

• Timely replacement of diapers and diapers, compliance with all hygiene standards for the baby and all family members;
• Refusal of aggressive means for washing away;
• Air baths;
• Frequent exposure to fresh air.

To cleanse the mucosa from cheesy plaque, you can use a soda solution or honey water, if the pediatrician does not mind. The first remedy is prepared from 1 tsp. powder and 200 ml of warm water. Wipe the mucous membrane with a soda solution twice a day, moistening a cotton pad with the agent. Honey water is made from 1 tsp. product for twice the volume of water. Use the same way as soda solution.

Therapy for candidiasis in the groin in adolescents

Thrush in adolescents in the groin area should be treated systemically, that is, include:

• Means for topical application;
• Antifungal tablets or capsules;
• Medicines that stimulate the immune system;
• Compositions for the restoration of microflora.

Local therapy comes to the fore, these are vaginal suppositories:

• Natamycin;
• Levorin;
• Polygynax;
• Clotrimazole.

Simultaneously with them, a soda solution or a decoction of chamomile is used for washing. On the skin in the groin area, it is worth doing applications with an ointment based on the listed substances, as well as means:

With extensive damage by the fungus, especially a recurrent disease, the use of tablets is indicated:

• Nizoral;
• Diflucan;
• Fluconazole;
• Amphoglucamine.

The use of external preparations with them is also necessary.

To maintain the body's defenses in working condition, immunomodulators, vitamins, tincture of Eleutherococcus are needed. Some people need to restore the vaginal microflora with Bifikol or Lactobacterin.

Mandatory treatment support

Simultaneously with treatment, it is necessary to eliminate the conditions conducive to the occurrence of candidiasis:

• Monitor the hygiene of the girl, carefully choose means for washing. They should not greatly dry the skin and mucous membranes. Towel for the procedure you need a separate, daily replaced. The underwear worn by the child must be fresh, suitable in size, made of natural fabric;
• Control food. At least for the duration of the disease, fast carbohydrates, smoked meats, and salt should be excluded, which provoke irritation of the surfaces of the skin and mucous membranes, as they cause the formation of substances that support the existence of the fungus;
• Protect from stress. Exacerbated nervous reactions characteristic of adolescents lead to skin manifestations, including the expansion of the area of ​​candidiasis. Psychological problems are aggravated by other signs of the disease: itching in the perineum, burning.

This is the case when prevention stronger than drugs. It is better to carry it out to the mother before and while waiting for the newborn.