Why do antidepressants increase activity. Warning Signs: When to Take Antidepressants

Update: October 2018

Depression can be described as a general emotional exhaustion. As a rule, this is due to the inability to solve an important, from the point of view of this person, task. When a person is suppressed by external circumstances and fails to adequately realize their desires and ambitions, the body may well respond with situational depression.

Another common type of depressive disorder is somatic depression. At the same time, mental discomfort results in diseases. internal organs (peptic ulcer, hormonal disorders, cardiovascular problems).

Depression is also known against the background of fluctuations in the level of sex hormones (in menopause or after childbirth) as a result of prolonged stress, chronic or terminal illness, injury or disability.

In general, depression is irritability multiplied by weakness against the background of a low level of your own pleasure hormones (enkephalins and endorphins) in the brain, which leads to dissatisfaction with yourself and the surrounding reality in the absence of the strength to radically change anything.

Possible workarounds are support from the environment, a specialist (psychiatrist or psychologist) and / or medical care. With a favorable set of circumstances, this will help to choose new priorities in life and get rid of the very reason that entailed a painful state of mind.

Medicines used to treat depression are called antidepressants. Their use has made a splash in psychiatry and has significantly improved the prognosis of patients with depression, as well as significantly reduced the number of suicides on the background of depressive disorders.

Antidepressants without a prescription

Today, only the lazy do not deal with depression. Psychologists with teacher education, coach trainers of all stripes, traditional healers and even hereditary witches. All this heterogeneous company nevertheless reads something on the problem and understands that it is unlikely that it will be possible to cure a real clinically pronounced depression simply by talking and laying on hands.

Yes, and many who feel that they have begun to fall into a pit of a depressive state, but are afraid to contact a psychiatrist, do not mind taking drugs that could simply be bought without a prescription at a pharmacy. This is because the system psychiatric care in our country it still looks more like a light mixture of the army and the bazaar, because either immediately “registered” or for money!

Let's immediately disappoint the audience with the message that antidepressants today are prescription drugs. If in some commercial pharmacy, in violation of the rules, they sell something without a prescription, then antidepressants do not become OTC from this. They have a lot of serious side effects therefore, the expediency of their intake, individual selection of dosages should be carried out only by the attending physician.

One of the light antidepressants sold without a prescription can be considered Afobazole (270-320 rubles. 60 tablets). Indications: in somatic diseases with adaptation disorders - irritable bowel syndrome, bronchial asthma, ischemic heart disease, hypertension, arrhythmias. With anxiety, neurasthenia, oncological and dermatological. diseases. With sleep disorders (), with symptoms of PMS, neurocirculatory dystonia, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, when quitting smoking to alleviate the withdrawal syndrome. Contraindications:Increased individual sensitivity, children under 18 years of age, during pregnancy and lactation. Application: after meals, 10 mg 3 times a day, no more than 60 mg per day, the course of treatment is 2-4 weeks, it is possible to extend the course up to 3 months. Side effects: allergic reactions.

Unfortunately, simply taking some kind of antidepressant and hoping for a quick release from depression is a hopeless business. After all, there are different types of depression. On the same dosages of the same depression medication, one patient achieves a complete clinical recovery, while another is just beginning to develop suicidal thoughts.

What are the best antidepressants to take

Any sane person understands that it is better to be treated with those drugs that are prescribed by a specialist who understands this, is guided by the standards of treatment, information about the drug and his clinical experience in using the drug.

Turning your own precious body into a testing ground for antidepressants is, at the very least, imprudent. If such a fixed idea has already been visited, then it is better to find some Institute of Psychiatry, where programs for the clinical testing of medicines are regularly held (at least you will receive competent advice and free treatment).

In general, antidepressants are drugs that elevate mood, improve overall mental well-being and also cause emotional uplift without falling into euphoria or ecstasy.

Names of antidepressants

Antidepressants can be divided depending on the effect on the processes of inhibition. There are drugs with a calming, stimulating and balanced effect.

• Calming: Amitriptyline, Pipofezin (Azaphen), Mianserin (Lerivon), Doxepin.
• Stimulants: Metralindol (Inkazan), Imipramine (Melipramine), Nortriptyline, Bupropion (Wellbutrin), Moclobemide (Aurorix), Fluoxetine (Prozac, Prodel, Profluzak, Fluval).
• Balanced drugs: Clomipramine (Anafranil), Maprotiline (Ludiomil), Tianeptine (Coaxil), Pyrazidol.

All of them are divided into seven large groups, each of which has its own indications and preferences for certain manifestations of depression.

Tricyclic antidepressants

These are first generation drugs. They interfere with the reuptake in the nerve synapse of norepinephrine and serotonin. Due to this, these mediators accumulate in the nerve junction and accelerate the transmission of the nerve impulse. These funds include:

• Amitriptyline, Doxepin, Imipramine
• Desipramine, Trimipramine, Nortriptyline

Due to the fact that this group of drugs has quite a few side effects (dry mouth and mucous membranes, constipation, difficulty urinating, heart rhythm disturbances, hand tremors, visual impairment), they are used less and less.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

• Sertraline - Aleval, Asentra, Zoloft, Seralin, Stimuloton
• Paroxetine - Paxil, Reksetin, Adepress, Pleasil, Actaparoxetine
• Fluoxetine - Prozac, Fluval, Prodel
• Fluvoxamine - Fevarin
• Citalopram - Oprah, Cipralex, Selectra

Such antidepressants are preferred for neurotic depression, accompanied by fears, aggression,. Side effects of these medicines not extensive. The main one is nervous excitement. But large doses or an overdose can lead to the accumulation of serotonin and serotonin syndrome.

This syndrome is manifested by dizziness, trembling of the limbs, which can develop into convulsions, increased blood pressure, nausea, diarrhea, increased motor activity, and even mental disorders.

That is why popular and good antidepressants like fluoxetine (Prozac), which enterprising pharmacists sometimes sell without a prescription, if taken uncontrollably or in excess of doses, they can bring a person from banal mood disorders to a convulsive seizure with loss of consciousness, hypertensive crisis or hemorrhages in the brain, or even completely to the “move the roof”.

Selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors

They work similarly to the drugs of the previous group. Milnacipran and venlafaxine are indicated for depression with obsessive states or phobias. Of the side effects, they are characterized headache, drowsiness, anxiety.

Heterocyclic antidepressants

Heterocyclic antidepressants (with receptor action) are preferred in the elderly and in combinations of depression with sleep disorders. Cause drowsiness, may increase appetite and contribute to weight gain.

• Mianserin (Lerivon), Nefazodon
• Mirtazapine (Remeron), Trazodone (Trittico)

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Drugs of choice for depressive disorders panic attacks, fear of open spaces, with psychosomatic manifestations (when depression provokes internal illnesses). They are divided into:

• irreversible - Tranylcypromine, Phenelzine
• reversible - Befol, Pyrazidol (Normazidol), Moclobemide (Aurorix)

Serotonin reuptake activators - new generation antidepressants

Able to cope with the symptoms of depression in one week. They are effective in somatized depression with palpitations, headaches. They are also used for depression of an alcoholic nature or depression with psychosis against the background of cerebrovascular accidents. But these drugs can be addictive like opiates, these include: Tianeptine (Coaxil).

These strong over-the-counter antidepressants were no longer sold after several years across the post-Soviet space many lovers of inexpensive highs misused them. The result of such experiments was not only multiple inflammation and thrombosis of the veins, but also a shortening of life up to 4 months from the start of systematic use.

Antidepressants of different groups

• Buspirone (Spitomin), Nefazadone
• Heptral (see)
• Bupropion (Wellbutrin)

List of new generation antidepressants

The most popular today are drugs from the group of selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake blockers.

• Sertraline(Serlift, Zoloft, Stimuloton) is the "gold standard" in the treatment of depression today. It is compared with other drugs in terms of effectiveness. It is preferred in the treatment of depression associated with overeating, obsessions and anxiety.
• Venlafaxine(Venlaxor, Velaksin, Efevelon) - prescribed for depression against the background of more severe mental disorders(eg schizophrenia).
• Paroxetine(Paxil, Reksetin, Adepress, Cyrestill, Pleasil) - effective for mood disorders, melancholy and inhibited depression. Also removes anxiety, suicidal tendencies. Treats personality disorders.
• Opipramol- the best option for somatized and alcoholic depression, as it inhibits vomiting, prevents convulsions, stabilizes the autonomic nervous system.
• Light antidepressants are fluoxetine (Prozac), which are somewhat weaker but milder than other serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

Antidepressants and tranquilizers: difference between groups

In addition to antidepressants, tranquilizers are also used in the treatment of depression:

• This group of medicines eliminates the feeling of fear, emotional stress and anxiety.
• At the same time, drugs do not violate memory and thinking.
• Additionally, tranquilizers are able to prevent and remove convulsions, relax muscles, normalize the work of the autonomic nervous system.
• In medium doses, tranquilizers reduce arterial pressure, normalize heart rate and blood circulation in the brain.

Thus, tranquilizers differ from antidepressants mainly by the opposite effect on the autonomic nervous system. Also, tranquilizers have the greatest effect on fear and anxiety, which can be removed even with a single dose, and antidepressants require a course of treatment. Tranquilizers are more likely to cause dependence and their withdrawal syndrome is more pronounced and severe.

The main side effect of the group is addiction. Also, drowsiness, muscle weakness, lengthening of reaction time, unsteady gait, speech disorders, urinary incontinence, weakening of sexual desire may also develop. In case of an overdose, paralysis of the respiratory center and respiratory arrest may develop.

With the abrupt cancellation of tranquilizers after their long-term use, a withdrawal syndrome may develop, manifested by sweating, trembling of the limbs, dizziness, sleep disturbances, intestinal dysfunctions, headache, drowsiness, increased sensitivity to sounds and smells, tinnitus, reality perception disorders, depression.

Benzodiazepine derivatives	Heterocyclic drugs
They remove all types of anxiety, are effective in sleep disorders, panic attacks, fears, obsessive-compulsive disorders. Bromazepam pexotan Diazepam (apaurin, relium) Chlordiazepaxide (Elenium) Nitrazepam Mezepam Clonazepam Alprozolam (Xanax) Zopiclone (Imovan)	These are the new tranquilizers. The most popular is buspirone, which combines the properties of a tranquilizer and an antidepressant. Its mechanism of action is based on the normalization of serotonin transmission. Buspirone perfectly calms, neutralizes anxiety, has an anticonvulsant effect. Does not cause lethargy and weakness, does not violate memory, memorization and thinking. Can be combined with alcohol, is not addictive. Ivadal Zoligdem Buspirone (Spitomin)
Triazolbenzodiazepine agents	Glycerol analogs– Equanil (Meprobomat) Diphenylmethane analogues- Hydroxyzine (Atarax), Benactizine (Amizil)
Used for depression in combination with anxiety: Midazolam (Dormicum)

An Overview of Herbal Antidepressants (Over the Counter)

Often, antidepressants include herbal sedatives, which are not any antidepressants:

• Preparations of Valerian, Melissa, Peppermint, Motherwort
• Combined tablets - Novopassit, Persen, Tenoten - These are sedatives that will not help with depression.

The only thing medicinal plant with antidepressant properties - it is perforated and preparations based on it, which are prescribed for mild depressive states.

There is one thing: to eliminate the manifestations of depression, synthetic drugs that are ten times more effective than St. John's wort, you have to drink courses for several months. Therefore, St. John's wort will have to be brewed, insisted in kilograms, and consumed in liters, which, of course, is inconvenient, and inappropriate, although it can somewhat distract from sad thoughts about the frailty of everything during depression.

The pharmacological industry offers St. John's wort in tablet form without a prescription as a mild antidepressant (nootropic) for psychovegetative disorders, neurotic reactions, mild depressive states - these are Deprim, Neuroplant, Doppelhertz nervotonik, Negrustin, Gelarium. Since the active substance in the preparations is the same, contraindications, side effects interactions with other drugs of these drugs are similar.

Deprim Ingredients: dry standardized extract of St. John's wort. It has a pronounced sedative effect, since the active substances of St. John's wort - pseudohypericin, hypericin, hyperforin and flavonoids have a positive effect on functional state CNS and autonomic nervous system. Increases physical activity, improves mood, normalizes sleep. Indications: sensitivity to weather changes, mild depression, anxiety, Contraindications: severe depression, pills are contraindicated for children under 6 years old, capsules up to 12 years old, hypersensitivity- allergic reactions to St. John's wort and components of the drug, the effect of the drug on the fetus - there are no reliable studies, therefore, it is not prescribed during pregnancy and lactation. Dosage: from 6 to 12 years only under the supervision of a physician, 1-2 tablets in the morning and evening, for adults, 1 capsule or tablet 1 r / day or 3 r / day, possibly 2 tablets 2 times a day. The effect occurs after 2 weeks of taking, you can not take a double dose in case of missing a dose. Side effects: constipation, nausea, vomiting, restlessness, feeling tired, pruritus, redness of the skin, photosensitivity - simultaneous use of the drug and sunbathing can lead to (see). Tetracyclines, thiazide diuretics, sulfonamides, quinolones, piroxicam especially increase photosensitivity. Overdose: weakness, drowsiness, side effects increase. Special instructions: the drug should be carefully prescribed simultaneously with other antidepressants, oral contraceptives (see), it is not prescribed simultaneously with cardiac glycosides, cyclosporine, theophylline, indinavir, reserpine. Enhances the effect of analgesics, general anesthesia. Alcohol, sun exposure and other UV exposure should be avoided while taking. If after a month of taking there is no improvement, the reception is stopped and you should consult a doctor.

Neuroplant 20 tab. 200 rub. Ingredients: dry extract of St. John's wort, ascorbic acid. Indications and contraindications similar to the drug Deprim. In addition, Neuroplan is strictly contraindicated for children under 12 years of age, for women during pregnancy and lactation, with increased photosensitivity, it is prescribed with caution when diabetes. Dosage: It is better to take before meals, do not chew, but take 1 tablet whole with water. 2-3 r / day, also if there is no effect for several weeks of administration, the drug is canceled and the treatment is adjusted. Side effects: indigestion, skin allergic reactions, psycho-emotional stress, apathy,. Concomitant use with other drugs: reduces the concentration of hormonal contraceptives and increases the risk of . At simultaneous reception with antidepressants, the likelihood of side effects increases - causeless fear, anxiety, vomiting, nausea, as well as a decrease in the effect of amitriptyline, midazolam, nortriptyline. When taken with drugs that increase photosensitivity, the risk of photosensitivity increases. Neuroplant reduces therapeutic effect indinavir and other HIV protease inhibitors, drugs used to treat cancer that inhibit cell growth.

Doppelhertz nervotonic 250 ml. 320-350 rub. Ingredients: Elixir Doppelhertz Nervotonik - liquid extract St. John's wort, as well as cherry liqueur concentrate and liqueur wine. Indications and contraindications Deprim and Neuroplant are similar. Additionally: with caution, Doppelherz Nervotonik is taken for diseases of the brain, for liver diseases, craniocerebral injuries, and for alcoholism. Side effects: rarely allergic reactions, in persons with fair skin with a tendency to photosensitivity - photosensitivity reactions. Application: 3 r / day, 20 ml. after eating for 1.5 -2 months, if there is no effect, you should consult a doctor. Special instructions: as with other drugs with St. John's wort extract, interactions with other drugs should be taken into account when taken simultaneously. The drug contains 18 vol.% ethanol, that is, when taking the recommended dose, 2.8 g of ethanol enters the body, therefore, driving Vehicle and one should refrain from working with other mechanisms that require the speed of psychomotor reactions (driving a car, working as a dispatcher, working with moving mechanisms, etc.)

Negrustin Capsules Negrustin - dry extract of St. John's wort Negrustin solution - liquid extract of St. John's wort Indications, contraindications and side effects similar to other preparations of St. John's wort. Dosage: children over 12 years old and adults 1 capsule 1-2 r / day or 3 r / day, 1 ml. solution, the course of therapy is 6-8 weeks, possibly repeated courses. Capsules can be taken with meals, washed down with liquid, the solution can also be taken diluted with meals, or not diluted. Special instructions: Like other drugs with active substance St. John's wort extract should be used with caution when combined with the above drugs. Negrustin's solution contains sorbitol and 121 mg of it is supplied at each dose. Also, the drug is prescribed with caution to persons with fructose intolerance. Negrustin, with the simultaneous use of alcohol or tranquilizers, affects the psychophysical abilities of a person (driving vehicles and working with other mechanisms).

Gelarium Dragee Gelarium Hypericum - dry extract of St. John's wort herb. Indications, contraindications, side effects, interaction with other drugs similar to all drugs with St. John's wort. Application: 1 tablet 3 r / day over 12 years and adults, a course of at least 4 weeks, during a meal, drinking water. Special instructions: the interval between taking the above drugs (when taken simultaneously) should be at least 2 weeks; in case of diabetes, it should be borne in mind that a single dose contains less than 0.03 XE.

In pharmacy chains, phytopreparations with St. John's wort are widely represented, the price is 20 filter bags or 50 gr. dry matter 40-50 rubles.

According to statistics, 40% of people on our planet live non-stop. This intense rhythm of life, which is associated with enormous mental stress, lack of rest and food from time to time. It is no wonder that the body is simply not able to endure such stress for a long time. The nervous system is depleted, which leads to neurosis, chronic stress, and then to depression.

Depression is a serious and underestimated disease that is accompanied by a depressed psychological state, a constant feeling of dissatisfaction, anxiety, irritability, lack of interest in life, a sense of hopelessness, and even suicidal thoughts. Without proper treatment depressive disorder can result in a serious deterioration in physical and mental health, up to complex mental illness and attempts to commit suicide.

It is clear that depression needs to be treated. But when faced with such a condition, a person, as a rule, is in no hurry to understand the causes of the disease, but goes straight to the pharmacy for sedatives, that is, for antidepressants. Indeed, a short intake of such pills quickly solves the problem of depression, giving a person the desired calm, perfectly raising the mood and coloring the world multicolored paints. But is everything so simple and unambiguous? Recent studies by scientists suggest that antidepressants not only do not benefit, but also harm the body. Is this true and how to deal with depression in this case?

How antidepressants work

Doctors assure us that psychotropic drugs, they are also antidepressants, regulate the chemical imbalance in the body, making up for the lack of hormones of joy and happiness - serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine. Having received such a “charge of good mood”, a person forgets about his anxieties and worries, his lethargy and apathy disappear, and instead appears good mood, deep sleep and appetite.

Already from the description it becomes clear that such drugs do not solve the problem of depression, since they do not affect its cause and do not eliminate stress factors. That is, some time after stopping the medication, depression again makes itself felt. Is it worth taking pills that do not cure, but only temporarily hide the problem?

Dr. Hirsch's research

However, this is only the beginning. The director of the placebo effect program, Dr. Irving Hirsch, has been studying the effects of antidepressants on the nervous system in detail for 16 years. Numerous studies have led the specialist to believe that improvements in taking antidepressants are most often associated with the placebo effect!

Back in 2002, Dr. Hirsch conducted a study that showed that 80% of the effectiveness psychotropic drugs provided by the placebo effect. After evaluating the condition of 700 patients, half of whom were taking real drugs, and the other half were taking placebo, the specialist concluded that the difference between the drug and the “dummy” on the clinical scale was less than 2%! The emerging doubts about the effectiveness of antidepressants forced Irving Hirsch to conduct another experiment. After selecting more than 300 participants suffering from depressive disorders, the doctor asked each of them to undergo treatment with a specific antidepressant. Instead of a drug, the participants took gelatin sweets, that is, a placebo. The results of the experiment exceeded expectations - 75% of patients noted significant improvements in their condition!

The scientific world was extremely surprised to learn how ineffective antidepressants turned out to be. However, here you need to understand that the sale of sedatives is a multi-billion dollar business that is not inferior in terms of profitability to the turnover from the sale of antibiotics. That is why a wave of criticism fell upon Dr. Hirsch, and they tried to stop his research activities.

However, faith in the effectiveness of antidepressants has waned. The Commission for the Control of Medicines became interested in this issue. According to her findings, only 43% of all studies have confirmed the effectiveness of psychotropic drugs. All other studies were either not published due to not the most impressive results, or were not carried out at all!

Dr. Hirsch is echoed by the neuroscientist Joseph Coyle. According to a well-known specialist, the version of chemical imbalance as the main culprit in the development of depression is outdated. It is likely that depression occurs for more complex reasons than a decrease in the level of serotonin and dopamine, which means that it is pointless to fight the problem with antidepressants! According to Dr. Coyle, in the future, doctors will have to look for another, A complex approach to the treatment of this complex disease.

Why are antidepressants dangerous?

Modern research on antidepressants is increasingly showing that these drugs are not only ineffective, but also harmful to the body. Assessing the harm from taking antidepressants, doctors identify two key problems - toxic liver damage and addiction to the drug, followed by withdrawal syndrome.

In terms of possible liver damage, the most dangerous component is amitiptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant that, when long-term use causes the development of toxic drug-induced hepatitis. No less dangerous is the so-called “withdrawal syndrome”. People suffering from chronic stress and depression take antidepressants almost constantly, which means that a sharp refusal to take drugs causes them pronounced depression, often with suicide attempts. This condition is caused by an acute lack of serotonin, the level of which was previously artificially maintained by antidepressants. In this regard, the withdrawal syndrome can be avoided only by a smooth cessation of medication.

By the way, the manufacturers of antidepressants themselves in the instructions for use note that taking psychotropic drugs is associated with a health hazard. In particular, doctors warn that taking these drugs can provoke cardiovascular diseases, liver and kidney pathologies, stomach problems and metabolic disorders, aggressiveness and hostility to others, insomnia and the appearance of hallucinations. Moreover, taking such drugs, pregnancy complications and problems with sexual activity cannot be ruled out.

How to deal with depression without medication

I would like to believe that after reading this article, you realize that taking antidepressants is not at all the way out in the fight against depression. However, do not despair! Almost every person can get rid of this disease, the main thing is to follow the advice of a psychologist. They sound like this:

1. Change your own mindset

First of all, take it for granted that some processes, such as death loved one, cannot be controlled or prevented. It is necessary to learn to live with this.

2. Set realistic goals

Having set incredible goals for himself, and not being able to achieve them, a person gradually "falls" into depression. Start your life over with goals that are clear and easy to achieve, and gradually raise the bar. So, step by step, you will achieve the desired self-realization.

3. Don't be alone with yourself

It's no secret that depression makes a person dive into himself and engage in soul-searching. To make it easier to drive away such thoughts, spend all your free time with friends, colleagues, and, of course, with your family. Communicate, discuss last news, make plans for the future, in general, get distracted as much as possible from thoughts that depress you.

4. Take up a hobby

If before that you did not have a favorite activity that you could do with rapture all day, be sure to find yourself such a hobby. It can be fishing or painting, writing poetry or collecting car models. The main thing is that doing what you love, you are distracted from disturbing thoughts and get satisfaction.

5. Spend more time away from home

Sitting in the "four camps" and trying to fight depression is a hopeless undertaking. You need to be in nature more often, walk in a park or forest, maybe even go hiking, hunting or fishing. In this case, the sun and fresh air, combined with your favorite pastime, will quickly relieve you of an existing mental disorder.

6. Exercise

Sport not only distracts from anxious thoughts and relieves depression, but also contributes to the production of "hormones of joy." In this regard, it is especially useful to engage in swimming, running, cycling, as well as any team sports where physical exercise can be combined with friendly communication.

7. Eat anti-depressant products

It turns out that depression can be combated by correcting your diet. To do this, it is enough to diversify the diet with foods rich in Omega-3 fatty acids, namely, sea fish (sardines and salmon), other seafood, walnuts, almonds, eggs, olive and vegetable oil, avocado and leafy greens.

8. Give up bad habits

Having decided to win the fight against depression, you need to end such depression forever. bad habits like smoking and drinking alcohol. These substances, in fact, are depressants, which means that without giving them up forever, you will not be able to get rid of the problem you have.

As you can see, it is possible to fight depression without antidepressants, especially given the information about their inefficiency and harmful effects on health. And if your doctor still prescribes these drugs for you, try to take them strictly as prescribed, without exceeding the dosage. Good health to you!

The purpose of antidepressants is to optimize brain function, restoring the normal level of monoamines - a group of hormones responsible for emotions.

As soon as the amount of these hormones in the body is restored, the person returns to normal. The higher their level, the better patient well-being. But is there an antidepressant without side effects?

How to exit postpartum depression? help you!

Impact on a person

How do antidepressants affect a person?

Contrary to popular myths, most are not addictive if taken correctly and do not impair the health of the patient.

But they also cannot solve all the problems of a person and instantly improve well-being.

Most drugs can be stopped without any serious consequences. Some medicines require a slow and gradual reduction in dosage.

There are, of course, certain types of drugs that are highly addictive, but doctors almost never prescribe them. Also, antidepressants do not affect a person's personality in any way. In general, when taken as directed by the doctor, they work as intended and really help.

However, some tablets cannot cure depression completely. In most cases, the disease is accompanied psychological factors that caused it.

Therefore, antidepressants help to get rid of the symptoms of depression, but do not cure it in the bud. Psychotherapy is required for complete treatment.

How do antidepressants work? Find out from the video:

Is it worth using?

Antidepressants have positive action if you accept them according to the doctor's recommendations in the right dosage.

However, you need to have medical confirmation that you have depression (or another disorder for which these drugs are prescribed), because taking antidepressants without a source of illness is addictive and more big problems with health.

Don't take antidepressants on your own, even if you are completely confident in the diagnosis and your actions, and even if you have already suffered from depression before.

The types of the disease may vary, depending on the situation, different medications and dosages may be required.

Most likely, self-administration of medications will not only not help, but also harm.

Antidepressants - myths and facts, personal experience:

Who writes?

Prescribed antidepressants. In ordinary clinics for a prescription, they are sent to neurologist.

Depending on the situation, a psychiatrist, a psychotherapist with the right to provide pharmacological assistance (that is, one who has the right to prescribe pills), or a psychologist who has a medical license can prescribe a prescription.

In other cases, for example, neurological diseases prescribes antidepressants neurologist.

How to get a prescription?

Ordinary doctors (neuropathologists in polyclinics, therapists) simply recommend which medicines should be taken, but for taking some of them may need a prescription.

To obtain it, you need to contact a psychiatrist or psychotherapist who has the right to medical care. They will make an official diagnosis and prescribe antidepressants. These physicians should further take care of your health patient and, if necessary, change the course of treatment.

Over-the-counter antidepressants:

Treatment rules

Treatment should be monitored by a doctor who corrects schedule, dosage and other instructions depending on the patient's condition.

All this is quite individual. But there are some general rules that a person must comply with for successful treatment.

1. Take medication regularly. In this case, you need to follow the schedule set by the doctor, and take the right dosage at the same time every day. The reception time cannot be shifted, a pass is undesirable, but if it happens, continue further according to the schedule.
2. Never drink alcohol during the course of treatment. Many antidepressants have contraindications to alcohol. This can reduce the effect of treatment or even harm your health. You need to drink medicines with plain water.
3. Closer to the end of the course, you need to gradually reduce the dose. This will avoid the so-called "withdrawal syndrome", when the body reacts painfully to the sudden cessation of medication. The attending physician will tell you the specific numbers.
4. No need to drop treatment if the effect did not appear immediately. On average, the course lasts up to six months, you need to be prepared for this.

1. It is better to buy medicines in advance, there will be no need to go to the pharmacy often.
2. When side effects occur or discomfort when taking it, you do not need to immediately refuse treatment - this normal phenomenon; Seek medical attention only if you experience severe discomfort.
3. Maximum detail describe your condition to the doctor, because different patients may have a different reaction to certain drugs and it is possible that you will have to change the dosage and antidepressants often.

How to get out of depression after breaking up with a loved one? Learn about it from ours.

List of over-the-counter drugs

Pharmacies sell only light antidepressants without a prescription, without so many side effects how strong.

Their list is presented below.

"Maprotilin".

1. Description: relieves depression, normalizes sleep, relieves anxiety and fear.
2. Contraindications: epilepsy, acute stage heart attack, kidney disease, liver dysfunction.
3. Side effects: are expressed poorly; drowsiness, fatigue, dizziness, dry mouth.

"Prozac".

1. Description: A popular drug that relieves depression, anxiety, helps to cope with panic attacks and obsessive thoughts.
2. Side effects: irritability, sleep disturbances, headache, nausea.

"Deprim".

1. Description: increases efficiency, mood, relieves anxiety.
2. Contraindications: pregnancy, hypersensitivity of the skin to ultraviolet radiation.
3. Side effects: skin itching, skin rash, fatigue, headache, dry mouth.

Paxil.

1. Description: relieves anxiety and depression, helps with stress.
2. Contraindications: sensitivity to the drug.
3. Side effects: nausea, loss of appetite, sleep disturbances, blurred vision.

"Persen".

1. Description: An effective sedative.
2. Contraindications: pregnancy, deficiency of lactase and sucrase.
3. Side effects: allergies, bronchospasm, constipation with prolonged use.

Depending on the type of illness and how severe it is, your doctor may recommend strong or mild antidepressants.

Strong

Strong antidepressants are prescribed by a doctor and sold by prescription only. They act more efficiently and stronger than the lungs, but at the same time they have a large number of side effects.

"Imipramine".

1. Description: effectively reduces depression, calms and normalizes sleep.
2. Contraindications:

"Ludiomil".

1. Description: effectively reduces depression, calms, relieves anxiety, normalizes sleep.
2. Contraindications: epilepsy, heart attack, impaired renal or hepatic function.
3. Side effects: tachycardia, constipation, urinary retention, dry mouth.

"Amitriptyline".

1. Description: relieves depression, increases emotional activity and performance, relieves anxiety, normalizes sleep.
2. Contraindications: heart attack and heart failure, diseases of the stomach, liver and kidneys.
3. Side effects: dry mouth, dizziness, headache, nausea.

Paroxetine.

1. Description: strong antidepressant effect, relieves anxiety and fear.
2. Contraindications: age up to 18 years.
3. Side effects: dizziness, headache, decreased sexual function, decreased appetite, rash.

Lungs

Mild antidepressants are prescribed for mild depression, have fewer side effects, and are usually available over the counter.

"Doxepin".

1. Description: improves mood, increases efficiency, eliminates apathy and depression.
2. Contraindications: pregnancy, glaucoma, adenoma.
3. Side effects: dry mouth, nausea and vomiting, urinary retention, general fatigue, anorexia.

"Mianserin".

1. Description: relieves depression, anxiety and fear, normalizes sleep.
2. Contraindications: pregnancy, liver dysfunction, acute period of infarction.
3. Side effects: drowsiness, convulsions, impaired liver function.

"Tianeptine".

1. Description: improves mood and performance, tones.
2. Contraindications: pregnancy.
3. Side effects: dizziness, headache, sleep disturbances, tachycardia, dry mouth.

The cheapest

List of the most available antidepressants (price up to 1000 rubles) is presented below:

• "Fluoxetine", ~ 35 rubles;
• "Amitriptyline", ~50 rubles;
• "Pyrazidol", ~ 160 rubles;
• "Deprim", ~ 220 rubles;
• Paroxetine and Melipramin, ~360 rubles;
• "Velaksin", ~680 rubles;
• Paxil, ~725 rubles;
• "Velaksin", ~880 rubles;
• "Cipramil" and "Venlaxor", ~ 900 rubles.

Rating of the best

What antidepressants help the best? Titles:

1. "Sertraline".
2. Paxil.
3. Escitalopram.
4. "Citalopram".
5. "Bupropion".
6. Fluvoxamine.
7. "Milnacipram".
8. "Fluoxetine".
9. Mirtazapine.
10. "Insidon".

Classification table

Types of antidepressants	Preparations
SSRIs ( selective inhibitors serotonin reuptake), the most popular	Fluoxetine, Paroxetine, Citalopram, Sertraline, Fluvoxamine, Escitalopram
With a stimulating effect	"Imizin", "Prozac", "Ludiomil", "Cefedrin", "Nialamid", "Indopan"
Atypical	Trazodone, Tianeptine, Mirtazapine
From insomnia	Mirtazapine, Amitriptyline, Deprim, Atarax
sedatives	Amiltriptyline, Imipramine, Nortriptyline,
With hypnotic (sedative) effect	Amiltriptyline, Deprim, Mirtazapine, Imipramine, Nortriptyline
homeopathic	"Dormikind", "Nervohel"
	Paxil, Fluoxetine, Citalopram, Serenata, Fluvoxamine, Grandaxin
With anorexia	Any (no contraindications)
For bulimia	Any (no contraindications)
With menopause	Fluoxetine, Paroxetine, Adepress, Efevelon
With VVD	Erespal, Heptral
For older men and women	Agomelatine, Fluoxetine, Fluvoxamine, Paroxetine
	Prozac, Paroxetine, Fluvoxamine

Side effects and complications

Side effects have almost all antidepressants, but whether they appear or not depends only on the patient's body.

At severe discomfort and ailments, you need to consult a doctor so that he changes the remedy or dosage. Self-administration of antidepressants is dangerous.

Pregnancy

Most antidepressants contraindicated, but there are those that are allowed to be taken (for example, drugs from the SSRI group). They do not harm the health of either the child or the mother.

The consequences of carrying a fetus during depression can be much more serious - this can lead to miscarriage or delayed fetal development.

Taking antidepressants during pregnancy should be strictly controlled by a doctor.

If it was carried out a few days before conception, the child should lie down in the hospital for some time.

You can stop taking antidepressants if you mild form depression or if other cures have been found, but in most cases can't do without them.

Libido

Antidepressants increase the level of serotonin, and this entails a decrease in another hormone - dopamine. Dopamine, in turn, is responsible for sexual desire. Therefore, taking antidepressants often suppresses libido. Sexual desire disappears, there is no orgasm.

Decreased libido is a common side effect of the SSRI class of antidepressants, SNRIs. But not the fact that it can manifest itself. In this matter, everything is quite individual.

Some people are more sensitive to the drug, others are not. But can't stop taking medication. It is better to prepare yourself for such an outcome in advance and consult with your doctor.

Are antidepressants really that dangerous? Find out from the video:

How many do they drink?

Treatment of depression is a serious and long-term matter. The course of treatment with strong antidepressants, as a rule, is less than a month(from 2 to 4 weeks), but in certain cases, treatment may be extended. On average, treatment for depression takes from 3 to 6 months. At the end of the course, you need to gradually reduce the dosage.

Can you take antidepressants for the rest of your life? Medications need to stop drinking as soon as the disease is cured. In the case of depression - after it has been cured, the doctor prescribes a gradual reduction in dosage.

If you do not stop taking medications and continue to drink them even after the cure, they will not only cause serious addiction but also seriously impair health.

How to stop taking?

Most antidepressants need to be stopped gradually.

Otherwise, the so-called "withdrawal syndrome" occurs (a person's condition worsens due to a sharp cessation of medication).

After recovery, you should contact your doctor, who will indicate new dosages and prescribe the final course. Some antidepressants (especially strong ones) can cause serious dependence, and then this period will take longer.

How long does the withdrawal syndrome last?

The duration depends on the specific drug, the duration of its administration, individual characteristics human. On average, this period lasts 2-3 weeks, which you just need to endure.

In conclusion, it should be said that a properly selected course of treatment and following the doctor's recommendations speeds up the treatment process and reduces the number of side effects.

Treatment can take a long time, but the lack of instant results does not mean that it is ineffective and you need to give it up. But if you show patience, you can forget about depression for a long time or even forever.

About antidepressants without side effects in this video:

Antidepressants are often prescribed for VVD in order to reduce its unpleasant manifestations, mainly depressive mood, anxiety and irritability.

These drugs are highly effective and have no less side effects, which are especially common when the recommended dosage is violated or the drug is self-administered.

How antidepressants work

The effect of antidepressants on the human body is the result of a multifaceted effect of active substances, it is expressed as follows:

• increasing the concentration of serotonin in the blood and slowing down the processes of its decay;
• an increase in the number of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and norepinephrine, responsible for a person's positive mood;
• reduction in manifestations of anxiety;
• stimulation of the psyche (in the presence of lethargy or apathy)

There are several groups of antidepressants:

1. Tricyclic (Amitriptyline, Imipramine, Mianserin).
2. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (Nialamide, Pirlindol, Maclobemide).
3. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (Fluoxetine, Paroxetine, Sertraline).
4. Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (maprotiline).
5. Other types (Mirtazapine, Ademetionine).

In addition to the classification indicated above, antidepressants are divided according to the types of effects:

• sedatives (amitriptyline, pipofezin);
• giving a balanced effect (Pyrazidol, Paroxetine);
• stimulating (Maclobemide, Imipramine).

Purpose of antidepressants

Each type of such drugs is responsible for performing a specific task, whether it is the function of reuptake of norepinephrine or serotonin, their purpose differs according to species characteristics.

Tricyclic agents

This is the first generation of antidepressants that have proven effective in the treatment of moderate to severe depression. The achievement of a visible effect can be seen after 14-21 days of taking the medicine:

• remove sleep disorders;
• soothe;
• reduce manifestations of depression;
• reduce arousal;
• reduce the risk of suicide attempts.

The harm of this type of antidepressants is the occurrence of such risks:

• arrhythmias;
• atrial fibrillation;
• sudden cardiac arrest;
• decrease in blood pressure;
• the appearance of dryness of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity;
• the occurrence of vision problems.

The drugs of this group have a stimulating effect on the nervous system, while relieving a person from depressed mood and excessive lethargy.

The results of taking antidepressants can be:

• decrease in blood pressure numbers;
• toxic effects on the liver;
• insomnia;
• an increase in anxiety.

While taking inhibitors of this group, the use of bananas, wine, chocolate, cheeses and smoked meats is prohibited. Otherwise, there is a high probability of getting a persistent increase in blood pressure.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Means of this group have the ability to block the reuptake of the hormone serotonin without having a sedative effect on the body. These drugs are somewhat easier to tolerate, mainly due to the absence of cardiotoxicity.

Side effects of antidepressants of this group is the occurrence of such reactions:

• violations of sexual activity;
• digestive disorders;
• loss of appetite;
• sleep disorders.

Antidepressants of this group are not prescribed in conjunction with MAO inhibitors, which is fraught with increased pressure, convulsions and the onset of coma.

Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors

The antidepressant effect of these drugs is not lower than that of the tricyclic group. However, there is no pronounced inhibitory effect and cardiotoxicity.

Other types of antidepressants

The effect of antidepressants on the human body is exerted by absolutely all groups of these medicines. The remaining types of drugs block adrenoreceptors and increase the degree of serotonin that enters the blood.

Antidepressants of this group are indicated in the presence of mild to moderate depressive states. These drugs are quite easily tolerated without causing significant harm to the body.

The effect of antidepressants

When taking antidepressants, the benefits of which will appear if the necessary conditions for their use are observed, one should be aware of the possibility of addiction to such drugs.

Antidepressants help in the treatment of such pathologies:

• depressive states of varying severity;
• anxiety disorders;
• obsessive-compulsive disorders;
• chronic and phantom pains;
• exacerbations of existing neuroses;
• elimination of hallucinations that occur against the background of alcohol intoxication;
• prevention of suicidal ideation in patients in a state of severe depression.

Antidepressants or thymoanaleptics, take long time. The minimum therapeutic course is 14 days.

If a patient quits taking a medication that, in his opinion, had no effect, without waiting for positive dynamics to occur, there is a high probability of developing adverse reactions on the part of the body and even exacerbation of the existing condition with the onset of a depressive disorder high degree gravity.

Antidepressants have a direct effect on the central nervous system, normalizing the concentration of monoamines that are contained in neurons. This action is quite strong, so dosage accuracy is very important in prescribing antidepressants.

A possible overdose of the active substance of thymoanaleptics can cause the patient's death.

Children, even if they have symptoms of VVD, are practically not prescribed antidepressants. The immaturity of the CNS can be affected by the concentration of these substances, which will lead to the development of mental disorders in the future.

During pregnancy and lactation, antidepressants are prohibited for use. They easily penetrate both through the placental barrier and into breast milk, negatively affecting the development of the nervous system of the fetus and the state of the infant's psyche.

The main task of antidepressants is to create and maintain the balance of certain chemical elements contained in the human brain.

A wide variety of such drugs has an effect on certain elements. Not always the medicine prescribed by the doctor gives the expected effect. In this case, the patient has to try other means until the optimal active substance is selected.

As a rule, a person can feel significant changes in his condition after 14 days of taking the drug, in other cases, it takes at least two months of its use. If during this period there are no visible changes in the condition, you should contact a specialist for a replacement of the drug.

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Antidepressants in Russia

There are several brands of antidepressants, the most common in Russia. The effectiveness of treatment with these drugs depends on the accuracy of the selected treatment and the individual response of each person to the active substance.

1. Prozac (Fluoxetine) is produced by the Russian Cardiology Scientific and Educational Complex. This drug belongs to the group of serotonin reuptake inhibitors. It relieves depressive moods, has a stimulating effect on the central nervous system, improves mood, eliminates heightened anxiety and tension, causeless fear. Does not render sedative effect for the body, non-toxic to the heart and blood vessels.
2. Amitriptyline is produced by CJSC ALSI Pharma. It belongs to a number of tricyclic antidepressants, has a sedative and hypnotic effect on the patient, relieves anxiety.
3. Paroxetine (Paxil) is made in France. It has a pronounced anti-anxiety effect, belongs to the group of serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

In addition, in Russia the following drugs are often prescribed:

• Fevarin (made in the Netherlands);
• Sertraline (made in Italy);
• Coaxil (manufactured in France);
• Anafranil (manufactured in Switzerland);
• Azafen (manufactured in Russia);
• Pyrazidol (production Ukraine).

Self-medication with antidepressants is dangerous

According to recent studies by Canadian scientists, the widespread prescription of antidepressants to the population (even for the treatment of certain conditions of vegetative-vascular dystonia) is not scientifically justified.

Too high are the risks of adverse reactions, addiction of the body to the active substances contained in such products, because of which they do more harm than good.

Only a psychiatrist with sufficient qualifications can make a decision about the possibility of treatment with antidepressants. Naturally, unauthorized decision-making on the appointment of such funds is not permissible.

On your own initiative, you can only take vitamin complexes or placebo drugs, while antidepressants can cause serious damage to the nervous system.

From the point of view of American scientists, drugs that cause the synthesis of serotonin in the brain are recognized as the safest, they do not have a detrimental effect on neurons and contribute to the development of a minimum of adverse reactions.

Canadian scientists have confirmed the fact that taking antidepressants increases the risk of heart attack or stroke by 14%. And even in people who have not previously had somatic diseases from the cardiovascular system.

Prevention of depression

Depression, a condition that often develops when a person has vegetative vascular dystonia, is characterized by the following symptoms:

• depression;
• Bad mood;
• lack of interest in life;
• guilt;
• hopelessness;
• drowsiness;
• loss of strength;
• distraction;
• decrease in libido;
• loss of appetite;
• arrhythmia;
• decrease in performance.

Depending on the type of depressive disorder, there are such characteristic symptoms depression:

1. Agitated disorder: overexcitation, constant tantrums, exposing negative emotions.
2. Adynamic: complete loss of strength for life, depression of mood, drowsiness, lack of will.
3. Dysphoric: constant grumbling, the appearance of fear of human society, irritability, unreasonable anger.
4. Postpartum: decreased self-esteem, increased suspiciousness, increased tearfulness and sensitivity, self-pity.

A depressed person is more likely to develop baseless phobias and fears, uncontrolled aggressive outbursts, and very severe psychoses that undermine the nervous system.

It is impossible to insure against the occurrence of depression, it can come to everyone. However, everyone can reduce the likelihood of such a condition, for this it is important to adhere to the following rules.

Prevention of the onset of depression:

• drawing up and maintaining a reasonable daily routine, in which the load will be distributed extremely competently, not allowing a person to get tired physically or experience serious stress. If a person sets himself a plan that he will adhere to, it is easier for him to evaluate his own strengths, to avoid overwork;
• rest fully every day. Very important night sleep, during which the production of serotonin, which is responsible for a good mood, occurs. A well-rested person resists better stressful situations and irritants;
• receive regularly physical exercise. Sports allow you to increase self-esteem, in addition, during training, adrenaline is released, which increases the tone of the body;
• eat right, with the inclusion in the daily diet of all essential vitamins and elements. For this purpose, you should often eat fresh fruits and vegetables, seafood, cereals, greens and legumes. In addition to health benefits, proper nutrition avoids obesity, which negatively affects overall self-esteem and can lead to the development of depressive mood;
• to lead a healthy lifestyle, in which there is no place for smoking, narcotic substances and overuse alcohol;
• receive positive emotions while communicating with loved ones, joint outdoor games with children and pets.

If a person follows the rules healthy lifestyle life, then depression may well bypass him. Otherwise, if the VVD is aggravated by a depressive disorder, you should seek help from a psychotherapist who will prescribe antidepressants.

It is not permissible to start self-medication using such means, so as not to cause serious harm to your own body.

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